Experimental Research on Salt-out Particle Motion and Concentration Distribution in a Vortex Pump Volute

The vortex pump is suitable for salt solution transportation. But the salt-out flow mechanism in the pump has not been understood fully. Salt-out layer formation and growth rate are closely related to crystal particle motion and concentration distribution. Study on the particle hydrodynamic characteristics in the pump volute becomes a key problem, because the crystal particles are mainly distributing in this zone after they enter the pump. Phase Doppler particle analyzer（PDPA） is used to measure the two-phase flow field in a model pump volute to get more understanding about the salt-out phenomenon. The crystal particle velocities are obtained in all three peripheral, radial and axial directions. Particle size and particle number density（PND） measurements are also performed in the experiment. Results are presented and discussed along the radial direction under different pump operating conditions, as well as various axial measurement positions. It is found that particle velocity gradient of peripheral component varies with the pump discharge. There is a turning point of relation between peripheral velocity component and discharge. Radial flow velocity curves look like a saddle shape and velocity magnitudes are changing greatly with the discharge. The non-equilibrium velocity feature between liquid and solid phase on this direction is also remarkable. Particles flow into the impeller at radial position R〈I, and the axial velocity component increases in this region. The particle size curve shows an open-up parabola distribution. The largest particles are distributing near the casing peripheral wall. As flow rate increases, accordingly PND increases. It also grows up in the axial-outward direction towards the suction cover. Crystal particle aggregation phenomenon can be revealed from the analysis of particle size and PND distribution, and the aggregation region is determined as well. Research results are helpful for optimal design of this kind of pump preventing salt-out.

Effect of bionic mantis shrimp groove volute on vortex pump pressure pulsation

In order to reduce pressure pulsation of vortex pumps,the mantis shrimp was chosen as biological prototype and a bionic engineering model was developed from its abdominal segment grooves.Bionic mantis shrimp groove volute vortex pump models with different numbers of grooves were developed,and numerical simulation methods were used to calculate the models to study the effects of the volute grooves on the pressure pulsation of a vortex pump.The results show that a bionic groove volute could effectively improve the pressure pulsation of a vortex pump outlet,and reduce the pressure pulsation around the pump’s tongue and other internal points.The pressure pulsation under different conditions is impacted by shaft frequency and blade frequency.The bionic groove structure has little effect on the external characteristics of the pump,but could improve the static pressure,velocity distribution,and vortex structure of the flow field.Additionally,pressure pulsation of the whole vortex pump is reduced.

Effect of tongue clearance on hydraulic performance of double support vortex pump

In order to study influence of tongue clearance on the hydraulic performance of double support vortex pump,three dimensional flow model with symmetric variable size tongue clearance was established by changing section parameter of tongue clearance,and applied to numerically simulate the steady inner flow in a vortex pump based on fixed working conditions and impeller through ANSYS FLUENT.The numerical results show the influence of tongue channel with two sections(non-uniform and uniform sections)on flow field characteristics in vortex pump.Firstly,the variation of tongue channel section changes the vortex structure distribution in circumferential flow channel.Specifically the spiral forward vortex structure in the circumferential direction shifts to large radius side with increasing tongue width.Secondly,the circumferential velocity gradient and axial pressure gradient both diminish with the increase of the tongue section,and the inlet/outlet pressure difference and velocity distribution also reduce with increasing tongue channel section.Finally,for vortex pump with non-uniform section of tongue channel,the head diminishes and the efficiency remains constant approximately with the increase of the tongue width,while the head and the efficiency both diminish for uniform section of tongue channel.

RESEARCH ON TURBULENT FLOW WITHIN THE VORTEX PUMP

Based on the standard k-ε turbulence model and the RANS equations, thefinite volume method and the SIMPLE algorithm were adopted to carry out the three-dimensionalviscous numerical simulation of the internal flow within a vortex pump in double reference frames.According to the results of numerical simulation, the internal flow in the vortex pump was analyzed,and the calculated results of blade surface pressure of the impeller were compared withexperimental results. The maximum relative error is 6.6% between calculated value and experimentalvalue of the pump head under operation conditions.

Numerical Simulation and Experiment Analyses for the Gas-liquid Two-phase Vortex Pump

Based on the gas-liquid two-phase mixture transportation test, the k-c-A; turbulence model was applied to simulate the two-phase turbulent flow in a vortex pump. By comparing the simulation and experiment results, inner flow features were revealed. The bubbles in the channel distribute mainly at the pressure side of the blades, and the aggregation degree of the bubbles is enhanced with an increase in inlet gas volume fraction. Experimental results indicate that the influence of the gas phase on vortex pump performance is small when the gas volume fraction is less than 10%. When the gas volume fraction contiuuously increases to 15%, the characteristic curves abruptly drop due to the gas blocking phenomenon.

Effect of blade shape on hydraulic performance and vortex structure of vortex pumps

The vortex pump has increasingly become an important alternative or supplement to the centrifugal pump, the positive displacement pump and the diffusion pump due to its capacity of developing a high head at a small flow rate within a single stage. However, the vortex pumps with various blade shapes such as the twisted blades or the 3-D blades are not well studied. In this paper, some new concepts of the 2-D and 3-D corner blades are introduced for the design of the vortex pumps. The mechanism behind the effect of the corner blade shapes on the pump hydraulic performance is numerically investigated and elucidated in terms of the internal vortex structures. The results show that both 2-D and 3-D forward corner blades can induce stronger well-organized longitudinal vortices as well as smaller axial and radial vortices within the impeller blade passage, which benefit a higher pump head and a higher efficiency in comparison with the traditional radial straight blade. This study provides useful guidelines for the design of advanced vortex pumps.

Experimental study on inlet vortex in pump sump

In order to study the mechanism of the vortex generation at the bottom of the pump sump below the flare tube,twenty pressure pulsation monitoring points were arranged at the bottom of the pump sump below the flare tube,and the pressure fluctuation experiments were carried out under different flow conditions.The experimental results show that the frequency of pressure fluctuation at the bottom of the pump sump is twice of the rotational frequency of the impeller blade.The vortex below the flare tube is easy to generate under the large flow conditions and mainly concentrates at the right front position below the flare tube.The position of the vortex occurring is corresponding to the position of the low-pressure region below flare tube.

Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Nozzle Lip Thickness on the Flow Field and Performance of an Annular Jet Pump

The performance of an annular jet pump( AJP) is determined by its area ratio A( ratio of cross sectional area of throat and annular nozzle) and flow rate ratio q( ratio of primary and secondary flow rate,Qs/Qj),while the nozzle lip thickness is neglected in the present studies. This paper presents a study on the effect of the thickness on the flow field and performance of an AJP with A = 1. 75. With the increasing flow rate ratio and nozzle lip thickness,a small vortex forms at the nozzle lip and keeps on growing. However,as the flow rate ratio or nozzle lip thickness is extremely low,the vortex at the lip vanishes thoroughly. Moreover,the recirculation width varies conversely with the nozzle lip thickness when the flow rate ratio q ≤ 0. 13. While the deviation of the recirculation width with different nozzle lip thickness is negligible with q ≥ 0. 13. Additionally the existence of nozzle lip hinders the momentum exchange between the primary and secondary flow and leads to a mutation of velocity gradient near the nozzle exit,which shift the recirculation downstream. Finally,based on the numerical results of the streamwise and spanwise vortex distributions in the suction chamber, the characteristics of the mixing process and the main factors accounting for the AJP performance are clarified.

旋流泵叶轮流道固液两相流动不稳定性分析

由于结构的特殊性以及固液两相存在的密度差,旋流泵在输送固液两相介质过程中,内部会出现多方面的不稳定性特征,基于Particle模型,运用ANSYS CFX软件对额定转速下旋流泵在不同流量下输送不同固相体积分数的多种工况进行了非定常数值模拟,分析了叶轮流道内的固相分布、压力脉动和叶轮径向力,从而深入了解叶轮内部不稳定性。结果表明:在C_(v)=5%体积分数下,0.8 Q_(d)、1.0 Q_(d)流量下叶轮流道内固相体积分布均匀,1.2 Q_(d)分布不均匀;在C_(v)=10%体积分数下,0.8 Q_(d)流量下分布均匀,1.0 Q_(d)和1.2 Q_(d)流量下分布不均匀;在C_(v)=20%体积分数下,0.8 Q_(d)、1.2 Q_(d)流量下分布均匀,1.0 Q_(d)分布不均匀;在C_(v)=20%、1.0 Q_(d)工况的一个旋转周期内,叶轮内部始终存在一个条形固相分布区域,且其旋转速度滞后于叶轮旋转速度。在1.0 Q_(d)流量下,随着固相体积分数的增加,各监测点压力系数幅值波动逐步变大;后缩腔监测点叶频处的幅值基本不变,叶轮流道内监测点轴频处的幅值逐步变大;在C_(v)=20%体积分数下,随着流量的增加,各监测点压力系数幅值波动先增后减,后缩腔监测点叶频处幅值逐步增大,流道内监测点轴频处的幅值先增后减。相同固相体积分数下,随着流量的增加,径向力逐步增大;不同固相体积分数下,随着体积分数的增加,0.8 Q_(d)流量下径向力波动不大,1.0 Q_(d)流量下波动逐步变大,1.2 Q_(d)流量下波动逐步变小。

水泵水轮机尾水管压力脉动特性及涡带特性分析

抽蓄电站是电网的重要组成部分,水泵水轮机长时间偏离最优工况运行会导致水力不稳定问题,其中,尾水管涡带和压力脉动问题备受关注,严重影响机组安全稳定运行。以水泵水轮机为研究对象,分析了其尾水管内流特性与压力脉动时频特性。对比了两种第二代和两种第三代涡识别方法对尾水管涡带演化过程的可视化效果,Omega-Liutex涡识别方法对阈值依赖性小且对涡带形态的识别更清晰完备,因此,采用Omega-Liutex涡识别方法研究了不同负荷工况下尾水管涡带的瞬态变化特性。研究结果可以为水泵水轮机稳定运行提供一定的理论参考。

无叶腔宽度对旋流泵性能影响的试验研究

本文以R30式单斜叶片、R30-F30和R15-F60两种分段双向斜叶片型式的叶轮为研究对象,通过改变过渡段的长度来改变无叶腔宽度,对旋流泵的性能进行了试验研究,对比分析了旋流泵无叶腔宽度对其性能的影响。结果表明:对于旋流泵的扬程而言,扬程在最佳效率点流量之前较为平坦,在最佳效率点流量之后会迅速下降;对于三种不同型式的叶轮,在额定流量下,旋流泵均有一个最佳的无叶腔宽度,在该无叶腔宽度下旋流泵的扬程最高,且随着无叶腔宽度的增加,旋流泵的效率均呈现先减小后增加的趋势。

一种新型可调涡流管膨胀的跨临界CO_(2)热泵系统性能研究

在跨临界CO_(2)热泵循环中,采用涡流管膨胀替代常规节流阀的Maurer模型可减小节流损失、提高系统性能,但存在不能自动调节的难题。通过对Maurer模型进行改进,本文提出一种新型可调涡流管膨胀的跨临界CO_(2)热泵系统,通过建立理论模型模拟分析了新型系统的性能特点,并与膨胀阀节流的常规系统和Maurer模型的性能进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:1)新型系统能实现对系统制热量与压缩机排气温度的自动控制。当蒸发温度改变时,新型系统可以通过改变电子流量调节阀开度实现对调节压缩机排气温度的控制,还可以通过改变调节压缩机频率实现对冷质量分数与涡流管热端出口温度的控制,进而调节系统制热量。新型系统保证了涡流管热端出口温度和压缩机排气温度不超过120℃警戒值的同时维持了较高的制热量,改善了系统性能。2)新型系统的性能优于常规系统和Maurer模型。通过将涡流管热端出口温度与调节压缩机排气温度控制在较高水平,新型系统能具有更高的制热量和更好的性能。当全年蒸发温度在-10~10℃间变化时,新型系统的COP和制热量较常规系统分别增大了13.1%和16.7%,较Maurer模型分别增大了2.7%和6.1%。新型系统对系统性能的改善效果会随着蒸发温度变化范围的扩大更加显著。

空化诱导的离心泵叶轮区流动特性与压力脉动分析

空化是一种复杂的多相流现象,空化发展中液体和蒸汽之间瞬态相变的产生,导致多尺度旋涡运动。瞬态空化动力学与空化涡结构的演化密切相关。采用对比结合Q准则、Omega判别法两种涡识别方法,探究设计流量Qd为0.321 m3/s下不同空化程度时离心泵叶轮区的空泡、涡旋特性及其对压力脉动的影响。基于Schnerr-Sauer空化模型对立式单级单吸蜗壳式离心泵在空化初始阶段、空化发展阶段、空化状态转变阶段、空化恶化阶段4个不同空化程度时的全流道流场进行数值模拟分析。结果表明,空化情况下叶轮区域流动复杂,空泡形态与旋涡的生成变化相互影响,二者共同影响叶轮域内压力脉动的变化。Omega方法能够精准捕捉到叶轮进口的回流涡、叶轮流道内通道涡和叶轮尾缘处的尾迹涡;空化初期,受通道内大面积通道涡及蜗壳隔舌动静干涉的影响,出现各叶片上空泡大小不同的情况;空化严重时受空泡脱落影响出现气液混合的高速涡团,导致低频压力脉动信号增加,空泡移动至高压区溃灭释放的能量导致出口压力脉动显著升高。

Performances and Rotating Flows of Rotary Jet Pump

The rotary jet pumps, namely the pitot pumps, are composed of the rotating casing with the impeller channels and the stationary pick-up tube for discharging, are known as the one of high pressure pumps in the U.S. market. The pumps, however, have been prepared experientially, because of poor knowledge for the flow conditions and the pump performances. Then, this paper discusses the pump performances and the internal flow conditions in the rotating casing. Three types of the pick-up tube were prepared for the experiments to know the pump performances and the flow conditions in the rotating casing. The flow in the rotating casing is nearly in the forced vortex type and gives the higher pressure at the pick-up tube inlet. The more cross-sectional area of the pick-up tube channel is large, the more head and discharge are higher with excellent efficiency. Moreover, the authors confirmed that the secondary flow runs toward the rotating center at the wake flow region behind the pick-up tube.

贯流泵站前池表面涡数值预测与分析

贯流泵站因其流道水力损失小,装置效率高的优点在灌溉、调水和排水等领域应用广泛,受水位、工况等影响,泵站前池常出现表面漩涡等不良现象,影响泵站效率及稳定性。以淮安三站灯泡式贯流泵站为研究对象,通过计算流体动力学数值模拟了泵站进水流道和前池,采用BM模型捕捉表面涡的旋转特性,采用S-CLSVOF跟踪自由表面,研究了设计工况下贯流泵站的内部的流动规律和表面涡的发展,结果表明:淹没深度越大,表面涡越弱,但水面的波动更强;表面涡的出现将使进水流道流速均匀性降低。研究结果为大中型贯流泵站吸气涡的数值模拟提供理论参考。

阀板尾迹对离心泵性能的影响

离心泵进水管路通常布置阀门供检修时切断水流,这会导致离心泵入流畸变。该研究旨在分析泵前检修阀所诱发的非定常尾迹特征及其对大流量工况离心泵运行特性的影响机理。试验对比了均匀来流和畸变来流条件下离心泵的外特性,数值模拟研究了阀板尾迹涡的流动特征及其对离心泵非稳态内流场的影响,分析了阀板尾迹涡诱发的叶轮径向力。结果表明:两种来流条件下数值模拟与试验得到的离心泵外特性误差在5%以内;对离心泵性能产生主要影响的尾迹涡主要来自阀门阀板一侧的边界层分离与卷吸,入流畸变导致大流量工况下离心泵效率相较于均匀入流下降9.15%,扬程降低1.2 m;阀板尾迹在离心泵入口产生1.9倍转频的脉动频率;尾迹涡的周期性入流导致两个叶片前缘的最大相对液流角由30°分别增大至43°和39°,这两个叶片的压力面脱流加剧,产生逐渐向下游耗散的失速团,叶片承受2倍转频的非稳态激振力;尾迹涡的周期性吸入导致叶轮上的时均径向力增大至均匀入流的4.5倍左右,最大径向力达到均匀入流的7倍左右,径向力矢量发生偏移,离心泵断轴风险加剧。研究结果可为工业现场中离心泵运行稳定性的改善提供理论依据。

基于熵产理论的管道泵流动损失特性分析

为了揭示管道泵运行过程中的流动损失特性,基于熵产理论,采用数值计算方法对管道泵吸水室和叶轮内的总熵产以及局部熵产率进行了研究,并结合压力脉动及涡核分布对其产生流动损失的原因进行了分析。研究结果表明,叶轮总熵产和吸水室总熵产保持高度一致性,吸水室内部流动影响了叶轮内部流动。随着流量的增大,叶轮和吸水室总熵产先减小,随后增大,这与其内部监测点的压力脉动主频幅值变化规律基本一致。叶轮总熵产显著大于吸水室总熵产,偏工况下更为明显,前者至少是后者的4倍。湍流耗散熵产占据吸水室和叶轮总熵产的90%以上,构成了流动损失的主要部分。吸水室高熵产率区主要分布在第二弯道及出口处,小流量工况下的熵产率是其余工况下的数百倍,该位置的大尺度带核涡以及附壁涡是导致熵产率增加的主要原因。叶轮高熵产率区主要集中在叶轮进口和出口,在大部分区域,小流量下的熵产率是其余工况的6倍以上,小流量工况下叶轮进口预旋和出口失速涡以及大流量工况下叶轮中上游的分离涡是导致熵产率较高的主要原因。该研究可为管道泵局部流动损失识别以及开展针对性优化提供参考。

基于光泵效应诱导涡旋光的通断控制实验教学设计

随着对涡旋光研究的深入,对涡旋光在各种介质中的传输控制提出了更高的要求。本实验利用光泵效应在三能级热源子系统中完成了对涡旋光传输通断的控制,通过分别控制信号光的失谐程度、泵浦光的光功率大小以及铷原子气体池的温度高低等参数来调控信号光的传输透过率,从而实现对涡旋光传输的通断控制。本文将理论与实验相结合,使学生通过实验更加充分地理解理论知识,培养和提高了学生的实践能力和创新意识。

黏度对油气混输泵内气相和泄漏涡分布的影响

为了更准确地探究油气混输泵在高黏度条件下输送介质时,其流道内常常存在的泄漏涡、分离涡等这些涡流的特性,文中选用欧拉-欧拉非均相流模型对油气混输泵内气相分布以及涡分布进行分析,并使用刚性旋转涡量表征涡旋强度.研究表明:在混输泵叶轮流道内,气相的存在较大地影响了叶片表面流线的分布规律.偏设计工况下,当黏度较小时气相主要集中分布在压力面后半段,当黏度较大时气相在压力面后段分布较少.不同工况下泄漏涡的分布规律都与气相分布吻合度较高,在偏设计工况下,其气相在流道尾部的聚集度和黏度成正比,但是在大流量工况下流道内局部的气相聚集得到了改善.此外,由于高黏度条件下流道内湍流黏度较低以及剪切涡较多,所以在考虑刚性旋转时的涡量分布更为准确.研究结果可为油气混输泵的优化设计等提供理论参考.

空间导叶式多级离心泵级间能量损失机理

为探究空间导叶式多级离心泵级间能量损失的原因,以1个单级和1个3级潜水泵为研究对象,通过试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,分析其级间能量损失的机理.对单级和3级潜水泵分别进行全流场外特性试验.基于ANSYS软件对3级潜水泵不同流量点进行数值模拟和内流场分析,着重对各级叶轮进口流态、内部旋涡结构和叶片载荷分析比较.结果表明:小流量工况下,3级潜水泵各级扬程接近且与单级扬程相差不大;额定流量工况和大流量工况下,3级潜水泵第1级扬程与单级扬程仍相差不大,但后2级扬程相比于第1级降低了6%~10%.随着流量的增大,首级叶轮来流稳定性不受影响,其后各级叶轮进流流态变差.后2级叶轮进口液体介质冲角变化使其对叶片进口边的冲击增大.后2级叶轮进口处的涡在流量较大时发展为流向涡,从而引起叶片载荷突变,削弱了叶轮做功能力,导致后2级能量损失.研究结果可为多级离心泵的设计提供理论依据.