Numerical Investigation on Dynamic Response Characteristics of Fluid-Structure Interaction of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Horizontal Pipe

Fluid-structure interaction(FSI)of gas-liquid two-phase fow in the horizontal pipe is investigated numerically in the present study.The volume of fluid model and standard k-e turbulence model are integrated to simulate the typical gas-liquid two-phase fow patterns.First,validation of the numerical model is conducted and the typical fow patterns are consistent with the Baker chart.Then,the FSI framework is established to investigate the dynamic responses of the interaction between the horizontal pipe and gas-liquid two-phase fow.The results show that the dynamic response under stratified fow condition is relatively flat and the maximum pipe deformation and equivalent stress are 1.8 mm and 7.5 MPa respectively.Meanwhile,the dynamic responses induced by slug fow,wave fow and annular fow show obvious periodic fuctuations.Furthermore,the dynamic response characteristics under slug flow condition are maximum;the maximum pipe deformation and equivalent stress can reach 4mm and 17.5 MPa,respectively.The principal direction of total deformation is different under various flow patterns.Therefore,the periodic equivalent stress will form the cyclic impact on the pipe wall and affect the fatigue life of the horizontal pipe.The present study may serve as a reference for FSI simulation under gas-liquid two-phase transport conditions.

Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics （volume of fluid） modelling coupled with a stochastic discrete phase model for the performance analysis of an invert trap experimentally validated using field sewer solids

Invert traps are used to trap sewer solids flowing into a sewer drainage system, The performance of the invert trap in an open rectangular channel was experimentally and numerically analysed using field sewer solids collected from a sewer drain. Experiments showed that the free water surface rises over the central opening （slot） of the invert trap, which reduces the velocity near the slot and allows more sediment to be trapped in comparison with the case for the fixed-lid model （assuming closed conduit flow with a shear-free top wall） used by earlier investigators. This phenomenon cannot be modelled using a closed conduit model as no extra space is provided for the fluctuation of the water surface, whereas this space is provided in the volume of fluid （VOF） model in the form of air space in ANSYS Fluent 14.0 software. Additionally, the zero atmospheric pressure at the free water surface cannot be modelled in a fixed-lid model. In the present study, experimental trap efflciencies of the invert trap using field sewer solids were fairly validated using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model （VOF model） coupled with a stochastic discrete phase model. The flow field （i.e., velocities） predicted by the VOF model were compared with experimental velocities obtained employing particle image velocimetry. The water surface profile above the invert trap predicted by the VOF model was found to be in good agreement with the experimentally measured profile. The present study thus showed that the VOF model can be used with the stochastic discrete phase model to well predict the performance of invert traps.

Numerical Simulation of Seaplane Wave Ground Effect with Crosswind

Under the absolute coordinate system, the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)equations and the k-ω SST turbulence model are solved using the finite volume method to simulate the aerodynamic characteristics of large seaplane flying with the ground-effect above wavy surface. The velocity inlet wave-making method and the volume of fluid model are used to accurately simulate the linear regular waves and to precisely capture the free surface. This paper studies the influence of the sideslip angle on the aerodynamic characteristics of large seaplane when it is cruising above wavy water. The results show that the wave surface mainly affects the pressure distribution on the lower surface of the wing. When the sideslip angle varies from 0° to 8°,the varying of frequency of aerodynamic forces is consistent with the wave encounter frequency,and both periods are 0.6 s. With the increase of the sideslip angle,the lift coefficient and the pitching moment coefficient decrease. However,when the sideslip angle is smaller than 4°,the decrease amplitude is small,and the significant decrease occurs above 4° and during the whole process of the change of sideslip angle,the aerodynamic fluctuation amplitude is almost unchanged. As the drag coefficient increases with the increase of sideslip angle,significant increase also occurs when the value is greater than4°,and the fluctuation amplitude does not show any correlations. The rolling moment coefficient and yaw moment coefficient increase with the increase of the sideslip angle,and the fluctuation amplitudes of both increase linearly with the increase of the sideslip angle.

Numerical simulation of liquid aluminum leakage in casting process

A model was built to simulate liquid aluminum leakage during the casting process,including transient trough flow,orifice outflow,and spread,to prevent the explosion.A comparison between the simulation data and the theoretical calculation results verifies that the model has remarkable adaptability and high accuracy.Although the height of liquid aluminum in the mixing furnace and outlet radius are changed,the molten aluminum will not leak during the casting process.The aluminum in the trough moves forward in a wave-like motion and causes a leakage.The spread of the leaked aluminum resembles a long strip on the ground.The leakage amount and spread area of liquid aluminum increase with increasing the height of liquid aluminum in the mixing furnace.

Numerical simulation of effect of various parameters on atomization in an annular slit atomizer

As the width-thickness ratio of the discrete nozzle atomizer’s discrete hole greatly influences the loss of atomizing gas flow rate,the discrete nozzle atomizer was transformed into an annular slit atomizer with the same total nozzle outlet area.A numerical simulation study on the effect of various parameters on the atomization in the annular slit atomizer was carried out by coupling both the large eddy simulation(LES)and volume of fluid(VOF)model,which is based on the applicability of LES in capturing the breakup behavior of transient liquid droplets and the advantage of VOF method in directly capturing the phase interface.The simulation results showed that the increase in the atomization pressure makes the gas gain higher momentum,while the increase in the nozzle intersection angle decreases the distance between the nozzle exit and the computational domain axis.The increase in these two variables results in enhancing the gas-liquid interaction in the primary atomization zone and the formation of more aluminum droplets simultaneously.It is considered that the atomization effect becomes better when atomization pressure is 2.5 MPa,and the nozzle intersection angle is 60°.Industrial tests showed that the aluminum powder prepared by the optimized annular slit atomizer has a finer mean particle size and a higher yield of fine powder.The numerical simulation results agree well with the industrial test data of the powder particle size.

Numerical study of air layer drag reduction of an axisymmetric body in oscillatory motions

The air layer drag reduction(ALDR)of an axisymmetric body in oscillatory motions is investigated in this paper with open source toolbox OpenFOAM.The unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)equations are used to determine the viscous flow and the volume of fluid(VOF)model is adopted to capture the interface of the air-water two-phase flow.The k-e turbulence model is adopted to simulate the turbulence.The dynamic mesh technique is applied to model the movement of the axisymmetric body.Firstly,the ALDR results are validated by the experimental data.Then,the effects of the movements of the body on the drag reduction during the ALDR state are investigated.Two representative kinds of movements are considered,namely,the pitch and the heave.The numerical results show that the drag reduction varies during the movements and the average drag reduction rates will be reduced.The variation of the drag reduction is related to the morphological change of the air layer.The heave motion is more likely to reduce the effects of the ALDR than the pitch motion.For both oscillatory motions,the large motion amplitude and the low motion period are not conductive to improving the effects of the ALDR.The effects of the oscillatory motion on the ALDR are more sensitive at high water speeds than at low water speeds.Besides,increasing the air flow ratio can be considered as one way to improve the effects of the ALDR.