Electromagnetic field of a relativistic electron vortex beam

Electron vortex beams(EVBs)have potential applications in nanoscale magnetic probes of condensed matter and nanoparticle manipulation as well as radiation physics.Recently,a relativistic electron vortex beam(REVB)has been proposed[Phys.Rev.Lett.107174802(2011)].Compared with EVBs,except for orbital angular momentum,an REVB has intrinsic relativistic effect,i.e.,spin angular momentum and spin-orbit coupling.We study the electromagnetic field of an REVB analytically.We show that the electromagnetic field can be separated into two parts,one is only related to orbital quantum number,and the other is related to spin-orbit coupling effect.Exploiting this separation property,the difference between the electromagnetic fields of the REVB in spin-up and spin-down states can be used as a demonstration of the relativistic quantum effect.The linear momentum and angular momentum of the generated electromagnetic field have been further studied and it is shown that the linear momentum is weakly dependent on the spin state;while the angular momentum is evidently dependent on the spin state and linearly increases with the topological charge of electron vortex beam.The electromagnetic and mechanical properties of the REVB could be useful for studying the interaction between REVBs and materials.

Study of vortex in flow fields induced by surface dielectric barrier discharge actuator at low pressure based on Q criterion

Flow fields induced by a surface dielectric barrier discharge actuator at low pressure of 7 kPa are measured by particle image velocimetry. The distribution of local vortices in the flow field is revealed by the Q criterion. The reason for the generation of vortices is analyzed and the influence of pulse frequency and duty cycle on vortices is studied. The results show that the Q criterion can reveal the small-scale vortices, which cannot be indicated by the streamline. The direction transition zone where the induced jet moves from the vertical to the tangential and the shear layer between the jet and stationary air are prone to the generation of strong vortices. The influence of pulse frequency on vortices is not obvious, but the variation of duty cycle can significantly affect the strength and distribution of vortices.

A Study on the Dynamic Mechanism of the Formation of Mesoscale Vortex in Col Field

The mesoscale vortex associated with a mesoscale low-level jet （mLLJ） usually causes heavy rainfall in the col field. The col field is defined as a region between two highs and two lows, with the isobaric surface similar to a col. Using a two-dimensional shallow water model, the meso-β scale vortex couplets （MβVCs） induced by eight types of mesoscale wind perturbations in an ideal col field were numerically simulated. With the sizes of -100 km, the MβVCs induced by northerly perturbation （NP） and southerly perturbation （SP） moved toward the col point. The sizes of MβVCs induced by southwesterly perturbation （SWP）, southeasterly perturbation （SEP）, northwesterly perturbation （NWP）, and northeasterly perturbation （NEP） were relatively small for the perturbations moving toward dilatation axis. The MβVC induced by easterly perturbation （EP） and westerly perturbation （WP） could not develop because they quickly moved away from the col point, before the circulation could form. The size of the circulation was determined by the distance between the vortex and the col point. The closer to the col point the vortex was, the larger the size of vortex. The comparisons of maximum vorticity and vorticity root mean square error （RMSE） of the NP, the SWP, and the WP show that the maximum vorticity and the vorticity RMSE of the NP decreased slower than other perturbations. Therefore, the weak environment of the col field favors the maintenance of vorticity and the formation of vortex. When a mesoscale vortex forms near the col point or moves toward the col point, it may maintain a quasitationary state in the stable col field.

Characterizing and Analyzing the Airflow Field inside the Nozzle Block of Murata Vortex Spinning

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model is developed by software Fluent 6.2, to simulate the flow field inside the nozzle block of the Murata vortex spinning. The flowing state and the distribution law of static pressure and velocity are characterized and analyzed. The relationship between the flowing state and the structure of the vortex spun yarn is also discussed. The research results can enhance the understanding of the yarn formation principle from viewpoint of the airflow field law inside the nozzle block of Murata vortex spinning.

Polarization singularities in near-field of Gaussian vortex beam diffracted by a circular aperture

Polarization singularities in the near-field of Gaussian vortex beams diffracted by a circular aperture are studied by a rigorous electromagnetic theory. It is shown that there exist C-points and L-lines, which depend on off-axis displacement parameters along the x and y directions, waist width, wavelength, and topological charge of the diffracted Gaussian vortex beam, as well as on propagation distance. The results are illustrated by numerical calculations.

Study correlation vortices in the near-field of partially coherent vortex beams diffracted by an aperture

We have derived the analytical expression of the electric cross-spectral density in the near- field of partially coherent vortex beams diffracted by an aperture. Taking the Caussian Schell-model vortex beam as a typical example of partially coherent vortex beams, the spatial correlation properties and correlation vortices in the near-field of partially coherent vortex beams diffracted by a rectangle aperture are studied. It is shown that the off-axis displacement, spatial degree of coherence parameter, propagation distance, and the opening factor of the aperture affect the spectral degree of coherence and positions of correlation vortices. With the optimization algorithm, we obtain the symmetric distributing coherent vortex.

Analytical Solution of the Flow Field Induced by the Uniformly Moving Double Helical Vortex Filaments

The analytical expressions was deduced for the inviscid flow field induced by the double vortex filaments that move uniformly and rigidly without change of its form in a cylindrical tube, where the vortex filaments rotate around its axial with a constant angular velocity and translates along its axial with a constant transferal velocity. It is a key of solving problem to set up a moving cylindrical coordinate system together with the vortex filaments motion, in which the relative velocity field is presumed to be time-independent and with helical symmetry. The result shows that the absolute velocity field and pressure field are all time-periodic functions, and may degenerate into a time-independent field when the helical vortex filaments slip along the filaments themselves or is immobile. The calculation results at the location of pressure peaks and valleys on pipe wall are accordant with experimental results. When the cylindrical pipe radius tends to infinitely large quantity, it is also concluded that the double helical vortex filaments induce flow field in an unbound space.

Calculation of the Centrally Symmetric and Vortex Forces Acting on Momentum in Distortion Tensor Field: Explanation of High-Temperature Plasma and Vortex Motions

The paper deals with calculation of the centrally symmetric and vortex forces for the momentum of a particle in the distortion tensor field from the action minimum, by analogy with the calculation of forces for a charge in an electromagnetic field. It is demonstrated that: 1) The compensating interaction tensor corresponds to the distortion tensor in a solid. 2) The centrally symmetric force of the distortion tensor acts on the momentum as a charge, and is analogous to the Coulomb force. In a gas, it results in change in the momentum value of the molecules exponentially to some extent. The action of this force explains the high-temperature plasma in the gas. 3) The vortex force of the distortion tensor is equivalent to the Peach-Koehler force in a solid. It acts on the momentum flow, similar to the Lorentz magnetic force, and explains the vortex motions in space, in the form of “black holes”, and in the atmosphere, in the form of cyclones and anticyclones.

基于激光雷达探测的飞机尾流融合预测方法

为提高基于激光雷达的飞机尾流探测反演精度,根据扫描出的径向风速数据,建立了基于Kolmogorov结构函数的大气背景湍流耗散率(EDR)估计方法;然后基于两阶段消散预测模型,计入湍流对尾流消散过程的影响,实现基于历史探测数据的尾涡强度环量和涡核运动趋势的预测;通过环境探测数据与预测模型的结合,提高尾涡特性参数的反演精度。研究表明,相较于反演算法,采用本文模型预测的尾涡轨迹在径向距离和角度的精度上分别提高了59.5%、64.8%。

基于半解析涡环模型的农用单旋翼直升机流场快速计算

农业航空领域中,定量获取风场(流场)速度分布对单旋翼直升机辅助授粉作业、农药施用效率提升具有重要意义。基于此提出一种半解析理论方法能够快速完整计算单旋翼流场速度。以涡环模型为基础,将农用直升机旋转桨盘下的尾涡系等效为涡环连续叠加所形成的圆柱涡面,再由涡环速度诱导公式半解析计算直升机旋翼空间各点速度。理论模型与仿真和文献试验数据比较,结果表明:涡环模型简单快速,普通计算机(CPU 2 GHz,内存2 GB)上2.8 s完成计算;悬停时与计算流体力学仿真结果下洗速度径向平均误差小于1.9 m/s,平均相对误差小于39.1%,轴向平均误差小于2.26 m/s,平均相对误差小于54.6%;悬停时,诱速从中央往桨尖递增;前飞时,平飞速度越大诱速越小;流场主要影响因素依次为前飞速度、旋翼半径、飞机总重、空气密度。为定量计算农用直升机旋翼风场、辅助授粉作业和田间施药喷头布置提供一种快速方法和参考。

波流环境中多孔射流三维数值模拟

建立了波流环境中多孔射流的三维大涡数学模型,探讨了波流共同作用下多孔射流的扩散和稀释机制,分析了孔间距对双孔射流、射流与环境水体相互作用的影响,并给出了最优相对孔间距。模拟结果表明:在波谷相位时刻,由于横流与波浪相互作用强烈,流场内的三维涡旋结构丰富、尺度较大、数目众多,有利于射流与环境水体、射流与射流之间的掺混,这是波流环境比单一横流环境中多孔射流运动扩散效果更佳的主要原因;随着孔间距的增大,双孔射流之间的相互作用慢慢削弱,而射流与环境水体之间的相互作用却在不断增强;双孔射流在孔间距为7.0倍管口直径时扩散效果最好。

一次冷涡背景下次天气尺度系统对强对流环境场的影响

在同一东北冷涡背景下,2016年6月12—13日山西境内连续2 d出现强对流天气,12日为分散性对流而13日为大范围强对流。基于多源资料通过对比探讨次天气尺度系统及其演变对风暴环境进而对风暴结构的影响,得出以下结论:(1)两日风暴强度和风暴结构差异显著。6月12日对流孤立分散且回波强度小于55 dBZ,而13日准线性风暴发展成尺度较大的弓形回波引发大范围强对流天气,回波强度达60 dBZ。(2)此次过程的关键影响系统为冷涡背景下的次天气尺度低涡。12日次天气尺度低压扰动开始出现,距离远而未影响山西;13日低压扰动东移发展为次天气尺度切断低涡,低涡相关的地面冷锋及850 hPa切变线触发山西上游对流。(3)12日低层水汽含量低,0~3 km垂直风切变弱,13日低涡前偏南水汽输送使低层显著增湿,叠加中层干冷空气形成不稳定层结,受低涡影响0~3 km风垂直切变增强至5.0×10-3s-1,冷锋触发的对流风暴在上述环境下强烈发展并产生阵风锋,阵风锋组织风暴形成飑线,冷池与0~3 km风切变相互作用使飑线维持。(4)13日有利于飑线发展的环境要素与东北冷涡西侧的次天气尺度切断低涡系统密切相关,次天气尺度低涡是飑线形成发展的关键系统。

基于客观λ_(2)方法的海洋三维涡旋核心线提取

涡旋核心线是海洋中尺度涡旋结构的重要组成要素,涡旋核心线提取和可视化对于切入中尺度涡三维结构研究、开展海洋垂直物质能量运输分析具有重要意义。本文基于客观参考框架和λ_(2)准则,提出了使用客观化的流场参数得到λ_(2)区域,并提取其山谷线作为涡旋核心线的方法,实现了对海洋三维结构中尺度涡旋核心线的提取和可视化。首先,引入了最优局部参考系,使得速度、速度梯度等测度成为在变化的参考系下保持不变的客观量,提升了在海洋科学实践中的可靠性和实用性;其次,针对含有垂向速度的海洋三维流场数据,计算其空间雅可比矩阵,展示了涡旋核心区域的三维结构,实现了海洋涡旋研究从二维到三维的提升;最后,分别在多个半径大小播撒流线种子点,分析不同旋转方向的涡旋,对已提取的涡旋核心线实验结果进行验证,证明了客观λ_(2)海洋三维涡旋核心线提取方法的有效性及可行性。

C_3-Symmetric Molecules with Axial Chirality and Handed Arrangement of Dipole Fields

Introduction Chirality is defined as the absence of inversion symmetry,however,it is actually a pseudo-scalar of objects or figures,and does not depend for its definition on any connection to the physical world[1-5]. Logically,chiral molecules may possess other inherent physical quantity that guarantees the connection to the physical world[6,7].

动力电池测试用高低温试验箱温度场分析与流场模拟优化

以试验区置有两个动力电池的294 L高低温试验箱作为研究对象,通过CFD模拟了高低温试验箱恒温45℃时箱内电池的温升和散热情况,并对高低温试验箱的流场进行优化。结果表明:对于同侧上送风下回风的气流组织形式,在试验区上部放置多孔板进行孔板送风有助于提高流场均匀性;两个动力电池之间会出现涡旋现象,通过增加置物架与内箱底部的间距、适当增大回风口截面积均能减轻甚至消除涡旋现象,提高流场均匀性,当置物架与内箱底部的间距增至0.2 m,回风截面的高度增至0.15 m后,试验箱流场的整体不均匀度由1.73降至0.4,电池间的涡旋现象消失。

风电机组高塔一阶涡激振动特性研究

针对风力发电机组钢制高塔的涡激振动问题,采用固体-流体相结合的仿真方法对停机状态的塔架一阶涡激振动特性进行研究。首先以某2.5 MW、140 m高塔机组为研究对象,建立塔架-叶片耦合结构仿真模型,利用模态和CFD仿真分析塔架一阶涡激振动的共振频率和共振风速范围,表明该风电机组塔架存在发生一阶涡激振动的风险;然后提出一种基于固体-流体迭代快速仿真一阶涡激振动最大位移计算方法,考虑叶片对塔架涡激振动的耦合作用,得到最大振动位移。现场测试表明实测最大一阶涡激振动位移与仿真结果基本相符,验证了该仿真方法的准确性。

两相出口对轴向涡流分离器的影响研究

为了更好地预测分离器的分离效率和设计出更高效的分离器,应进一步了解其内部流场分布特性及不同结构参数对内部流场的影响。为此,采用Fluent软件对轴向涡流分离器内部流场分布特性和分离器两相出口结构对内部流场及分离性能的影响展开研究。研究结果表明:当水相出口直径增加到40 mm时,轴向涡流分离器水相出口处会形成一个低速回流区域,可通过减小管径收缩程度等方法来缓解该现象的影响;在其他结构参数不变的情况下,分离器的分离效率是关于雷诺数和两相出口与入口直径之比的函数;分离效率正比于油相出口与入口直径之比,与雷诺数、水相出口与入口直径之比均为二次函数关系。研究结论可为进一步优化轴向涡流分离器的分离性能提供理论参考。

离心泵内部流态分析与试验验证

分析叶轮前端配置空间导叶的离心式泵流动特性。借助计算流体力学(CFD)软件,采用S-A湍流模型与N-S方程进行封闭计算,计算泵内流道湍流场。分析表明:随进水流速增加,泵叶片工作面及背面压差梯度递减;叶片流道空间位置存在“涡流”,其位置与进水流速无关;流量增大,过流通道内切向速度梯度减小。研究表明:针对离心泵内部复杂三维流动及水力性能进行预测的数值模拟分析可靠。

不同年龄段中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者患眼与对侧眼的影像学特征

目的:观察不同年龄段中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSC)患者患眼及其无症状对侧眼的影像学特征。方法:回顾性研究。选取2023-04/09在我院眼科确诊的CSC患者76例88眼及单眼CSC患者无症状对侧眼35例35眼纳入研究。根据年龄分为中青年组(<40岁)、中年组(40-50岁)和中老年组(>50岁),观察不同年龄段CSC患者患眼及其无症状对侧眼的影像学特征。结果:中青年组患者患眼中心凹下脉络膜厚度(SFCT)(487.30±83.33μm)明显大于中年组(414.17±96.02μm,P<0.05)和中老年组(409.4±107.42μm,P<0.05)。中老年组患者患眼脉络膜新生血管(CNV)发生率明显高于中年组(P<0.0167)。中青年组患者对侧眼SFCT(511.29±40.89μm)明显大于中老年组(364.76±82.26μm,P<0.05)。纳入患者患眼涡静脉吻合率高于90%,且对侧眼均存在涡静脉吻合或扩张。结论:不同年龄段CSC患者患眼及其无症状对侧眼影像学表现存在差异,SFCT普遍增厚,且随着年龄增长逐渐变薄,中老年患者患眼CNV发生率最高,同时,CSC患者患眼及其无症状对侧眼普遍存在涡静脉吻合及扩张。

不同厚宽比矩形截面柱体涡激振动的数值研究

厚宽比的变化将导致矩形截面柱体周边流场的变化,进而影响结构气动性能及其涡激振动响应。基于Fluent软件平台,以雷诺数22 000的二维矩形截面柱体为对象,结合重叠网格技术与四阶龙格-库塔法,研究了厚宽比对其涡激振动的影响,从流场角度进行了影响机理分析。首先,选择厚宽比D/B=0.25的矩形截面,将计算结果与相关文献试验与模拟对比,验证了模拟方法及参数设置的有效性;然后,从气动力系数统计值及自谱、流向与横风向振幅变化以及相位转变等角度,对比分析了厚宽比对结构涡激振动响应的影响;最后,从瞬态流场的角度,分析了不同折减风速对柱体尾涡脱落的影响。结果表明,在柱体截面面积不变时,较小厚宽比柱体的涡振响应极为微弱,气动性能也明显低于大厚宽比柱体,大厚宽比柱体的气动性能及涡振响应高于标准方柱,振幅也会在较低折减风速下发生突变,但会在较高折减风速下达到振幅峰值。比起圆柱等结构,分离角固定的矩形柱体的尾涡脱落模式对折减风速的变化并不敏感,这一特征在大厚宽比方柱上表现更为明显。