Due to a prolonged operation time and low mass transfer efficiency, the primary challenge in the aeration process of non-Newtonian fluids is the high energy consumption, which is closely related to the form and rate o...Due to a prolonged operation time and low mass transfer efficiency, the primary challenge in the aeration process of non-Newtonian fluids is the high energy consumption, which is closely related to the form and rate of impeller, ventilation, rheological properties and bubble morphology in the reactor. In this perspective, through optimal computational fluid dynamics models and experiments, the relationship between power consumption, volumetric mass transfer rate(kLa) and initial bubble size(d0) was constructed to establish an efficient operation mode for the aeration process of non-Newtonian fluids. It was found that reducing the d0could significantly increase the oxygen mass transfer rate, resulting in an obvious decrease in the ventilation volume and impeller speed. When d0was regulated within 2-5 mm,an optimal kLa could be achieved, and 21% of power consumption could be saved, compared to the case of bubbles with a diameter of 10 mm.展开更多
Porous materials present significant advantages for absorbing radioactive isotopes in nuclear waste streams.To improve absorption efficiency in nuclear waste treatment,a thorough understanding of the diffusion-advecti...Porous materials present significant advantages for absorbing radioactive isotopes in nuclear waste streams.To improve absorption efficiency in nuclear waste treatment,a thorough understanding of the diffusion-advection process within porous structures is essential for material design.In this study,we present advancements in the volumetric lattice Boltzmann method(VLBM)for modeling and simulating pore-scale diffusion-advection of radioactive isotopes within geopolymer porous structures.These structures are created using the phase field method(PFM)to precisely control pore architectures.In our VLBM approach,we introduce a concentration field of an isotope seamlessly coupled with the velocity field and solve it by the time evolution of its particle population function.To address the computational intensity inherent in the coupled lattice Boltzmann equations for velocity and concentration fields,we implement graphics processing unit(GPU)parallelization.Validation of the developed model involves examining the flow and diffusion fields in porous structures.Remarkably,good agreement is observed for both the velocity field from VLBM and multiphysics object-oriented simulation environment(MOOSE),and the concentration field from VLBM and the finite difference method(FDM).Furthermore,we investigate the effects of background flow,species diffusivity,and porosity on the diffusion-advection behavior by varying the background flow velocity,diffusion coefficient,and pore volume fraction,respectively.Notably,all three parameters exert an influence on the diffusion-advection process.Increased background flow and diffusivity markedly accelerate the process due to increased advection intensity and enhanced diffusion capability,respectively.Conversely,increasing the porosity has a less significant effect,causing a slight slowdown of the diffusion-advection process due to the expanded pore volume.This comprehensive parametric study provides valuable insights into the kinetics of isotope uptake in porous structures,facilitating the development of porous materials for nuclear waste treatment applications.展开更多
The safe and efficient development of natural gas hydrate requires a deep understanding of the deformation behaviors of reservoirs.In this study,a series of triaxial shearing tests are carried out to investigate the d...The safe and efficient development of natural gas hydrate requires a deep understanding of the deformation behaviors of reservoirs.In this study,a series of triaxial shearing tests are carried out to investigate the deformation properties of hydrate-bearing sediments.Variations of volumetric and lateral strains versus hydrate saturation are analyzed comprehensively.Results indicate that the sediments with high hydrate saturation show dilative behaviors,which lead to strain-softening characteristics during shearing.The volumetric strain curves have a tendency to transform gradually from dilatation to compression with the increase in effective confining pressure.An easy prediction model is proposed to describe the relationship between volumetric and axial strains.The model coefficientβis the key dominating factor for the shape of volumetric strain curves and can be determined by the hydrate saturation and stress state.Moreover,a modified model is established for the calculation of lateral strain.The corresponding determination method is provided for the easy estimation of model coefficients for medium sand sediments containing hydrate.This study provides a theoretical and experimental reference for deformation estimation in natural gas hydrate development.展开更多
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).NADH is autofluore...Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).NADH is autofluorescent,and itsfluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living cells.Fiber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting(TCSPC)equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo,enabling investigation of changing metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue regeneration.This study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based,minimally-invasive NADHfluorescence lifetime measurement in vivo.Volumetric muscle loss(VML)injuries were created in the left tibialis anterior(TA)muscle of male Sprague Dawley rats.NADH lifetime measurements were collected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the injured and uninjured TA muscles,which was subsequently-t to a biexponential decay model to yield a metric of NADH utilization(cytoplasmic vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninjured muscle compared to muscle at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contracting and recovering muscle,indicating increased rates of glycolysis.In injured muscle,this ratio was higher than uninjured muscle overall but decreased over time,which is consistent with current knowledge of inflammatory response to injury,suggesting tissue regeneration has occurred.These data suggest that-ber-coupled TCSPC has the potential to measure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.展开更多
Owing to the complex lithology of unconventional reservoirs,field interpreters usually need to provide a basis for interpretation using logging simulation models.Among the various detection tools that use nuclear sour...Owing to the complex lithology of unconventional reservoirs,field interpreters usually need to provide a basis for interpretation using logging simulation models.Among the various detection tools that use nuclear sources,the detector response can reflect various types of information of the medium.The Monte Carlo method is one of the primary methods used to obtain nuclear detection responses in complex environments.However,this requires a computational process with extensive random sampling,consumes considerable resources,and does not provide real-time response results.Therefore,a novel fast forward computational method(FFCM)for nuclear measurement that uses volumetric detection constraints to rapidly calculate the detector response in various complex environments is proposed.First,the data library required for the FFCM is built by collecting the detection volume,detector counts,and flux sensitivity functions through a Monte Carlo simulation.Then,based on perturbation theory and the Rytov approximation,a model for the detector response is derived using the flux sensitivity function method and a one-group diffusion model.The environmental perturbation is constrained to optimize the model according to the tool structure and the impact of the formation and borehole within the effective detection volume.Finally,the method is applied to a neutron porosity tool for verification.In various complex simulation environments,the maximum relative error between the calculated porosity results of Monte Carlo and FFCM was 6.80%,with a rootmean-square error of 0.62 p.u.In field well applications,the formation porosity model obtained using FFCM was in good agreement with the model obtained by interpreters,which demonstrates the validity and accuracy of the proposed method.展开更多
This study focuses on the analytical prediction of subsurface settlement induced by shield tunnelling in sandy cobble stratum considering the volumetric deformation modes of the soil above the tunnel crown.A series of...This study focuses on the analytical prediction of subsurface settlement induced by shield tunnelling in sandy cobble stratum considering the volumetric deformation modes of the soil above the tunnel crown.A series of numerical analyses is performed to examine the effects of cover depth ratio(C/D),tunnel volume loss rate(h t)and volumetric block proportion(VBP)on the characteristics of subsurface settle-ment trough and soil volume loss.Considering the ground loss variation with depth,three modes are deduced from the volumetric deformation responses of the soil above the tunnel crown.Then,analytical solutions to predict subsurface settlement for each mode are presented using stochastic medium theory.The influences of C/D,h t and VBP on the key parameters(i.e.B and N)in the analytical expressions are discussed to determine the fitting formulae of B and N.Finally,the proposed analytical solutions are validated by the comparisons with the results of model test and numerical simulation.Results show that the fitting formulae provide a convenient and reliable way to evaluate the key parameters.Besides,the analytical solutions are reasonable and available in predicting the subsurface settlement induced by shield tunnelling in sandy cobble stratum.展开更多
A detailed understanding of the distribution and potential of natural gas hydrate(NGHs)resources is crucial to fostering the industrialization of those resources in the South China Sea,where NGHs are abundant.In this ...A detailed understanding of the distribution and potential of natural gas hydrate(NGHs)resources is crucial to fostering the industrialization of those resources in the South China Sea,where NGHs are abundant.In this study,this study analyzed the applicability of resource evaluation methods,including the volumetric,genesis,and analogy methods,and estimated NGHs resource potential in the South China Sea by using scientific resource evaluation methods based on the factors controlling the geological accumulation and the reservoir characteristics of NGHs.Furthermore,this study compared the evaluation results of NGHs resource evaluations in representative worldwise sea areas via rational analysis.The results of this study are as follows:(1)The gas hydrate accumulation in the South China Sea is characterized by multiple sources of gas supply,multi-channel migration,and extensive accumulation,which are significantly different from those of oil and gas and other unconventional resources.(2)The evaluation of gas hydrate resources in the South China Sea is a highly targeted,stratified,and multidisciplinary evaluation of geological resources under the framework of a multi-type gas hydrate resource evaluation system and focuses on the comprehensive utilization of multi-source heterogeneous data.(3)Global NGHs resources is n×10^(15)m^(3),while the NGHs resources in the South China Sea are estimated to be 10^(13)m^(3),which is comparable to the abundance of typical marine NGHs deposits in other parts of the world.In the South China Sea,the NGHs resources have a broad prospect and provide a substantial resource base for production tests and industrialization of NGHs.展开更多
Current therapeutic approaches for volumetric muscle loss(VML)face challenges due to limited graft availability and insufficient bioactivities.To overcome these limitations,tissue-engineered scaffolds have emerged as ...Current therapeutic approaches for volumetric muscle loss(VML)face challenges due to limited graft availability and insufficient bioactivities.To overcome these limitations,tissue-engineered scaffolds have emerged as a promising alternative.In this study,we developed aligned ternary nanofibrous matrices comprised of poly(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)integrated with collagen and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene nanoparticles(NPs)(PCM matrices),and explored their myogenic potential for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration.The PCM matrices demonstrated favorable physicochemical properties,including structural uniformity,alignment,microporosity,and hydrophilicity.In vitro assays revealed that the PCM matrices promoted cellular behaviors and myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts.Moreover,in vivo experiments demonstrated enhanced muscle remodeling and recovery in mice treated with PCM matrices following VML injury.Mechanistic insights from next-generation sequencing revealed that MXene NPs facilitated protein and ion availability within PCM matrices,leading to elevated intracellular Ca^(2+)levels in myoblasts through the activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS)and serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1(SGK1),ultimately promoting myogenic differentiation via the m TOR-AKT pathway.Additionally,upregulated i NOS and increased NO–contributed to myoblast proliferation and fiber fusion,thereby facilitating overall myoblast maturation.These findings underscore the potential of MXene NPs loaded within highly aligned matrices as therapeutic agents to promote skeletal muscle tissue recovery.展开更多
The simultaneous investigation on the parameters affecting the flow of electrically conductive fluids such as volumetric radiation,heat absorption,heat generation,and magnetic field(MF)is very vital due to its existen...The simultaneous investigation on the parameters affecting the flow of electrically conductive fluids such as volumetric radiation,heat absorption,heat generation,and magnetic field(MF)is very vital due to its existence in various sectors of industry and engineering.The present research focuses on mathematical modeling to simulate the cooling of a hot component through power-law(PL)nanofluid convection flow.The temperature reduction of the hot component inside a two-dimensional(2D)inclined chamber with two different cold wall shapes is evaluated.The formulation of the problem is derived with the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)by code writing via the FORTRAN language.The variables such as the radiation parameter(0–1),the Hartmann number(0–75),the heat absorption/generation coefficient(−5–5),the fluid behavioral index(0.8–1.2),the Rayleigh number(103–105),the imposed MF angle(0°–90°),the chamber inclination angle(−90°–90°),and the cavity cold wall shape(smooth and curved)are investigated.The findings indicate that the presence of radiation increases the mean Nusselt number value for the shear-thickening,Newtonian,and shear thinning fluids by about 6.2%,4%,and 2%,respectively.In most cases,the presence of nanoparticles improves the heat transfer(HT)rate,especially in the cases where thermal conduction dominates convection.There is the lowest cooling performance index and MF effect for the cavity placed at an angle of 90°.The application in the design of electronic coolers and solar collectors is one of the practical cases of this numerical research.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition,especially in cases of delayed treatment.Computed tomography angiography(CTA)plays a pivotal role in the early identifica...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition,especially in cases of delayed treatment.Computed tomography angiography(CTA)plays a pivotal role in the early identification of upper and lower GIB and in the prompt treatment of the haemorrhage.AIM To determine whether a volumetric estimation of the extravasated contrast at CTA in GIB may be a predictor of subsequent positive angiographic findings.METHODS In this retrospective single-centre study,35 patients(22 men;median age 69 years;range 16-92 years)admitted to our institution for active GIB detected at CTA and further submitted to catheter angiography between January 2018 and February 2022 were enrolled.Twenty-three(65.7%)patients underwent endoscopy before CTA.Bleeding volumetry was evaluated in both arterial and venous phases via a semi-automated dedicated software.Bleeding rate was obtained from volume change between the two phases and standardised for unit time.Patients were divided into two groups,according to the angiographic signs and their concordance with CTA.RESULTS Upper bleeding accounted for 42.9%and lower GIB for 57.1%.Mean haemoglobin value at the admission was 7.7 g/dL.A concordance between positive CTA and direct angiographic bleeding signs was found in 19(54.3%)cases.Despite no significant differences in terms of bleeding volume in the arterial phase(0.55 mL vs 0.33 mL,P=0.35),a statistically significant volume increase in the venous phase was identified in the group of patients with positive angiography(2.06 mL vs 0.9 mL,P=0.02).In the latter patient group,a significant increase in bleeding rate was also detected(2.18 mL/min vs 0.19 mL/min,P=0.02).CONCLUSION In GIB of any origin,extravasated contrast volumetric analysis at CTA could be a predictor of positive angiography and may help in avoiding further unnecessary procedures.展开更多
The application of a thermoluminescent detector(TLD) for dose detection at the liver irradiation site in mice under linear accelerator precision radiotherapy and the use of a single high dose to irradiate the mouse li...The application of a thermoluminescent detector(TLD) for dose detection at the liver irradiation site in mice under linear accelerator precision radiotherapy and the use of a single high dose to irradiate the mouse liver to construct a biological model of a radiation-induced liver injury(RILD) in mice were to determine the feasibility of constructing a precision radiotherapy model in small animals under a linear accelerator. A 360° arc volumetric rotational intensity-modulated radiotherapy(VMAT) plan with a prescribed dose of 2 Gy was developed for the planned target volume(PTV) at the location of the TLD within solid water to compare the difference between the measured dose of TLD and the assessed parameters in the TPS system. The TLD was implanted in the livers of mice, and VMAT was planned based on TLD to compare the measured and prescribed doses. C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into control and 25-Gy radiation groups and were examined daily for changes in body weight. They were euthanized at 3 and 10 weeks after radiation, and the levels of liver serum enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were measured to observe any pathological histological changes in the irradiated areas of the mouse liver. The measured values of solid underwater TLD were within ± 3% of the Dmean value of the evaluation parameter in the TPS system. The mice in the 25-Gy radiation group demonstrated pathological signs of radiation-induced liver injury at the site of liver irradiation. The deviation in the measured and prescribed doses of TLD in the mouse liver ranged from-1.5 to 6%;construction of an accurate model of RILD using the VMAT technique under a linear accelerator is feasible.展开更多
·AIM:To evaluate visual outcomes and changes in fluid after administering monthly anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)injections to treat neovascular agerelated macular degeneration(n AMD)with subretinal...·AIM:To evaluate visual outcomes and changes in fluid after administering monthly anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)injections to treat neovascular agerelated macular degeneration(n AMD)with subretinal fluid(SRF)and pigment epithelial detachment(PED).·METHODS:This prospective study included eyes with n AMD previously treated with as-needed anti-VEGF injections.The patients were treated with six monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab.Quantitative volumetric segmentation analyses of the SRF and PED were performed.The main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),and SRF and PED volumes.·RESULTS:Twenty eyes of 20 patients were included in this study.At the 6-month follow-up,BCVA and PED volume did not change significantly(P=0.110 and 0.999,respectively)but the mean SRF volume decreased from 0.53±0.82 mm3 at baseline to 0.08±0.23 mm3(P=0.002).The absorption rate of the SRF volume was negatively correlated with the duration of previous antiVEGF treatment(P=0.029).Seven of the 20 eyes(35%)showed a fluid-free macula and significant improvement in BCVA(P=0.036)by month 6.·CONCLUSION:Quantifying the SRF can precisely determine the patient’s responsiveness to anti-VEGF treatment of n AMD.展开更多
Silicon nanowires(Si NWs)have been widely researched as the best alternative to graphite anodes for the next-generation of high-performance lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)owing to their high capacity and low discharge pot...Silicon nanowires(Si NWs)have been widely researched as the best alternative to graphite anodes for the next-generation of high-performance lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)owing to their high capacity and low discharge potential.However,growing binder-free Si NW anodes with adequate mass loading and stable capacity is severely limited by the low surface area of planar current collectors(CCs),and is particularly challenging to achieve on standard pure-Cu substrates due to the ubiquitous formation of Li+inactive silicide phases.Here,the growth of densely-interwoven In-seeded Si NWs is facilitated by a thin-film of copper-silicide(CS)network in situ grown on a Cu-foil,allowing for a thin active NW layer(<10μm thick)and high areal loading(≈1.04 mg/cm^(2))binder-free electrode architecture.The electrode exhibits an average Coulombic efficiency(CE)of>99.6%and stable performance for>900 cycles with≈88.7%capacity retention.More significantly,it delivers a volumetric capacity of≈1086.1 m A h/cm^(3)at 5C.The full-cell versus lithium manganese oxide(LMO)cathode delivers a capacity of≈1177.1 m A h/g at 1C with a stable rate capability.This electrode architecture represents significant advances toward the development of binder-free Si NW electrodes for LIB application.展开更多
A reasonable evaluation of unloading deformation characteristics is of great significance for the effective analysis of deformation and stability of surrounding rocks after underground excavation.In this study,the dam...A reasonable evaluation of unloading deformation characteristics is of great significance for the effective analysis of deformation and stability of surrounding rocks after underground excavation.In this study,the damage-controlled cyclic triaxial loading tests were conducted to investigate the pore compaction mechanism and its influences on the unloading deformation behavior of red sandstone,including Young’s modulus,Poisson’s ratio,volumetric strain,and irreversible strain.The experimental results show that the increases of volumetric and irreversible strains of rocks can be attributed to the compaction mechanism,which almost dominates the entire pre-peak deformation process.The unloading deformation consists of the reversible linear and nonlinear strains,and the irreversible strain under the influence of the porous grain structure.The pre-peak Young’s modulus tends to increase and then decrease due to the influence of the unloading irreversible strain.However,it hardly changes with the increasing volumetric strain compaction under the influence of reversible nonlinear strain.Instead,the initial unloading tangent modulus is highly related to the volumetric strain,and clearly reflects the compaction state of red sandstone.Furthermore,both the reversible nonlinear and irreversible unloading deformations are independent of confining pressure.This study is beneficial for the theoretical modeling and prediction of cyclic unloading deformation behavior of red sandstone.展开更多
Using goof as water storage space plays a vital role in the ecological environment and economic development of arid mining areas,while the rock strength and the stability of coal pillars in underground water reservoir...Using goof as water storage space plays a vital role in the ecological environment and economic development of arid mining areas,while the rock strength and the stability of coal pillars in underground water reservoirs are closely related to creep process.In this work,triaxial creep-seepage tests were conducted for coal samples to develop new insights into the creep behavior and permeability evolution.The results showed that the creep deformation and permeability evolution of coal samples exhibit three stages,namely,the compaction hardening stage before the stress threshold,volumetric compaction stage,and volumetric dilatancy stage.The coal permeability decreases first and then increases with the creep strain and it is well correlated with the variation of volumetric strain.展开更多
Lattice structures with excellent physical properties have attracted great research interest.In this paper,a novel volume parametric modeling method based on the skeleton model is proposed for the construction of thre...Lattice structures with excellent physical properties have attracted great research interest.In this paper,a novel volume parametric modeling method based on the skeleton model is proposed for the construction of threedimensional lattice structures.The skeleton model is divided into three types of nodes.And the corresponding algorithms are utilized to construct diverse types of volume parametric nodes.The unit-cell is assembled with distinct nodes according to the geometric features.The final lattice structure is created by the periodic arrangement of unit-cells.Several different types of volume parametric lattice structures are constructed to prove the stability and applicability of the proposed method.The quality is assessed in terms of the value of the Jacobian matrix.Moreover,the volume parametric lattice structures are tested with the isogeometric analysis to verify the feasibility of integration of modeling and simulation.展开更多
The volumetric imaging of two-photon microscopy expands the focal depth and improves the throughput,which has unparalleled superiority for three-dimension samples,especially in neuroscience.However,emerging in volumet...The volumetric imaging of two-photon microscopy expands the focal depth and improves the throughput,which has unparalleled superiority for three-dimension samples,especially in neuroscience.However,emerging in volumetric imaging is still largely customized,which limits the integration with commercial two-photon systems.Here,we analyzed the key parameters that modulate the focal depth and lateral resolution of polarized annular imaging and proposed a volumetric imaging module that can be directly integrated into commercial two-photon systems using conventional optical elements.This design incorporates the beam diameter adjustment settings of commercial two-photon systems,allowing flexibility to adjust the depth of focus while maintaining the same lateral resolution.Further,the depth range and lateral resolution of the design were verified,and the imaging throughput was demonstrated by an increase in the number of imaging neurons in the awake mouse cerebral cortex.展开更多
Single-cell volumetric imaging is essential for researching individual characteristics of cells.As a nonscanning imaging technique,lighteld microscopy(LFM)is a critical tool to achieve realtime three-dimensional imagi...Single-cell volumetric imaging is essential for researching individual characteristics of cells.As a nonscanning imaging technique,lighteld microscopy(LFM)is a critical tool to achieve realtime three-dimensional imaging with the advantage of single-shot.To address the inherent limits including nonuniform resolution and block-wise artifacts,various modied LFM strategies have been developed to provide new insights into the structural and functional information of cells.This review will introduce the principle and development of LFM,discuss the improved approaches based on hardware designs and 3D reconstruction algorithms,and present the applications in single-cell imaging.展开更多
Lithium primary batteries are widely used in various fields where high energy densities and long storage times are in demand.However,studies on lithium primary batteries are currently focused on the gravimetric energy...Lithium primary batteries are widely used in various fields where high energy densities and long storage times are in demand.However,studies on lithium primary batteries are currently focused on the gravimetric energy densities of active materials and rarely account for the volumetric energy requirements of unmanned devices.Herein,CuF_(2)/CF_(x) composites are prepared via planetary ball milling(PBM)to improve the volumetric energy densities of lithium primary batteries using the high mass density of CuF_(2),achieving a maximum volumetric energy density of 4163.40 Wh L^(-1).The CuF_(2)/CF_(x) hybrid cathodes exhibit three distinct discharge plateaus rather than simple combinations of the discharge curves of their components.This phenomenon is caused by charge redistribution and lattice modulation on the contact surfaces of CuF_(2) and CF_(x) during PBM,which change the valence state of Cu and modify the electronic structures of the composites.As a result,CuF_(2)/CF_(x) hybrid cathodes exhibit unique discharge behaviors and improved rate capabilities,delivering a maximum power density of 11.16 kW kg^(-1)(25.56 kW L^(-1)).Therefore,it is a promising strategy to further improve the comprehensive performance of lithium primary batteries through the use of interfacial optimization among different fluoride cathodes.展开更多
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776122).
文摘Due to a prolonged operation time and low mass transfer efficiency, the primary challenge in the aeration process of non-Newtonian fluids is the high energy consumption, which is closely related to the form and rate of impeller, ventilation, rheological properties and bubble morphology in the reactor. In this perspective, through optimal computational fluid dynamics models and experiments, the relationship between power consumption, volumetric mass transfer rate(kLa) and initial bubble size(d0) was constructed to establish an efficient operation mode for the aeration process of non-Newtonian fluids. It was found that reducing the d0could significantly increase the oxygen mass transfer rate, resulting in an obvious decrease in the ventilation volume and impeller speed. When d0was regulated within 2-5 mm,an optimal kLa could be achieved, and 21% of power consumption could be saved, compared to the case of bubbles with a diameter of 10 mm.
基金supported as part of the Center for Hierarchical Waste Form Materials,an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Basic Energy Sciences under Award No.DE-SC0016574.
文摘Porous materials present significant advantages for absorbing radioactive isotopes in nuclear waste streams.To improve absorption efficiency in nuclear waste treatment,a thorough understanding of the diffusion-advection process within porous structures is essential for material design.In this study,we present advancements in the volumetric lattice Boltzmann method(VLBM)for modeling and simulating pore-scale diffusion-advection of radioactive isotopes within geopolymer porous structures.These structures are created using the phase field method(PFM)to precisely control pore architectures.In our VLBM approach,we introduce a concentration field of an isotope seamlessly coupled with the velocity field and solve it by the time evolution of its particle population function.To address the computational intensity inherent in the coupled lattice Boltzmann equations for velocity and concentration fields,we implement graphics processing unit(GPU)parallelization.Validation of the developed model involves examining the flow and diffusion fields in porous structures.Remarkably,good agreement is observed for both the velocity field from VLBM and multiphysics object-oriented simulation environment(MOOSE),and the concentration field from VLBM and the finite difference method(FDM).Furthermore,we investigate the effects of background flow,species diffusivity,and porosity on the diffusion-advection behavior by varying the background flow velocity,diffusion coefficient,and pore volume fraction,respectively.Notably,all three parameters exert an influence on the diffusion-advection process.Increased background flow and diffusivity markedly accelerate the process due to increased advection intensity and enhanced diffusion capability,respectively.Conversely,increasing the porosity has a less significant effect,causing a slight slowdown of the diffusion-advection process due to the expanded pore volume.This comprehensive parametric study provides valuable insights into the kinetics of isotope uptake in porous structures,facilitating the development of porous materials for nuclear waste treatment applications.
基金supported by the Qingdao Natural Science Foundation(No.23-2-1-54-zyyd-jch)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42076217,41976074)+1 种基金the Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ202203506)the Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education,Tongji University(No.KLE-TJGE-G2202).
文摘The safe and efficient development of natural gas hydrate requires a deep understanding of the deformation behaviors of reservoirs.In this study,a series of triaxial shearing tests are carried out to investigate the deformation properties of hydrate-bearing sediments.Variations of volumetric and lateral strains versus hydrate saturation are analyzed comprehensively.Results indicate that the sediments with high hydrate saturation show dilative behaviors,which lead to strain-softening characteristics during shearing.The volumetric strain curves have a tendency to transform gradually from dilatation to compression with the increase in effective confining pressure.An easy prediction model is proposed to describe the relationship between volumetric and axial strains.The model coefficientβis the key dominating factor for the shape of volumetric strain curves and can be determined by the hydrate saturation and stress state.Moreover,a modified model is established for the calculation of lateral strain.The corresponding determination method is provided for the easy estimation of model coefficients for medium sand sediments containing hydrate.This study provides a theoretical and experimental reference for deformation estimation in natural gas hydrate development.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation(CBET 1751554)the National Institutes of Health,the Arkansas Integrative Metabolic Research Center(5P20GM139768-02)the Arkansas Biosciences Institute.Any opinions,-ndings,and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the acknowledged funding agencies.
文摘Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).NADH is autofluorescent,and itsfluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living cells.Fiber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting(TCSPC)equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo,enabling investigation of changing metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue regeneration.This study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based,minimally-invasive NADHfluorescence lifetime measurement in vivo.Volumetric muscle loss(VML)injuries were created in the left tibialis anterior(TA)muscle of male Sprague Dawley rats.NADH lifetime measurements were collected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the injured and uninjured TA muscles,which was subsequently-t to a biexponential decay model to yield a metric of NADH utilization(cytoplasmic vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninjured muscle compared to muscle at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contracting and recovering muscle,indicating increased rates of glycolysis.In injured muscle,this ratio was higher than uninjured muscle overall but decreased over time,which is consistent with current knowledge of inflammatory response to injury,suggesting tissue regeneration has occurred.These data suggest that-ber-coupled TCSPC has the potential to measure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.
基金This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23B20151 and 52171253).
文摘Owing to the complex lithology of unconventional reservoirs,field interpreters usually need to provide a basis for interpretation using logging simulation models.Among the various detection tools that use nuclear sources,the detector response can reflect various types of information of the medium.The Monte Carlo method is one of the primary methods used to obtain nuclear detection responses in complex environments.However,this requires a computational process with extensive random sampling,consumes considerable resources,and does not provide real-time response results.Therefore,a novel fast forward computational method(FFCM)for nuclear measurement that uses volumetric detection constraints to rapidly calculate the detector response in various complex environments is proposed.First,the data library required for the FFCM is built by collecting the detection volume,detector counts,and flux sensitivity functions through a Monte Carlo simulation.Then,based on perturbation theory and the Rytov approximation,a model for the detector response is derived using the flux sensitivity function method and a one-group diffusion model.The environmental perturbation is constrained to optimize the model according to the tool structure and the impact of the formation and borehole within the effective detection volume.Finally,the method is applied to a neutron porosity tool for verification.In various complex simulation environments,the maximum relative error between the calculated porosity results of Monte Carlo and FFCM was 6.80%,with a rootmean-square error of 0.62 p.u.In field well applications,the formation porosity model obtained using FFCM was in good agreement with the model obtained by interpreters,which demonstrates the validity and accuracy of the proposed method.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51538001 and 51978019).
文摘This study focuses on the analytical prediction of subsurface settlement induced by shield tunnelling in sandy cobble stratum considering the volumetric deformation modes of the soil above the tunnel crown.A series of numerical analyses is performed to examine the effects of cover depth ratio(C/D),tunnel volume loss rate(h t)and volumetric block proportion(VBP)on the characteristics of subsurface settle-ment trough and soil volume loss.Considering the ground loss variation with depth,three modes are deduced from the volumetric deformation responses of the soil above the tunnel crown.Then,analytical solutions to predict subsurface settlement for each mode are presented using stochastic medium theory.The influences of C/D,h t and VBP on the key parameters(i.e.B and N)in the analytical expressions are discussed to determine the fitting formulae of B and N.Finally,the proposed analytical solutions are validated by the comparisons with the results of model test and numerical simulation.Results show that the fitting formulae provide a convenient and reliable way to evaluate the key parameters.Besides,the analytical solutions are reasonable and available in predicting the subsurface settlement induced by shield tunnelling in sandy cobble stratum.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42376222,U22A20581,and 42076069)Key Research and Development Program of Hainan Province(ZDYF2024GXJS002)China Geological Survey(DD20230402)。
文摘A detailed understanding of the distribution and potential of natural gas hydrate(NGHs)resources is crucial to fostering the industrialization of those resources in the South China Sea,where NGHs are abundant.In this study,this study analyzed the applicability of resource evaluation methods,including the volumetric,genesis,and analogy methods,and estimated NGHs resource potential in the South China Sea by using scientific resource evaluation methods based on the factors controlling the geological accumulation and the reservoir characteristics of NGHs.Furthermore,this study compared the evaluation results of NGHs resource evaluations in representative worldwise sea areas via rational analysis.The results of this study are as follows:(1)The gas hydrate accumulation in the South China Sea is characterized by multiple sources of gas supply,multi-channel migration,and extensive accumulation,which are significantly different from those of oil and gas and other unconventional resources.(2)The evaluation of gas hydrate resources in the South China Sea is a highly targeted,stratified,and multidisciplinary evaluation of geological resources under the framework of a multi-type gas hydrate resource evaluation system and focuses on the comprehensive utilization of multi-source heterogeneous data.(3)Global NGHs resources is n×10^(15)m^(3),while the NGHs resources in the South China Sea are estimated to be 10^(13)m^(3),which is comparable to the abundance of typical marine NGHs deposits in other parts of the world.In the South China Sea,the NGHs resources have a broad prospect and provide a substantial resource base for production tests and industrialization of NGHs.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean Government(the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT))(No.2021R1A2C2006013)the Bio&Medical Technology Development Program of the NRF funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00223591)the Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by the Korean government(the MSIT,the MOTIE,the Ministry of Health and Welfare,the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)(NTIS Number:9991006781,KMDF_PR_(2)0200901_0108)。
文摘Current therapeutic approaches for volumetric muscle loss(VML)face challenges due to limited graft availability and insufficient bioactivities.To overcome these limitations,tissue-engineered scaffolds have emerged as a promising alternative.In this study,we developed aligned ternary nanofibrous matrices comprised of poly(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)integrated with collagen and Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)MXene nanoparticles(NPs)(PCM matrices),and explored their myogenic potential for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration.The PCM matrices demonstrated favorable physicochemical properties,including structural uniformity,alignment,microporosity,and hydrophilicity.In vitro assays revealed that the PCM matrices promoted cellular behaviors and myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts.Moreover,in vivo experiments demonstrated enhanced muscle remodeling and recovery in mice treated with PCM matrices following VML injury.Mechanistic insights from next-generation sequencing revealed that MXene NPs facilitated protein and ion availability within PCM matrices,leading to elevated intracellular Ca^(2+)levels in myoblasts through the activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS)and serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1(SGK1),ultimately promoting myogenic differentiation via the m TOR-AKT pathway.Additionally,upregulated i NOS and increased NO–contributed to myoblast proliferation and fiber fusion,thereby facilitating overall myoblast maturation.These findings underscore the potential of MXene NPs loaded within highly aligned matrices as therapeutic agents to promote skeletal muscle tissue recovery.
文摘The simultaneous investigation on the parameters affecting the flow of electrically conductive fluids such as volumetric radiation,heat absorption,heat generation,and magnetic field(MF)is very vital due to its existence in various sectors of industry and engineering.The present research focuses on mathematical modeling to simulate the cooling of a hot component through power-law(PL)nanofluid convection flow.The temperature reduction of the hot component inside a two-dimensional(2D)inclined chamber with two different cold wall shapes is evaluated.The formulation of the problem is derived with the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)by code writing via the FORTRAN language.The variables such as the radiation parameter(0–1),the Hartmann number(0–75),the heat absorption/generation coefficient(−5–5),the fluid behavioral index(0.8–1.2),the Rayleigh number(103–105),the imposed MF angle(0°–90°),the chamber inclination angle(−90°–90°),and the cavity cold wall shape(smooth and curved)are investigated.The findings indicate that the presence of radiation increases the mean Nusselt number value for the shear-thickening,Newtonian,and shear thinning fluids by about 6.2%,4%,and 2%,respectively.In most cases,the presence of nanoparticles improves the heat transfer(HT)rate,especially in the cases where thermal conduction dominates convection.There is the lowest cooling performance index and MF effect for the cavity placed at an angle of 90°.The application in the design of electronic coolers and solar collectors is one of the practical cases of this numerical research.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition,especially in cases of delayed treatment.Computed tomography angiography(CTA)plays a pivotal role in the early identification of upper and lower GIB and in the prompt treatment of the haemorrhage.AIM To determine whether a volumetric estimation of the extravasated contrast at CTA in GIB may be a predictor of subsequent positive angiographic findings.METHODS In this retrospective single-centre study,35 patients(22 men;median age 69 years;range 16-92 years)admitted to our institution for active GIB detected at CTA and further submitted to catheter angiography between January 2018 and February 2022 were enrolled.Twenty-three(65.7%)patients underwent endoscopy before CTA.Bleeding volumetry was evaluated in both arterial and venous phases via a semi-automated dedicated software.Bleeding rate was obtained from volume change between the two phases and standardised for unit time.Patients were divided into two groups,according to the angiographic signs and their concordance with CTA.RESULTS Upper bleeding accounted for 42.9%and lower GIB for 57.1%.Mean haemoglobin value at the admission was 7.7 g/dL.A concordance between positive CTA and direct angiographic bleeding signs was found in 19(54.3%)cases.Despite no significant differences in terms of bleeding volume in the arterial phase(0.55 mL vs 0.33 mL,P=0.35),a statistically significant volume increase in the venous phase was identified in the group of patients with positive angiography(2.06 mL vs 0.9 mL,P=0.02).In the latter patient group,a significant increase in bleeding rate was also detected(2.18 mL/min vs 0.19 mL/min,P=0.02).CONCLUSION In GIB of any origin,extravasated contrast volumetric analysis at CTA could be a predictor of positive angiography and may help in avoiding further unnecessary procedures.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (No.2208085MA13)Wu Je Ping Medical Foundation (No.320.6750.2020-10-40)the Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province (No.202004J07020052)。
文摘The application of a thermoluminescent detector(TLD) for dose detection at the liver irradiation site in mice under linear accelerator precision radiotherapy and the use of a single high dose to irradiate the mouse liver to construct a biological model of a radiation-induced liver injury(RILD) in mice were to determine the feasibility of constructing a precision radiotherapy model in small animals under a linear accelerator. A 360° arc volumetric rotational intensity-modulated radiotherapy(VMAT) plan with a prescribed dose of 2 Gy was developed for the planned target volume(PTV) at the location of the TLD within solid water to compare the difference between the measured dose of TLD and the assessed parameters in the TPS system. The TLD was implanted in the livers of mice, and VMAT was planned based on TLD to compare the measured and prescribed doses. C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into control and 25-Gy radiation groups and were examined daily for changes in body weight. They were euthanized at 3 and 10 weeks after radiation, and the levels of liver serum enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) were measured to observe any pathological histological changes in the irradiated areas of the mouse liver. The measured values of solid underwater TLD were within ± 3% of the Dmean value of the evaluation parameter in the TPS system. The mice in the 25-Gy radiation group demonstrated pathological signs of radiation-induced liver injury at the site of liver irradiation. The deviation in the measured and prescribed doses of TLD in the mouse liver ranged from-1.5 to 6%;construction of an accurate model of RILD using the VMAT technique under a linear accelerator is feasible.
文摘·AIM:To evaluate visual outcomes and changes in fluid after administering monthly anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)injections to treat neovascular agerelated macular degeneration(n AMD)with subretinal fluid(SRF)and pigment epithelial detachment(PED).·METHODS:This prospective study included eyes with n AMD previously treated with as-needed anti-VEGF injections.The patients were treated with six monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab.Quantitative volumetric segmentation analyses of the SRF and PED were performed.The main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),and SRF and PED volumes.·RESULTS:Twenty eyes of 20 patients were included in this study.At the 6-month follow-up,BCVA and PED volume did not change significantly(P=0.110 and 0.999,respectively)but the mean SRF volume decreased from 0.53±0.82 mm3 at baseline to 0.08±0.23 mm3(P=0.002).The absorption rate of the SRF volume was negatively correlated with the duration of previous antiVEGF treatment(P=0.029).Seven of the 20 eyes(35%)showed a fluid-free macula and significant improvement in BCVA(P=0.036)by month 6.·CONCLUSION:Quantifying the SRF can precisely determine the patient’s responsiveness to anti-VEGF treatment of n AMD.
基金funded by the Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)under the Principal Investigator Program under contract No.11PI-1148,16/IA/4629 and SFI 16/M-ERA/3419funding under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program+7 种基金grant agreement No.814464 (Si-DRIVE project)IRCLA/2017/285 and SFI Research Centres AMBER,Ma REI and CONFIRM 12/RC/2302_P2,12/RC/2278_P2,and 16/RC/3918SFI for SIRG grant No.18/SIRG/5484support from the Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland through the Research Development and Demonstration Funding Program (Grant No.19/RDD/548)Enterprise Ireland through the Innovation Partnership Program (Grant No.IP 20190910)support from the SFI Research Centre Ma REI (award reference No.12/RC/2302_P2)support from the SFI Industry RD&I Fellowship Program (21/IRDIF/9876)the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship Grant (843621)。
文摘Silicon nanowires(Si NWs)have been widely researched as the best alternative to graphite anodes for the next-generation of high-performance lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)owing to their high capacity and low discharge potential.However,growing binder-free Si NW anodes with adequate mass loading and stable capacity is severely limited by the low surface area of planar current collectors(CCs),and is particularly challenging to achieve on standard pure-Cu substrates due to the ubiquitous formation of Li+inactive silicide phases.Here,the growth of densely-interwoven In-seeded Si NWs is facilitated by a thin-film of copper-silicide(CS)network in situ grown on a Cu-foil,allowing for a thin active NW layer(<10μm thick)and high areal loading(≈1.04 mg/cm^(2))binder-free electrode architecture.The electrode exhibits an average Coulombic efficiency(CE)of>99.6%and stable performance for>900 cycles with≈88.7%capacity retention.More significantly,it delivers a volumetric capacity of≈1086.1 m A h/cm^(3)at 5C.The full-cell versus lithium manganese oxide(LMO)cathode delivers a capacity of≈1177.1 m A h/g at 1C with a stable rate capability.This electrode architecture represents significant advances toward the development of binder-free Si NW electrodes for LIB application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52109135)the Key R&D Projects of Sichuan Province,China(Grant No.2022YFSY0007)the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China(Grant No.2019M653402).
文摘A reasonable evaluation of unloading deformation characteristics is of great significance for the effective analysis of deformation and stability of surrounding rocks after underground excavation.In this study,the damage-controlled cyclic triaxial loading tests were conducted to investigate the pore compaction mechanism and its influences on the unloading deformation behavior of red sandstone,including Young’s modulus,Poisson’s ratio,volumetric strain,and irreversible strain.The experimental results show that the increases of volumetric and irreversible strains of rocks can be attributed to the compaction mechanism,which almost dominates the entire pre-peak deformation process.The unloading deformation consists of the reversible linear and nonlinear strains,and the irreversible strain under the influence of the porous grain structure.The pre-peak Young’s modulus tends to increase and then decrease due to the influence of the unloading irreversible strain.However,it hardly changes with the increasing volumetric strain compaction under the influence of reversible nonlinear strain.Instead,the initial unloading tangent modulus is highly related to the volumetric strain,and clearly reflects the compaction state of red sandstone.Furthermore,both the reversible nonlinear and irreversible unloading deformations are independent of confining pressure.This study is beneficial for the theoretical modeling and prediction of cyclic unloading deformation behavior of red sandstone.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52009131)Open Funds of State Key Laboratory of Water Resource Protection and Utilization in Coal Mining(GJNY-20-113-05 and GJNY-20-113-04).
文摘Using goof as water storage space plays a vital role in the ecological environment and economic development of arid mining areas,while the rock strength and the stability of coal pillars in underground water reservoirs are closely related to creep process.In this work,triaxial creep-seepage tests were conducted for coal samples to develop new insights into the creep behavior and permeability evolution.The results showed that the creep deformation and permeability evolution of coal samples exhibit three stages,namely,the compaction hardening stage before the stress threshold,volumetric compaction stage,and volumetric dilatancy stage.The coal permeability decreases first and then increases with the creep strain and it is well correlated with the variation of volumetric strain.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52075340.
文摘Lattice structures with excellent physical properties have attracted great research interest.In this paper,a novel volume parametric modeling method based on the skeleton model is proposed for the construction of threedimensional lattice structures.The skeleton model is divided into three types of nodes.And the corresponding algorithms are utilized to construct diverse types of volume parametric nodes.The unit-cell is assembled with distinct nodes according to the geometric features.The final lattice structure is created by the periodic arrangement of unit-cells.Several different types of volume parametric lattice structures are constructed to prove the stability and applicability of the proposed method.The quality is assessed in terms of the value of the Jacobian matrix.Moreover,the volume parametric lattice structures are tested with the isogeometric analysis to verify the feasibility of integration of modeling and simulation.
基金supported by STI2030-Major Projects (2021ZD0201001 to H.G.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61890951 and 31871027 to W.Z.)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (HUST:2019KFYXMBZ011,2019KFYXMBZ039,2018KFYXMPT018,2019KFYXMBZ009 to H.G.)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS,2019-I2M-5-014 to H.G.)the director fund of the WNLO.
文摘The volumetric imaging of two-photon microscopy expands the focal depth and improves the throughput,which has unparalleled superiority for three-dimension samples,especially in neuroscience.However,emerging in volumetric imaging is still largely customized,which limits the integration with commercial two-photon systems.Here,we analyzed the key parameters that modulate the focal depth and lateral resolution of polarized annular imaging and proposed a volumetric imaging module that can be directly integrated into commercial two-photon systems using conventional optical elements.This design incorporates the beam diameter adjustment settings of commercial two-photon systems,allowing flexibility to adjust the depth of focus while maintaining the same lateral resolution.Further,the depth range and lateral resolution of the design were verified,and the imaging throughput was demonstrated by an increase in the number of imaging neurons in the awake mouse cerebral cortex.
基金This paper was supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation grants(JCYJ20200109115633343,JCYJ20210324123610030).
文摘Single-cell volumetric imaging is essential for researching individual characteristics of cells.As a nonscanning imaging technique,lighteld microscopy(LFM)is a critical tool to achieve realtime three-dimensional imaging with the advantage of single-shot.To address the inherent limits including nonuniform resolution and block-wise artifacts,various modied LFM strategies have been developed to provide new insights into the structural and functional information of cells.This review will introduce the principle and development of LFM,discuss the improved approaches based on hardware designs and 3D reconstruction algorithms,and present the applications in single-cell imaging.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFA0202302)the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51633007 and 52130303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51773147 and 51973151).
文摘Lithium primary batteries are widely used in various fields where high energy densities and long storage times are in demand.However,studies on lithium primary batteries are currently focused on the gravimetric energy densities of active materials and rarely account for the volumetric energy requirements of unmanned devices.Herein,CuF_(2)/CF_(x) composites are prepared via planetary ball milling(PBM)to improve the volumetric energy densities of lithium primary batteries using the high mass density of CuF_(2),achieving a maximum volumetric energy density of 4163.40 Wh L^(-1).The CuF_(2)/CF_(x) hybrid cathodes exhibit three distinct discharge plateaus rather than simple combinations of the discharge curves of their components.This phenomenon is caused by charge redistribution and lattice modulation on the contact surfaces of CuF_(2) and CF_(x) during PBM,which change the valence state of Cu and modify the electronic structures of the composites.As a result,CuF_(2)/CF_(x) hybrid cathodes exhibit unique discharge behaviors and improved rate capabilities,delivering a maximum power density of 11.16 kW kg^(-1)(25.56 kW L^(-1)).Therefore,it is a promising strategy to further improve the comprehensive performance of lithium primary batteries through the use of interfacial optimization among different fluoride cathodes.