Physical Models for Interactions Between Single Von Willebrand Factor A1 Domain and GPIbα

Von Willebrand Factor(VWF)is a concatameric glycoprotein that plays a key role in rapid hemostasis and thrombosis.VWF has different functional domains that can bind to various molecules such as collagen,hemostatic factorⅧ,integrin,and platelet glycoprotein lbα(GPlbα)to achieve multiple biological functions.During hemostasis,the A1 domain of VWF binds to GPIbαwhere platelets accumulate in the injured vascular endothelium.Due to forces generated by the hemodynamic gradient flow,the relations of bond-dissociation rates versus forces show that the lifetime of molecular bond has multiple states under the external force.We processed the experimental data of receptor-ligand in a single molecule obtained from optical tweezers by two different methods,including a Dudko-Hummer-Szabo equation,and another method combining force4ime history and force induced bond rupture.Then we used a recently developed physical equation regarding protein unfolding rate to fit our results.The lifetime of the bond between A1 and GPlbαobtained by the above mentioned two methods shows a'three-stage'change upon gradually increasing the external force.When the external force was below 8 pN,the lifetime of the bond deceased as the external force increased,which is a typical expression of a catch bond.The lifetime of the bond started to increase when the external force increased from 8 to 11 pN,and then decrease again when the external force increased to above 11 pN.Kim et al.used different processing methods and proposes a'flex-bond'model:the lifetime of the bond will decrease as the external force increases,then suddenly increase to a peak,and continue to decrease with the increase of force.A recently developed model based on the structural-elastic properties of molecules fits our data well,indicating that the bond formed by Al and GPlbαhas a catch-bond phenomenon in a certain interval of external forces,and a flex bond in other force intervals.In conclusion,A1-GPIbαbond will have a'slip-catch-slip'bond tendency.Our result provides a alternative understanding about the role of Al-GPlbαinteractions in the mechanism of hemostasis.

Schrödinger’s Cat Paradox Resolution Using GRW Collapse Model: Von Neumann Measurement Postulate Revisited

In his famous thought experiment, Schr?dinger (1935) imagined a cat that measures the value of a quantum mechanical observable with its life. Since Schr?dinger’s time, no any interpretations or modifications of quantum mechanics have been proposed which give clear unambiguous answers to the questions posed by Schr?dinger’s cat of how long superpositions last and when (or whether) they collapse? In this paper appropriate modification of quantum mechanics is proposed. We claim that canonical interpretation of the wave function is correct only when the supports of the wave functions and essentially overlap. When the wave functions and have separated supports (as in the case of the experiment that we are considering in this paper) we claim that canonical interpretation of the wave function is no longer valid for a such cat state. Possible solution of the Schr?dinger’s cat paradox is considered. We pointed out that the collapsed state of the cat always shows definite and predictable outcomes even if cat also consists of a superposition: .

基于混合von Mises-Fisher分布的双向对抗神经主题模型

主题模型作为一种文本分析工具,能够自动地从文本数据中挖掘潜在的主题或语义信息。然而,已有的主题模型常假设不适当的先验且难以利用外部语义知识提高主题的质量,导致主题一致性不足。针对这些局限,提出一种基于混合von Mises-Fisher(vMF)分布的双向对抗神经主题模型。该模型通过编码器执行主题推断,同时为向主题建模过程中引入外部语义知识,提出在生成器网络中将主题建模为词嵌入空间的混合vMF分布,判别器网络被训练用于识别真假样本。在4个公开文本语料的实验结果表明,与其他基准主题模型相比,所提模型获得了更高的主题一致性。此外,当基于提取的主题进行文本聚类实验时,所提模型有效提高了文本聚类的准确率。

Solutions of Impulsive Diffusion and Von-Foerster-Makendrick Models Using the B-Transform

In this paper we explore the possibility of using the scientific computing method to obtain the inverse B-Transform of Oyelami and Ale [1]. Using some suitable conditions and the symbolic programming method in Maple 15 we obtained the asymptotic expansion for the inverse B-transform then used the residue theorem to obtain solutions of Impulsive Diffusion and Von-Foerster-Makendrick models. The results obtained suggest that drugs that are needed for prophylactic or chemotherapeutic purposing the concentration must not be allowed to oscillate about the steady state. Drugs that are to be used for immunization should not oscillate at steady state in order to have long residue effect in the blood. From Von-Foerster-Makendrick model, we obtained the conditions for population of the specie to attain super saturation level through the “dying effect” phenomenon ([2-4]). We used this phenomenon to establish that the environment cannot accommodate the population of the specie anymore which mean that a catastrophic stage t* is reached that only the fittest can survive beyond this regime (i.e. t > t*) and that there would be sharp competition for food, shelter and waste disposal etc.

Von Karman模型三维大气紊流仿真理论与方法

基于三维紊流场相关函数矩阵,用蒙特卡罗法仿真生成Von Karman模型三维空间大气紊流场,实现了对复杂的Von Karman模型的精确推导和应用,仿真流场的相关特性在理论上可以任意逼近Von Karman理论模型.通过提高白噪声序列的白化程度及优化蒙特卡罗算法的方法提高了仿真精度和效率.数值仿真结果证明:所生成的空间大气紊流场符合模型特性,具有较好的统计特性和仿真精度,满足实时飞行仿真对紊流场数据的要求.

基于改进VonKarman模型的风力机来流三维风速模拟

为准确表征风力机来流的三维脉动风场,基于改进Von Karman模型,分别采用谐波叠加法(harmony superposition method,HSM)和自回归滑动平均法(auto-regressive moving-average,ARMA)对某33 k W水平轴风力机来流风况进行脉动风速模拟,并采用现有软件在同等参数下模拟结果与2种方法的对比。结果表明,HSM法所模拟出脉动风速的功率谱与目标谱更加吻合;3种方法自相关性都随时间增大而减小,其中ARMA法和软件模拟结果的自相关性较好;HSM法互相关系数极差值在8.49、11.31、19.80 m的间距上分别为0.764 9、0.580 7、0.438 7,其互相关系数随间距增大而减小,更符合实测结果。研究不仅可为不同风场随机来流条件下风力机气动计算提供依据,也可为近地面其他农业机械及工程设施的风荷载计算提供参考。

IV模型中变点检测的Cramer-Von Mises方法

目的研究IV模型中变点检测问题。方法基于加权残差部分和(Weighted-CUSUM)的Cramer-Von Mises检验统计量。结果证明了其在原假设和备择假设下的极限性质。结论该检验方法在特征量与跃度非正交性条件下,当δ=1/2具有非平凡势,而当0≤δ<1/2时,则是相合的。

基于弯剪梁模型和Von Karman风速谱的高层建筑风振系数实用算法

为使风振系数计算中采用的振型函数更符合高层建筑振型特点且易于计算,采用基于弯剪梁模型的高层建筑基本振型简化算式,同时采用Von Karman与高度有关的风速谱模型和Davenport与频率有关的空间相关性模型,建立高层建筑风振系数计算的实用算式,并通过算例与我国现行荷载规范中的风振系数算式进行比较。结果表明,该方法考虑了不同高层建筑振型的特点,既提高了计算精度,简单实用,又便于与国际主流荷载规范接轨。

Cold water swimming pretreatment reduces cognitive deficits in a rat model of traumatic brain injury

A moderate stress such as cold water swimming can raise the tolerance of the body to potentially injurious events. However, little is known about the mechanism of beneficial effects induced by moderate stress. In this study, we used a classic rat model of traumatic brain injury to test the hypothesis that cold water swimming preconditioning improved the recovery of cognitive functions and explored the mechanisms. Results showed that after traumatic brain injury, pre-conditioned rats（cold water swimming for 3 minutes at 4℃） spent a significantly higher percent of times in the goal quadrant of cold water swim, and escape latencies were shorter than for non-pretreated rats. The number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells was significantly higher in pre-conditioned rats than those without pretreatment at 0, 3, 6 and 24 hours after traumatic brain injury. Immunohistochemical staining and Von Willebrand factor staining demonstrated that the number of CD34~＋ stem cells and new blood vessels in the injured hippocampus tissue increased significantly in pre-conditioned rats. These data suggest that pretreatment with cold water swimming could promote the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells and angiogenesis in the peripheral blood and hippocampus. It also ameliorated cognitive deficits caused by experimental traumatic brain injury.

Hip Fracture Risk Assessment Based on Different Failure Criteria Using QCT-Based Finite Element Modeling

Precise evaluation of hip fracture risk leads to reduce hip fracture occurrence in individuals and assist to check the effect of a treatment.A subject-specific QCT-based finite element model is introduced to evaluate hip fracture risk using the strain energy,von-Mises stress,and von-Mises strain criteria during the single-leg stance and the sideways fall configurations.Choosing a proper failure criterion in hip fracture risk assessment is very important.The aim of this study is to define hip fracture risk index using the strain energy,von Mises stress,and von Mises strain criteria and compare the calculated fracture risk indices using these criteria at the critical regions of the femur.It is found that based on these criteria,the hip fracture risk at the femoral neck and the intertrochanteric region is higher than other parts of the femur,probably due to the larger amount of cancellous bone in these regions.The study results also show that the strain energy criterion gives more reasonable assessment of hip fracture risk based on the bone failure mechanism and the von-Mises strain criterion is more conservative than two other criteria and leads to higher estimate of hip fracture risk indices.

Finite Element Analysis of Von-Mises Stress Distribution in a Spherical Shell of Liquified Natural Gas (Lng) Pressure Vessels

This research work investigated the modeling of Von Mises stress in LNG Spherical Carbon Steel Storage tank using assumed displacement Finite Element analysis based on shallow shell triangular elements. Using equations of elasticity, constant thickness carbon steel spherical storage tanks were subjected to different loading conditions. This paper stresses the need for proper definition of shallow element using sector angles to obtain the shallowness. The shallow spherical triangular element has five degrees of freedom at each of its corner node, which are the essential external degrees of freedom. The assumed displacement fields of these shallow triangular elements satisfied the exact requirement of rigid body modes of motion. The FORTRAN 90 programming language was used for the programme coding to solve finite element equations resulting from the model while Von Mises stresses distribution within the spherical storage tank shell subjected to different internal pressures were determined. The results showed that the use of non-shallow elements due to improper sector angles resulted in unreliable results while real shallow elements produced results that tallied with ASME Section VIII Div 1, Part UG values.

Velocity profile of debris flow based on quadratic rheology model

The quadratic rheology model considers the yield stress,viscous stress,turbulent stress and disperse stress,so it is used in this study to derive the velocity profile of debris flows.The quadratic model with the parabolic eddy viscosity was numerically solved,and an analytical solution was derived for the quadratic model with a constant eddy viscosity.These two solutions were compared with the Arai-Takahashi model that excluded the viscous stress and the yield stress.The three models were tested by using 17 experiment cases of debris flows over rigid beds.The results prove that the quadratic model with parabolic and constant eddy viscosities is applicable to muddy and granular flows,whereas the Arai-Takahashi model tends to overestimate the flow velocity near the water surface if a plug-like layer exists.In addition,the von Karman constant and the zero-velocity elevation in the three models are related to sediment concentration.The von Karman constant decreases first and then increases as the sediment concentration increases.The zero-velocity elevation is below the bed surface,likely due to the invalidity of the non-slip boundary condition for the debris flows over fixed beds.

A Model for the Mass-Growth of Wild-Caught Fish

The paper searched for raw data about wild-caught fish, where a sigmoidal growth function described the mass growth significantly better than non-sigmoidal functions. Specifically, von Bertalanffy’s sigmoidal growth function (metabolic exponent-pair a = 2/3, b = 1) was compared with unbounded linear growth and with bounded exponential growth using the Akaike information criterion. Thereby the maximum likelihood fits were compared, assuming a lognormal distribution of mass (i.e. a higher variance for heavier animals). Starting from 70+ size-at-age data, the paper focused on 15 data coming from large datasets. Of them, six data with 400 - 20,000 data-points were suitable for sigmoidal growth modeling. For these, a custom-made optimization tool identified the best fitting growth function from the general von Bertalanffy-Pütter class of models. This class generalizes the well-known models of Verhulst (logistic growth), Gompertz and von Bertalanffy. Whereas the best-fitting models varied widely, their exponent-pairs displayed a remarkable pattern, as their difference was close to 1/3 (example: von Bertalanffy exponent-pair). This defined a new class of models, for which the paper provided a biological motivation that relates growth to food consumption.

Quantum phase transition and von Neumann entropy of quasiperiodic Hubbard chains

The half-filled Hubbard chains with the Fibonacci and Harper modulating site potentials are studied in a selfconsistent mean-field approximation. A new order parameter is introduced to describe a charge density order. We also calculate the von Neumann entropy of the ground state. The results show that the von Neumann entropy can identify a CDW/SDW （charge density wave/spin density wave） transition for quasiperiodic models.

Von Bertalanffy模型在基坑沉降中研究与应用

基坑沉降量与时间曲线关系,可以用Von Bertalanffy生长模型来描述。简单地叙述了Von Bertalanffy模型基本知识;然后用数学的方法证明了此生长模型符合S曲线的特性。结合工程实例和三段法、三点法原理,提出了适用于此模型的三段法和改进三点法。将两种方法预测的结果作比较。结果表明:两种曲线拟合度均大于0.99,并且两种方法都充分利用了全部数据。但三段法在前期预测时误差较大,改进三点法计算结果与实际值吻合度较好,且与实际的测量值误差较小,应用范围更广,为其他工程提供监测依据。

3D Model Simulating the Hydro-mechanical State of Unsaturated and Deformable Material during Hot air Drying

A three dimensional model to predict the hydro-mechanical state of unsaturated and deformable material during hot air drying has been proposed.The material viscoelastic behaviour was formulated using Bishop’s effective stress theory for partially saturated material using the liquid saturation as the Bishop parameter.The hydro-thermal and mechanical equations were coupled by the fluid pressure and the solid matter velocity.The model was applied to a deformable material(innovative clay-cellulose fibers composite)subjected to convective drying.A generalized Maxwell model with five elements,whose parameters were measured experimentally and correlated to water content was used to describe the material’s viscoelastic behavior.The hydro-thermal part of the proposed model was validated on the basis of a comparison of experimental and simulated drying rate curves.The Von Mises stress was simulated and compared to the experimental tensile strength in order to predict the time and the region of material failure.For a drying process at 95°C,the region of failure risk was identified.The failure may occur on the lateral surface of the slab in contact with air at a drying time of 2.5h.

预测油田累积产量的Von Bertalanffy数学模型

为准确预测油田开发过程中的累积产量,引入与油田的累积产量随时间变化的规律具有特点相似的Von Bertalanffy数学模型,推导建立了能够预测砂岩水驱油田累积产量随时间变化规律的新数学模型,根据巴夫雷油田的实际数据,求解所建立模型的各项参数,验证了所建立模型的正确性,并针对新疆石南31井区进行了实例应用。研究结果表明,本文所建立的预测油田累积产量的Von Bertalanffy数学模型取得了较精确的预测结果,尤其当油田开发的中后期,预测精度均高于Usher模型、Logistic模型及Gompertz模型。所建立模型计算简单,具有较好的适用性,可对油田的开发进行指导。

Estimation of Natural Gas Production,Import and Consumption in Brazil Based on Three Mathematical Models

A mathematical model capable of providing a forecast of future consumption and import of natural gas is essential for the planning of the Brazilian energy matrix. The aim of this study is to compare three mathematical models, logistic model or model of Verhulst, exponential model or the model of Malthus and the model of von Bertalanffy to analyze the possibilities of these models to describe the evolution of production, import and consumption of natural gas in Brazil, from data provided by the energy balance of the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME) from 1970 to 2009. A projection of the production and the import of natural gas up to 2017 is made with the models studied in this article and compared with the Brazilian Ten-Year Plan for Expansion of Energy (PDE). At the end of this paper a comparison with the Hubbert model for Brazilian natural gas production is made. These data were adjusted to use the differential equations which describe the models of population growth. All the computer work used in this article: graphics, resolution of differential equations, calculations of linearization and the least squares fitting was prepared in the software MatLab. The results obtained by means of graphs show that the population dynamics models (logistic, exponential and von Bertalanffy) can be applied in modeling the production, import and consumption of natural gas in Brazil.

Finite Element Modeling of Shop Built Spherical Pressure Vessels

This work builds on an earlier work done which used global coordinates where a large number of elements were needed to form a convergence of results for shop built spherical pressure vessels. In this work area coordinates were used. Any action that leads to an inability on the part of a structure to function as intended is known as failure. This research, therefore, investigates stresses developed in a shop built carbon steel spherical storage vessels using finite element approach as the analytical tool. 3-D finite element modeling using 3-node shallow triangular element with five degrees of freedom at each node is employed. These five degrees of freedom are the essential nodal degrees of freedom without the sixth in-plane rotation. The resulting equations from finite element analysis are coded using FORTRAN 90 computer programme. Spherical storage vessels are subjected to various internal loading pressures while nodal displacements, strains and the corresponding maximum Von-mises stresses are determined. The calculated maximum Vonmises stresses are compared with the yield strength of the shell plate material. Using specified safety factor, safety internal pressures with the corresponding shell thicknesses for shop built spherical pressure vessels are determined. The finite element modeling carried out in this research can be used to predict in-service stresses, strains, and deformations of shop built spherical pressure vessels using Von-mises yield stress as the failure criteria. The results obtained were validated by analytical method and it showed there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) with values obtained through analytical method.

硬刺高原鳅生长特性的模型分析与比较研究

本研究通过对2022、2023年在黄河干流甘肃、宁夏段采集的274个硬刺高原鳅样本进行分析,旨在深入理解其生长特性,并丰富硬刺高原鳅的生物学研究内容。研究采用Von Bertalanffy生长方程(VBGF)、逻辑斯谛生长方程(Logistic GF)、Gompertz生长方程和幂指数生长方程对样本进行生长模拟,使用最大似然法估算模型参数,并依据AIC准则(Akaike Information Criterion)评估各模型的拟合效果,选择最佳模型,分析硬刺高原鳅的年龄组成及其生长特性。结果显示,VBGF生长方程(AIC值:63.74)为硬刺高原鳅的最适生长模型,其次为Gompertz生长方程(AIC值:64.11)、幂指数生长方程(AIC值:64.12),拟合效果最差的为Logistic生长方程(AIC值:65.05),其中硬刺高原鳅全长VBGF生长方程为:L_(t)=28.986·[1-e^(-0.097·(t_(1)+1.258))];体质量生长方程为:W_(t)=194.721·[1-e^(-0.097·(t_(1)+1.258))]^(2.9889)。研究结果可为硬刺高原鳅资源保护提供科学依据。