Vortex模型对气道管理质控的提示作用

困难气道的处理是气道管理工作中的重要挑战之一,目前许多气道管理协会制定的困难气道管理指南在临床实践中的依从性和可操作性较差,原因包括指南内容复杂以及缺乏具体决策指导。为了提高指南的依从性和执行率,Vortex模型应运而生。Vortex模型由Nicholas Chrimes于2013年提出,是一种补充现有困难气道管理指南的认知辅助工具,目的在于提供一个简洁的管理思维模型,通过视觉化的漩涡结构帮助气道管理团队成员形成共同的情境认知,从而提高困难气道管理时的沟通和决策能力。本文旨在对Vortex模型的概念、特点及应用方法进行全面的综述,以期对目前临床上气道管理的质控工作提供可借鉴的经验。

基于Vortex模型分析金沙江水电开发对圆口铜鱼种群生存力的影响

圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)是长江上游特有鱼类,研究金沙江梯级水电开发背景下圆口铜鱼种群生存力变化对该物种的保护具有重要意义。Vortex模型在传统种群评估方法的基础上,引入种群年龄结构、繁殖体制、性比等因素,并考虑了环境、灾害、遗传等随机性对种群的影响,可模拟种群数量和生存力变化特征,是一种应用广泛的种群生存力分析模型。基于1981—2021年金沙江圆口铜鱼资源调查数据,采用Vortex模型构建了金沙江中下游干流大规模水电开发前、后两个时期圆口铜鱼种群生存力分析模型,考虑了水电开发下,水温、流速等环境变化对圆口铜鱼种群的影响,对比了两个时期圆口铜鱼种群数量、结构及生存力等。结果表明:水电开发前,严重过度捕捞对圆口铜鱼种群产生了显著威胁,10年内种群数量下降了12.5%,百年内种群内禀增长率为0.085,种群的生存和繁殖能力较稳定,灭绝概率为1%;水电开发后,10年内种群数量下降了42%,百年内种群内禀增长率降至-0.087,灭绝概率增大至36.1%,种群平均灭绝时间为83.7年,圆口铜鱼抵抗环境干扰的种群恢复能力降低,种群生存力受到影响。

Nonlinear tight formation control of multiple UAVs based on model predictive control

A tight formation of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) has many advantages, such as fuel saving and deceiving enemy radar during battlefield entry. As a result, research on UAVs in close formation has received much attention, and the controller design for formation holding has become a popular research topic in the control field. However, there are many unknown disturbances in tight formation, and the tail aircraft is disturbed by the wake. This paper establishes a mathematical model of wake vortices for tail aircraft that considers uncertainty and strong interference. Two UAVs are simulated by Computational Fluid Dynamics software, followed by the design of a semiphysical simulation model predictive control(MPC) scheme that suppresses uncertainty and interference sufficiently to enable the tail aircraft to accurately track the lead aircraft and maintain a stable, tight formation. The tight formation controller is verified by numerical simulation and semiphysical simulation. The results show that the designed controller has an excellent control effect in the case of disturbance caused by the wake vortex.

Vortex Channel Modelling for the Radio Vortex System

In this paper, a free-space vortex channel model of the radio vortex system is proposed to describe the propagation characteristics of vortex signals over the vortex channel. The key idea is to combine the Laguerre-Gaussian(LG) modes in the optical field with the free-space propagation model in the radio field. The proposed free-space vortex channel model is derived from the electric field expression of the LG modes and the freespace channel transfer function of the freespace propagation model theoretically. Simulation results verify that the proposed model could reflect the vortex channel characteristics better than the currently used free-space propagation model.

A PREDICTION OF THE VORTEX-RING STATE BOUNDARY BASED ON MODEL TESTS

To understand the vortex-ring state and to develop an approach for predicting its boundary, a series of model rotor tests of vertical descent and oblique descent have been conducted on a newly-built test apparatus - the Whirling Beam. The test results showed some unsteady aerodynamic behavior of the model rotor operating in the vortex-ring state. A very irregular variation of the rotortorque at low rate-of-descent was observed here for the first time. We considered it to be the start of the 'power settling' and determined the critical descent velocity according to this observation. A previous criterion for the vortex-ring state was modified to give a semi-empirical method for predicting the entire vortex-ring state boundary. The computed boundary shows a good correlation with the model test results and the flight experiences.

Applicability of the vortex-glass model for the single crystal Tl_(0.4)K_(0.41)Fe_(1.71)Se_2

We measure the current–voltage（I–V） characteristics for the single crystal of Tl0.4K0.41Fe1.71Se2 with the superconducting transition temperature（TC） around 30.5 K, under a 10 T magnetic field applied perpendicular and parallel to the ab plane. We find that the shapes of the I–V isotherms are very different from the description by the vortex-glass（VG） model.Combining theoretical calculations and analysis of the ρH⊥ab–T and ρH ab–T data, we give an explicit discussion over the suitability of the VG model for the A0.8Fe2Se2 superconductors, and point out the possibility of the material acting as a convenient platform for re-examination and further study of the complex vortex behaviors in the layered superconductors.

Simplified Prediction Model for Vortex-Induced Vibrations of Top Tensioned Risers

According to the characteristics of deepwater top tensioned risers, a simplified model is presented to predict the multi-modal response of vortex-induced vibration （VIV） in non-uniform flow based on energy equilibrium theory and the exporimental data from VIV self-excited and forced oscillations of rigid cylinders. The response amplitude of each mode is determined by a balance between the energy fed into the riser over the lock-in regions and the energy dissipated by the fluid damping over the remainders. Compared with the previous prediction models, this method can take fully account of the intrinsic nature of VIV for low mass ratio structures on lock-in regions, added mass and nonlinear fluid damping effect, etc. Moreover, it is the first time to propose the accurate calculating procedure for VIV amplitude correction factor by solving energy equilibrium equation and a closed form solution is presented for the case of a riser of uniform mass and cross-section oscillating in a uniform flow. The predicted values show a reasonable agreement with VIV experiments of riser models in stepped and sheared currents.

A Novel Wake Oscillator Model for Vortex-Induced Vibrations Prediction of A Cylinder Considering the Influence of Reynolds Number

It is well known that the Reynolds number has a significant effect on the vortex-induced vibrations(VIV) of cylinders. In this paper, a novel in-line(IL) and cross-flow(CF) coupling VIV prediction model for circular cylinders has been proposed, in which the influence of the Reynolds number was comprehensively considered. The Strouhal number linked with the vortex shedding frequency was calculated through a function of the Reynolds number. The coefficient of the mean drag force was fitted as a new piecewise function of the Reynolds number, and its amplification resulted from the CF VIV was also taken into account. The oscillating drag and lift forces were modelled with classical van der Pol wake oscillators and their empirical parameters were determined based on the lock-in boundaries and the peak-amplitude formulas. A new peak-amplitude formula for the IL VIV was developed under the resonance condition with respect to the mass-damping ratio and the Reynolds number. When compared with the results from the experiments and some other prediction models, the present model could give good estimations on the vibration amplitudes and frequencies of the VIV both for elastically-mounted rigid and long flexible cylinders. The present model considering the influence of the Reynolds number could generally provide better results than that neglecting the effect of the Reynolds number.

Topological Structure of Vortex Solution in Jackiw-Pi Model

By using φ-mapping method,we discuss the topological structure of the self-duality solution in Jackiw-Pimodel in terms of gauge potential decomposition.We set up relationship between Chern-Simons vortex solution andtopological number,which is determined by Hopf index and Brouwer degree.We also give the quantization of flux inthis ease.Then,we study the angular momentum of the vortex,which can be expressed in terms of,the flux.

Prediction Model for Vortex-Induced Vibration of Circular Cylinder with Data of Forced Vibration

A model based on the data from forced vibration experiments is developed for predicting the vortex-induced vibra- tions （VIV） of elastically mounted circular cylinders in flow. The assumptions for free and forced vibration tests are explored briefly. Energy equilibrium is taken into account to set up the relationship between the dynamic response of selfexcited oscillations and the force coemcients from forced vibration experiments. The gap between these two cases is bridged straightforwardly with careful treatment of key parameters. Given reduced mass m^# and material damping ratio of an elastically mounted circular cylinder in flow, the response characteristics such as amplitude, frequency, lock-in range, added mass coefficient, cross-flow fluid force and the corresponding phase angle can be predicted all at once. In- stances with different combination of reduced mass and material damping ratio are compared to investigate their effects on VIV. The hysteresis phenomenon can be interpreted reasonably. The predictions and the results from recent experiments carried out by Wifliamson＇ s group are in rather good agreement.

THE SEPARATION OF LARGE VORTEXES AND THE CLOSED EQUATIONS OF TURBULENCE MODEL

This paper presents a new kind of everage for the loeally-generated large vortexes so that the physieal quantities of the locally-generated large vortexes and the external large vortexes canberigorously separated from the equal ions for the large vortexes proposed in a previous paper[1] To the equations for the two kinds of large vortexes, some auxiliary relations are introduced, and the value, of the length-scale lN of energy dissipation of the external large vortexes may he determined according to the actual circumstances of the disturbance of external sources. Thus the resulting equations of the second moments of turbulent velocity fluctuations for the two kinds of large vortexes can be made closed. Meanwhile, the corresponding coefficients of diffusion in the previous paper[1] are improved,Finally, a closed set of numerically-solvable equations of turbulence model are obtained.

Numerical Modelling of Coal Combustion Processes in the Vortex Furnace with Dual-Port Loading

The work is devoted to numerical simulation of pulverized-coal combustion processes in the vortex furnace which is a prospective design of a boiler unit for thermal power plants. New modification of this design characterized by additional tangential-injection nozzle located at the bottom of combustion chamber has been studied. Numerical results for the case of Siberian brown coal combustion in this vortex furnace with dual-port loading are presented, including 3-D aerodynamic structure, the fields of temperatures, radiated heat fluxes, species and dispersed phase concentrations, and NOx emissions.

场景范式下数据要素赋能新质生产力涌现:“漩涡模型”构建与探索性案例研究

把握场景范式,探究数据要素赋能新质生产力的涌现路径,是推进中国式现代化建设的重要议题。基于场景驱动创新及新质生产力理论内涵,构建以资源配置为核心、数据要素赋能“场景—技术创新—新质生产力”协同演化的“漩涡模型”研究框架。选取“树根互联”作为探索性案例研究样本,探究在工业行业不同场景需求下,工业互联网平台发挥数据要素价值赋能新质生产力的涌现路径,总结为产品智能化、智能制造、产业链数智化3种赋能模式。研究发现:(1)场景以“数字化之手”创新融合生产要素,驱动资源序列整体重置,对新质生产力涌现起到“催化剂”作用;(2)不同场景需求驱动的生产力提质同新质生产力特征存在耦合度差异;(3)“机械模型—物模型—连接模型—复合物模型”迭代升级是实现数据要素赋能的“桥梁型”因素。研究结论可为把握场景范式优势、发挥数据要素价值、加速培育新质生产力提供理论支持和实践参考。

旋涡空化水动力学特性研究进展与展望

涡空化作为一种在推进器叶顶涡心处产生的空化现象,在推进器原型上往往最早出现,其一旦发生将会严重影响舰艇的声隐身性能(噪声增加10 dB以上),在很大程度上限制了舰艇临界航速的进一步提升,因而长期以来一直是空化水动力学领域研究的重点与难点课题之一.本文首先简要介绍了旋涡空化流动相较于其他形式空化流动的特点,并以梢涡空化为主要对象,系统阐述了旋涡空化初生、发展的演变行为与流动机理研究,从空化三要素的角度深入讨论了其影响因素与作用机制.在此基础上,本文分别对旋涡空化流动中尺度效应、流动控制等关键问题的相关研究进展进行了回顾,较为系统地梳理了旋涡空化尺度效应的内在原因以及旋涡空化流动控制方法与控制思路.最后,本文针对目前旋涡空化研究领域关注的重点与难点问题,对旋涡空化流动研究中采用的实验测量及数值模拟技术进行了总结与展望.

基于尾流振子模型的柔性悬挂立管涡激振动分析

为了分析深海采矿柔性立管涡激振动响应特性,提出了一种高效的针对特殊边界的处理方法.基于欧拉梁模型和尾流振子模型,结合有限差分方法,系统研究不同边界条件、中间仓质量和海流剪切参数对深海采矿立管涡激振动的影响规律.结果表明:悬挂立管底部会产生较大位移,与传统两端铰接立管相比,相同激励下悬挂立管会激发出更高阶的振动模态,从原本5阶模态升至6阶;随着中间仓质量增加,立管振动的主导模态会随之降低,在同一模态下,悬挂立管底部位移逐渐减小,从0.460降至0.405,当模态转换时,底部位移均方根会迅速增大,由0.405升至0.413;底部位移随着均匀流速的增加呈现出波动趋势,在一定流速范围内,位移随流速线性变化;随着剪切参数增大,在同一模态下,立管底部的位移逐渐减小,当模态转换时,底部位移会增加.

一次江淮气旋引起的区域大暴雨可预报性分析及模式检验

利用常规观测资料和逐6 h的ERA5空间分辨率为0.25°×0.25°的再分析资料及数值产品,采用天气学分析和物理量诊断等方法,对河南2020年6月一次江淮气旋区域大暴雨的可预报性进行分析.结果表明:(1)强降水主要出现在850 hPa低涡前部西南急流出口区顶部和切变线两侧50~100 km的重叠区域内、地面气旋辐合线附近及左侧冷暖空气交汇处,以冷区降水为主.(2)水汽和动力条件均具有极端性,PWAT、Q850、Qu850、垂直上升运动速度值均超过了河南各类型100 mm以上强降水统计阈值.(3)850 hPa低涡的移动方向和地面3 h负变压中心移动方向对地面气旋的移动有引导作用,负变压中心较气旋中心出现时间早12 h左右.(4)数值模式EC在24~240 h内、CMA-GFS在24~168 h内晴雨准确率和小雨量级TS评分>0.8,暴雨及以下量级的降水TS评分24~72 h内CMA-GFS优于EC,96 h后CMA-GFS低于EC.(5)EC和CMA-GFS强降水落区较实况偏北0.7~0.8个纬度.

大跨长挑臂钢箱组合梁桥抗风性能试验研究

为了解大跨长挑臂钢箱组合梁桥抗风性能及选取合适的声屏障形式,以挑臂长7.5 m的钢箱组合梁桥——临猗黄河大桥为背景,基于有限元计算的施工及成桥阶段桥梁动力特性指标,制作1个缩尺比1∶50的最大悬臂施工状态钢箱梁、2个缩尺比1∶60的成桥状态不同声屏障设置形式(直线形、折线形,高度均为2.5 m)钢箱组合梁节段模型进行风洞试验,分析施工和成桥状态主梁断面的涡振、颤振和驰振性能。结果表明:施工状态的钢箱梁抗风稳定性良好,涡振、颤振和驰振性能均满足设计要求;常遇风攻角为0°、±3°时,成桥状态下,设置2.5 m高折线形声屏障可有效抑制主梁涡振响应,且颤振与驰振稳定性均满足规范要求;设置2.5 m高直线形声屏障的主梁发生明显的竖向涡振现象。该桥主梁最终采用2.5 m高折线形声屏障。

茨哈峡水电站泄洪洞旋流竖井段体型水力特性研究

为探究竖井旋流泄洪洞在高水头大泄量条件下的水力特性,以茨哈峡水电站为背景,进行竖井旋流泄洪洞的水工模型试验,通过比较不同衔接段体型涡室壅水和竖井底板的脉动压强,以获得上平段与涡室衔接段和竖井与导流洞衔接段的推荐体型。基于VOF模型,采用三种紊流模型对推荐体型水力特性进行数值模拟。研究发现,竖井内旋转水流的水层厚度分布不均,旋转水流切向流速的衰减梯度从上到下逐渐降低,在竖井前半段,轴向流速随竖井高度的降低增加较快,竖井中下段,主流水体的轴向流速增加明显,而副流水体增加缓慢;竖井旋流泄洪洞各部位消能差异大,竖井起始部位主要消去涡室来流的初始切向动能,中间部位主要消去旋转水流的轴向动能,下半部位利用环状水跃和消力井消去旋转水流大部分的剩余动能。Realizable k-ε紊流模型更适合模拟超高水头、大泄量、强旋转并带有自由液面旋转水流的水力特性。

基于POD和DMD的60°交叉管绕流分析

本文利用本征正交分解(Proper Orthogonal Decomposition,POD)和动力学模态分解(Dynamic Mode Decom⁃position,DMD)分析雷诺数Re=200时三维60°交叉管在间隙比G=4下的涡量数据,并探究尾涡的演变规律。分析结果表明:尾流场中的涡流尺度及重要程度随频率增加而减小,少数低频模态便可主导大尺度流动现象,而高频模态主要丰富尾流场中的小尺度湍流细节;上下游圆柱的涡结构以0.19 Hz的频率从两圆柱脱落,并在相同的频率下以平行形态向下游演变;上游圆柱脱落涡与下游圆柱的相互作用导致下游圆柱涡激振动明显,并产生多个高频升力频谱峰值。

基于量子衍生涡流算法和T⁃S模糊推理模型的储层岩性识别

鉴于梯度下降法易陷入局部极值、普通群智能优化算法易早熟收敛,提出一种基于量子衍生涡流算法(Quantum Vortex Search Algorithm,QVSA)和T⁃S模糊推理模型的岩性识别方法,QVSA具有操作简单、收敛速度快、寻优能力强等优点,有助于T⁃S模糊推理模型获得最优参数配置,从而实现储层岩性的准确识别。首先利用具有全局搜索能力的QVSA优化T⁃S模糊推理模型的各种参数;然后利用主成分分析方法降低获取的地震属性维度;再利用优化的T⁃S模糊推理模型识别储层岩性。实验结果表明,利用反映储层特征的8个地震属性识别储层岩性时,所提方法的识别正确率达到92%,比普通BP网络方法高5.1%,同时查准率、查全率、F1分数等指标也较BP网络方法提升明显。