Digital measuring the ocular morphological parameters of guinea pig eye in vivo with Python

AIM:To quantitatively measure ocular morphological parameters of guinea pig with Python technology.METHODS:Thirty-six eyeballs of eighteen 3-weekold guinea pigs were measured with keratometer and photographed to obtain the horizontal,coronal,and sagittal planes respectively.The corresponding photo pixels-actual length ratio was acquired by a proportional scale.The edge coordinates were identified artificially by ginput function.Circle and conic curve fitting were applied to fit the contour of the eyeball in the sagittal,coronal and horizontal view.The curvature,curvature radius,eccentricity,tilt angle,corneal diameter,and binocular separation angle were calculated according to the geometric principles.Next,the eyeballs were removed,canny edge detection was applied to identify the contour of eyeball in vitro.The results were compared between in vivo and in vitro.RESULTS:Regarding the corneal curvature and curvature radius on the horizontal and sagittal planes,no significant differences were observed among results in vivo,in vitro,and the keratometer.The horizontal and vertical binocular separation angles were 130.6°±6.39°and 129.8°±9.58°respectively.For the corneal curvature radius and eccentricity in vivo,significant differences were observed between horizontal and vertical planes.CONCLUSION:The Graphical interface window of Python makes up the deficiency of edge detection,which requires too much definition in Matlab.There are significant differences between guinea pig and human beings,such as exotropic eye position,oblique oval eyeball,and obvious discrepancy of binoculus.This study helps evaluate objectively the ocular morphological parameters of small experimental animals in emmetropization research.

Morphological Measurement and Analysis of Gymnarchus Niloticus

Gyrnnarchus niloticus swims by undulations of a long-based dorsal fin, while its body axis is in many cases held straight during swimming. This paper provides a brief relevant introduction to Gyrnnarchus niloticus, which belongs to the African freshwater electric eels but can inspire our bionic interests in propulsion besides its abilities in electric sensing. A special larva of Gyrnnarchus niloticus was morphologically measured by photographing it with a piece of scale-calibrated paper as the background. Then we analyzed the data by a CFD-aided approach. Detailed flow patterns around the larva and a NACA0012 hydrofoil were respectively calculated and visualized at the Reynolds number of 7350 or so. The results show that the profile of Gyrnnarchus niloticus is well streamlined.

THE MORPHOLOGICAL MEASURE OF THE TIBIAL MEDULLARY CAVITY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

Objective To provide morphological reference for the designing of the intramedullary nail fixation which suitable for Chinese by investigating the morphological characteristics of tibial medullary cavity. Methods The morphological parameters of the 113 normal adult tibiale were measured on the X-ray photographs with the image analysis software. Results The total lengths of tibial medullary cavities were 299.49±11.03 mm(male) and 274.60± 6.77 mm(female), and the lengths of the narrow part were 66.36±3.90 mm(male) and 51.57±3.92mm(female). The end-points of narrow part were about 29.9 mm(male) and 26.09 mm(female)below the midpoints of medullary cavities. The radians of the longitudinal axes of medullary cavities were 2.53±1.27°(male) and 2.57±1.16°(female). The proximal opening K were 9.47±2.71(male) and 8.59±2.46(female). The distal opening K were 8.21± 2.93(male)and 7.65±2.87(female). Conclusion The morphology of tibial medullary cavity, the characteristic variety of radian and the opening K were very important references for designing the Chinese intramedullary nail fixation.

Measurement of the surface morphology of plasma facing components on the EAST tokamak by a laser speckle interferometry approach

The laser speckle interferometry approach provides the possibility of an in situ optical noncontacted measurement for the surface morphology of plasma facing components（PFCs）, and the reconstruction image of the PFC surface morphology is computed by a numerical model based on a phase unwrapping algorithm. A remote speckle interferometry measurement at a distance of three meters for real divertor tiles retired from EAST was carried out in the laboratory to simulate a real detection condition on EAST. The preliminary surface morphology of the divertor tiles was well reproduced by the reconstructed geometric image. The feasibility and reliability of this approach for the real-time measurement of PFCs have been demonstrated.

Image based measurements for evaluation of pelvic organ prolapse

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements are essential for the diagnosis of pelvic organ prolapse given the inaccuracy of clinical examination. However, MRI pelvic floor measurements are currently performed manually and can be inconsistent and time-consuming. In this paper, we present a scheme for semi-automatic measurement modeling on MRI based on image segmentation and intersecting point identification methods. The segmentation algorithm is a multi-stage mechanism based on block grouping, support vector machine classification, morphological operation and prior shape information. Block grouping is achieved by classifying blocks as bone or background based on image texture features. The classified blocks are then used to find the initial segmentation by the first phase morphological opening. Prior shape information is incorporated into the initial segmentation to obtain the final segmentation using registration with the similarity type transformation. After segmentation, points of reference that are used for pelvic floor measurements are identified using morphological skeleton operation. The experiments on the MRI images show that the presented scheme can detect the points of reference on the pelvic floor structure to determine the reference lines needed for the assessment of pelvic organ prolapse. This will lead towards more consistent and faster pelvic organ prolapse diagnosis on dynamic MRI studies, and possible screening procedures for predicting predisposition to pelvic organ prolapse by radiologic evaluation of pelvic floor measurements.

Morphological Variation in the Martinican Subspecies White-Breasted Thrasher (<i>Ramphocinclus brachyurus brachyurus</i>)

The White-breasted Thrasher (Ramphocinclus brachyurus) is the smallest passerine bird in the Mimids family. Ranked as “endangered” in the IUCN list, the demographic distribution of this species is spread unevenly across two islands in the Lesser Antilles. The Saint-Lucian subspecies, Ramphocinclus brachyurus sanctaeluciae, was estimated to number between 1200 and 1700 individuals, whereas the Martinique subspecies, Ramphocinclus brachyurus brachyurus, was estimated at between 200 and 400 individuals. As an endemic rare species with a high risk of extinction, the Martinique subspecies should be regarded as a conservation priority. The small size of the Martinique subspecies population, its restricted geographical range, and its narrow habitat tolerance make it quite difficult to study. The variability of morphological traits in this subspecies has not been biostatistically analyzed recently. In order to update knowledge and fill in any gaps, we have used the morphometric approach to study the morphological variability of the Martinique subspecies. The study site is a small peninsula located in the northeast of the island of Martinique (French West Indies) known as “la Caravelle”. We captured 63 White-breasted Thrashers which were marked, measured, and sexed before being released. We did not observe any significant differences between the sexes, signifying an absence of sexual dimorphism. However, we were able to observe a significant variation in morphological traits between individuals measured inside and outside the national protected area of Caravelle. The body mass-tarsus ratio was equal at both sampled sites, something which could potentially be a clue to the bird’s adaptation to different habitats.

基于计算机辅助半自动测量的颅内动脉瘤形态学参数与动脉瘤破裂相关性分析

目的评估计算机辅助半自动测量的动脉瘤三维形态学参数与动脉瘤破裂风险的相关性。方法回顾性连续纳入2019年10月至2022年10月于首都医科大学宣武医院神经外科收治的破裂多发动脉瘤患者。采用计算机辅助半自动测量方法测量入组患者动脉瘤形态学参数(包括动脉瘤直径、最大径、宽度、瘤颈宽度、体积、入射角、载瘤动脉直径、表面积、波动指数、非球形指数),计算动脉瘤长宽比、宽颈比、纵横比和尺寸比,并记录动脉瘤位置信息。将多发动脉瘤中破裂责任动脉瘤纳入破裂组,其余动脉瘤纳入未破裂组。采用单因素分析及多因素二元Logistic分析评价破裂组和未破裂组形态学参数及动脉瘤位置信息的差异。结果56例破裂多发动脉瘤患者共126个动脉瘤纳入分析。在形态学方面,直径>5 mm[51.8%(29/56)比15.7%(11/70),P<0.01]、最大径>6 mm[57.1%(32/56)比25.7%(18/70),P<0.01]、入射角>107°[57.1%(32/56)比35.7%(25/70),P=0.016]、宽颈比>1.1[50.0%(28/56)比30.0%(21/70),P=0.022]、纵横比>1.1[46.4%(26/56)比25.7%(18/70),P=0.015]和尺寸比>1.9[57.1%(32/56)比10.0%(7/70),P<0.01]在破裂组与未破裂组之间差异均有统计学意义;在动脉瘤位置方面,破裂组动脉瘤主要位于颈内动脉后交通段[39.3%(22/56)]和大脑中动脉[23.2%(13/56)],而非破裂组动脉瘤主要位于大脑中动脉[28.6%(20/70)]和颈内动脉非后交通段[27.1%(19/70)],两组动脉瘤位置分布差异有统计学意义(P=0.003)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,尺寸比>1.9为动脉瘤破裂的独立危险因素(OR=11.62,95%CI:2.40~56.15;P=0.002)。在动脉瘤位置方面,颈内动脉后交通段动脉瘤的破裂风险高于颈内动脉非后交通段动脉瘤(OR=19.25,95%CI:2.19~169.51;P=0.008)。结论对于多发性颅内动脉瘤,动脉瘤的三维形态学参数中尺寸比>1.9是动脉瘤破裂的独立危险因素,颈内动脉后交通段动脉瘤的破裂风险明显高于颈内动脉非后交通段动脉瘤。

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患儿面部形态和舌骨位置的头影测量研究

目的分析阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患儿面部形态和舌骨位置的头影测量指标结果。方法随机选取78例OSAS患儿纳入OSAS组,另选取未接受过耳鼻喉科、正畸或语言治疗的78名健康体检儿童纳入健康对照组。2组儿童均接受耳鼻喉科评估和头影测量,且OSAS组患儿接受夜间多导睡眠描记(PSG)检查。结果面部头影测量结果显示,OSAS组面部前高度(N-Me)、面部前下高度(ANS-Me)均高于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);OSAS组面部上前高度(N-ANS)、面部后部总高度(S-Go)与健康对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。舌骨测量结果显示,OSAS组舌骨点至下颌平面的垂直距离(HyS)、舌骨体之最前上方至第三颈椎之最前下点的线性距离(C3-H)、舌骨最前点(Dh-H)、舌骨最前点至腭平面的垂直距离(HyMP)、舌骨最后点(Dv-H)均大于健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相较于健康儿童,OSAS患儿面部生长发育存在明显变化,表现为N-Me和ANS-Me增加,HyS、C3-H、HyMP、Dh-H、Dv-H增加。

基于激光视觉传感器的机械零件形貌检测方法

形貌检测一直机械零件加工的关键技术,当前机械零件形貌检测方法存在许多不足,形貌检测误差,耗时比较长,为了获得更加理想的机械零件形貌检测结果,设计了基于激光视觉传感器的机械零件形貌检测方法。首先研究机械零件形貌检测的研究现状,找到引起机械零件形貌检测效果差的原因,然后引入激光视觉传感器对机械零件图进行采集,并对原始图像进行去噪、均衡化处理,提取机械零件形貌检测特征,最后根据特征进行机械零件形貌检测,并进行了机械零件形貌检测仿真测试,结果表明,本方法对零件1的检测误差为3μm,对零件2的检测误差为5μm;对零件1的检测时间为7 ms,对零件2的检测时间为6.5 ms;有效减少了机械零件形貌检测误差,提高了机械零件形貌检测精度,具有更高的实际应用价值。

未成年人骶骨形态与耻骨联合相对位置三维数字化测量及临床意义

目的三维数字化研究0~18岁人的骶骨形态与耻骨联合位置在不同年龄段及性别间的变化规律,为制定符合未成年人骶骨发育特征的摄影体位、优化骶骨X线图像及诊断提供参考。方法将收集到的0~18岁全腹部CT分为0~6岁、7~12岁、13~18岁3个年龄组,导入mimics21.0,利用三维数字化图像重组技术测量骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)、骶1~2倾斜角(S_(1~2)T)、骶骨后凸角(sacral kyphosis,SK)、S_(2)椎体前缘与骶4尾1倾斜线夹角(α角)、S_(1)上终板与S_(2)椎体前缘夹角(β角)、S_(4)Co_(1)倾斜线与S_(1)上终板夹角(θ角)、耻骨联合上缘与骶骨下缘连线和躯体长轴垂线之间的夹角(角B),比较各参数在不同性别、年龄段间的差异。结果骶骨解剖学参数性别间比较,角B女性大于男性(P<0.001),其余无统计学差异;年龄组间比较,0~6岁组与13~18岁组SS、SK、α、β、θ,以及7~12岁组与13~18岁组SS差异有统计学意义,其余无统计学差异。结论未成年人生长发育过程中骶骨形态无性别差异,女性骶骨下缘与耻骨联合上缘所成角度大于男性。随年龄增长未成年人骶骨上端倾斜程度逐渐增加,骶骨下端倾斜程度逐渐减小。为获得更加清晰的骶骨影像,需根据性别、年龄调整X线入射角度。

白皮松溃疡病菌的鉴定、生物学特性及其对不同杀菌剂的敏感性研究

近年来,白皮松溃疡病在陕西省大量发生,严重影响了白皮松的经济和生态价值。为明确白皮松溃疡病的病原,通过组织分离法和柯赫氏法则致病性验证,分离获得白皮松溃疡病菌。通过组织切片观察、形态学特征及ITS-RPB2-β-tubulin序列的串联分析,将白皮松溃疡病菌鉴定为子囊菌门真菌Nothophoma quercina。该病原真菌在胡萝卜固体培养基上生长最快,最适碳源为淀粉,最适氮源为蛋白胨和牛肉浸膏,最适培养温度为25℃,最适pH为5~8。杀菌剂室内毒力测定结果表明,白皮松溃疡病菌对9种供试杀菌剂表现出不同的敏感性,除甲霜灵外,该病菌对化学杀菌剂的敏感性显著强于生物源杀菌剂,在化学杀菌剂中,白皮松溃疡病菌对苯醚甲环唑最敏感,EC 50仅为0.108 mg·L^(-1),其次分别为已唑醇、嘧菌酯和多菌灵,其相应的EC 50分别为0.212、0.625 mg·L^(-1)和0.628 mg·L^(-1);生物源杀菌剂中,该病菌对小檗碱和蛇床子素较敏感,其相应的EC 50分别为11.914 mg·L^(-1)和17.375 mg·L^(-1)。研究结果能为白皮松溃疡病的有效防控提供指导依据。

基于“入径结构”的城市街区形态测度方法

为了加强物质形态与行为活动的关联性分析,本文基于街道、场地和建筑三种形态要素之间的拓扑连接关系,提出量化表述城市街区形态特征的“入径结构”方法。建立了街区基本结构以及互锁、并合、套叠三种复杂结构类型的认知理念,基于图论工具提出复杂性指标体系及其计算方法。以南京为例,通过分析高楼门街区的内部构成逻辑,以及不同时期的三个城市中心区的街区类型特征,验证了该方法在两个尺度上的实用性与有效性。为认知城市街区形态结构的内在组织逻辑提供了一种科学的测量方法,也为城市设计在微观层面的精细化和数字化发展建立了技术基础。

Polarized imaging dynamic light scattering for simultaneous measurement of nanoparticle size and morphology

The performance of nanoparticles is often affected by particle size and morphology.Currently,electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy is typically utilized to determine the size and morphology of nanoparticles.However,there are issues such as difficult sample preparation,long processing times,and challenges in quantitative characterization.Therefore,it is of great significance to develop a fast,accu-rate,and statistical method to measure the size and morphology of nanoparticles.In this study,a new method,called polarized imaging dynamic light scattering(PIDLS),is proposed.The nanoparticles are irradiated with a vertical linearly polarized laser beam,and a polarization camera collected the dynamic light scattering images of particles at four different polarization directions(0°,45°,90°,and 135°)at a scattering angle of 90°.The average particle size and distribution are obtained using the imaging dy-namic light scattering method at 0°polarization direction,and the morphology of the particles is ob-tained based on the depolarization patterns of the scattered light.The optical sphericityΦis defined based on the degree of linear polarization(DoLP).It is also implemented for the quantitative evaluation of the sphericity of the nanoparticles,including spherical,octahedral,nanoplate,nanorod,and linear ones.Together with the Poincarésphere parameterψ,the morphology of the nanoparticles can be roughly identified.In addition,PIDLS enables the measurement of particle size and morphology distributions simultaneously for evaluating the uniformity of particles.The effectiveness of PIDLS is verified by the measurement of five kinds of industrial titanium dioxide as well.

东北稻区淹水胁迫下水稻反应机理及减灾措施

近年来,由于全球气候变暖引发的极端天气现象不断加剧,东北地区亦频繁发生洪涝灾害,对水稻生产造成严重威胁。文章探讨了淹水胁迫对水稻形态结构、产量和品质的影响机理,提出了洪涝灾害后的水稻减灾措施,包括及时排水清淤、分类治理受损植株、加强病虫害监测、科学合理使用农药等。

河域水陆分界线实时视觉识别方法研究

为实现全自动化无人测流的目标,现通过高分影像摄像机实时获取现场数据,针对河域边界实时视觉识别进行了方法研究和实验分析。研究过程中,首先对研究对象进行预处理以得到初步降噪的灰度图,然后采用阈值分割法进行二值化处理以得到水陆二值图,在二值图的基础上进行种子填充来避免非水体中连通域噪声的影响及数学形态学运算使水陆分界线的边缘特征连续且清晰,最后采用canny算子进行边缘检测提取并细化处理,最终实现了对河域水陆分界线的实时视觉识别。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地识别定位在碎石淤泥河沙等物复杂干扰下的水陆分界线,避免了目前测流工作中的人工目视识别定位水边线的弊端,为实现全自动化测流奠定坚实基础,可极大减少在河域测流工作中人力及财力的投入。

基于数学形态学的小孔径高斯光束光斑半径测量方法

为减小现有的激光光束光斑半径测量方法的测量误差,设计基于数学形态学的小孔径高斯光束光斑半径测量方法。对小孔径光斑几何特征进行划分,计算探测误差,获取光斑能量在探测器光敏面上的均匀分布函数,得到质心点到光斑轮廓点的距离。建立高斯光束光斑轮廓模型,获取位置轮廓的灵敏度,并计算其在某光斑点位的能量值,通过质心点的误差函数,得到光斑点的轮廓函数。基于数学形态学设计光斑半径测量方法,计算不同方向与尺度元素在对角线上的梯度幅值,得到激光光束光斑的半径长度。分析光照强度与发射角对测量精度的影响,实验结果显示:在该激光光束下,光照强度为80且发射角度为1.8时,测量误差最小。对比4种测量方法的测量误差,由数据可知,数学形态学的测量方法误差最小,可见该方法优于其他测量方法。

山地传统聚落的边界测度及其环境相关性研究--以湖南省通道县芋头侗寨为例

聚落边界是建筑群体布局与环境影响要素之间平衡互动的空间界面。山地传统聚落边界反映了山地人居建设适应复杂环境影响的发展逻辑,具有历史价值和现实意义。选取湖南省通道县芋头侗寨的边界空间作为研究对象,首先分别从宏观和微观角度测度其几何形态与空间图形的疏密态、深浅态和简繁态;然后通过图形叠加分析手段研究自然人文环境要素与边界空间形态构成的相关性;最后基于边界构成对环境影响的响应机制解译提出具体的保护建议,为我国传统聚落的边界研究与保护工作提供理论依据和方法参考。

基于聚焦深度法的刀具几何参数三维测量方法

刀具几何参数的精确测量是评估刀具性能的关键。针对复杂刀具几何参数难以测量的问题,基于聚焦深度法对其端面几何参数进行三维测量。首先,提出了一种适用于刀具端面序列图像的改进双阈值Tenengrad聚焦评价函数,通过局部像素分析确定了函数最佳计算窗口大小,在清晰度比率、陡峭度、清晰变化率、局部波动量评价指标下与常用聚焦函数进行了对比,验证了所提函数在计算刀具端面序列图像时更具有优势;其次,通过自适应sigmoid函数的图像增强算法实现了高对比度的刀具端面序列图像的获取,提升了三维测量效率,基于RANSCA算法对刀具后刀面点云表面进行平面拟合并提出了端面几何参数向量计算方法;最后,通过所构建的刀具测量系统对标准量块的阶梯深度进行了测量,误差为0.32%,并实现了刀具后刀面的三维形貌还原,进一步对主切削刃内、外刃顶角和直径参数进行测量。实验结果表明:顶角测量误差<0.3°,直径测量误差<3μm,优于Tenengrad函数对应角度(<1.9°)及直径(<13μm)测量结果,满足复杂刀具对角度(<0.5°)和直径(<10μm)的测量精度要求。

基于像差补偿的近红外显微干涉硅通孔测量

为了实现深宽比大于6∶1的硅通孔的形貌测量,提出了一种基于像差补偿的近红外显微干涉检测方法。该方法采用近红外宽带光作为光源,能够穿透硅通孔,检测系统中内置变形镜自适应像差补偿模块,主动补偿硅通孔引入的调制像差。在检测硅通孔三维形貌时,依据COMSOL Multiphysics有限元仿真软件得到的三维硅通孔高深宽比结构对探测光的调制像差规律,指导设置需变形镜补偿的像差种类和量值,用基于频域的评价函数指标阈值,判定硅通孔底部图像的聚焦状态,获得待测硅通孔清晰的底部图像,本质上提升探测光的重聚焦能力。在此基础上,使用垂直扫描干涉法得到待测硅通孔的深度与其三维形貌分布。实验测量了直径为10μm、深度为65μm、深宽比为6.5∶1和直径为10μm、深度为103μm、深宽比为10.3∶1的硅通孔深孔,并与高精度SEM的测量结果对比,深度测量的相对误差为1%。与白光显微干涉测量结果对比表明,本文所提出的方法可以获得清晰的高深宽比硅通孔的底部图像,有效增强底部的宽谱干涉信号和对比度,能够准确测量更高深宽比硅通孔的三维形貌。

基于组合形态学的齿轮参数视觉测量方法

为提高齿轮测量精度,提出一种基于组合形态学边缘检测算法的齿轮参数测量方法。对工业相机采集的齿轮图像做畸变矫正后进行滤波和二值化等预处理;针对传统边缘检测算法存在的不足,采用检测精度高、抗噪声性强的组合形态学边缘检测算子提取齿轮单像素边缘;采用连通域操作填充齿轮轴孔,利用质心法定位齿轮圆心;计算齿轮边缘点到圆心的距离;利用量块进行像素当量标定,转换后得到齿轮几何参数测量值。实验表明,对比几种边缘检测算法的测量精度和速度,所提出的齿轮参数视觉测量方法具有更高的测量精度和良好的抗噪性。