OsSRK1,an Atypical S-Receptor-Like Kinase Positively Regulates Leaf Width and Salt Tolerance in Rice

Receptor-like kinases(RLKs)are important for plant growth,development and defense responses.The S-receptor protein kinases(SRKs),which represent an RLK subfamily,control the selfincompatibility among Brassica species.However,little information is available regarding SRK functions in rice.We identified a gene OsSRK1 encoding an atypical SRK.The transcript of OsSRK1 was induced by abscisic acid(ABA),salt and polyethylene glycol.OsSRK1 localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm.Leaf width was increased in OsSRK1-overexpression(OsSRK1-OX)transgenic rice plants,likely because of an increase in cell number per leaf.Furthermore,the expression levels of OsCYCA3-1 and OsCYCD2-1,which encode positive regulators of cell division,were up-regulated in leaf primordium of OsSRK1-OX rice plants relative to those in wild type.Meanwhile,the expression level of OsKRP1,which encodes cell cycle inhibitor,was down-regulated in the OsSRK1-OX plants.Therefore,it is deduced that OsSRK1 regulates leaf width by promoting cell division in the leaf primordium.Additionally,OsSRK1-OX plants exhibited enhanced ABA sensitivity and salt tolerance compared with wild type.These results suggest that OsSRK1 plays important roles in leaf development and salt responses in rice.

Genetic Analysis of Leaf Length and Leaf Width in Bitter Gourd

[Objectives]To explore the genetic mechanism that leaf length and leaf width in bitter gourd has realistic guiding significance for formulating breeding strategy.[Methods]In this paper,the cross was made between CN19-1 and Thai4-6 and an F2segregation population was constructed.The genetic characteristics of leaf length and leaf width were analyzed by employing the major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model.[Results]The data analysis results demonstrated that the leaf length and leaf width of the F_(2) segregation population showed continuous distribution.The optimum model for leaf length genetic analysis was A-1,the additive effect value of the major gene was 3.1766,the dominant effect value was-3.1766,and the heritability was 74.51%.The optimum model for leaf width genetic analysis was B-1.The additive effect values of 2 pairs of major genes controlling the leaf width were 3.1917 and 0.9623,respectively.The dominant effect values were-1.3135 and-0.3463,respectively.The additive×additive interaction effect was-0.3591,the additive×dominant interaction effect was-0.2570,the dominant×additive interaction effect was 1.9916,the dominant×dominant interaction effect was 1.9686.The heritability of major genes was 96.67%.[Conclusions]This study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of bitter gourd.

Width-w NAF算法的能量攻击防范对策

介绍了椭圆曲线加密的快速算法、Width-wNAF算法及能量分析攻击方法;提出了width-wNAF算法的改进算法。在不增加主循环计算量的情况下,改进算法有效地抵抗了能量分析攻击,包括简单能量分析攻击、差分能量分析攻击、改进的差分能量分析攻击以及零值点攻击。

Allometric models for leaf area and leaf mass predictions across different growing seasons of elm tree(Ulmus japonica)

Convenient and effective methods to determine seasonal changes in individual leaf area(LA) and leaf mass(LM) of plants are useful in research on plant physiology and forest ecology.However,practical methods for estimating LA and LM of elm(Ulmus japonica) leaves in different periods have rarely been reported.We collected sample elm leaves in June,July and September.Then,we developed allometric models relating LA,LM and leaf parameters,such as leaf length(L) and width(W) or the product of L and W(LW).Our objective was to find optimal allometric models for conveniently and effectively estimating LA and LM of elm leaves in different periods.LA and LM were significantly correlated with leaf parameters(P<0.05),and allometric models with LW as an independent variable were best for estimating LA and LM in each period.A linear model was separately developed to predict LA of elm leaves in June,July and September,and it yielded high accuracies of 93,96 and 96%,respectively.Similarly,a specific allometric model for predicting LM was developed separately in three periods,and the optimal model form in both June and July was a power model,but the linear model was optimal for September.The accuracies of the allometric models in predicting LM were 88,83 and 84% for June,July and September,respectively.The error caused by ignoring seasonal variation of allometric models in predicting LA and LM in the three periods were 1–4 and 16–59%,respectively.

Change of the mode of failure by interface friction and width-to-height ratio of coal specimens

Bumps in coal mines have been recognized as a major hazard for many years. These sudden and violent failures around mine openings have compromised safety, ventilation and access to mine workings.Previous studies showed that the violence of coal specimen failure depends on both the interface friction and width-to-height(W/H) ratio of coal specimen. The mode of failure for a uniaxially loaded coal specimen or a coal pillar is a combination of both shear failure along the interface and compressive failure in the coal. The shear failure along the interface triggered the compressive failure in coal. The compressive failure of a coal specimen or a coal pillar can be controlled by changing its W/H ratio. As the W/H ratio increases, the ultimate strength increases. Hence, with a proper combination of interface friction and the W/H ratio of pillar or coal specimen, the mode of failure will change from sudden violent failure which is brittle failure to non-violent failure which is ductile failure. The main objective of this paper is to determine at what W/H ratio and interface friction the mode of failure changes from violent to non-violent. In this research, coal specimens of W/H ratio ranging from 1 to 10 were uniaxially tested under two interface frictions of 0.1 and 0.25, and the results are presented and discussed.

EFFECT OF GEAR WIDTH AND HELIX ANGLE ON FACTOR OF DYNAMIC LOAD OF DOUBLE CIRCULAR ARC HELICAL GEARING

Based on theory of mechanical dynamics, meshing characteristic as well as the dynamic model of double circular arc helical gearing, an analysis approach and a computer program have been developed for studying the state of dynamic load and factor of dynamic load of the gearing, the changing situation of dynamic load and dynamic load factor vs some affecting factors such as gear width, helix angle and accuracy grade etc are investigated. A series of conclusions are obtained: ①With the increasing in the values of gear width, the dynamic load factor appears slow decreasing tendency in most region of gear width. ② When the accuracy grades of the gearing are improved, the values of dynamic load factor decrease. ③ The value of dynamic load factor appears a decreasing tendency with the increasing of value of helix angle at the same ratio of critical rotational speed.

Interactive Effects of Elevated [CO₂] and Soil Water Stress on Leaf Morphological and Anatomical Characteristic of Paper Birch Populations

The leaf morphological and stomatal characteristics of four paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh) populations, grown at four treatment conditions of carbon dioxide [CO2] and soil water levels were investigated to determine whether future increases in atmospheric [CO2] and water deficit affected the leaf characteristics. The populations from Cussion Lake, Little Oliver, Skimikin and Wayerton were grown for 12 weeks under ambient (360 ppm) and elevated (720 ppm) [CO2] at both high and low water levels. The populations significantly differed in leaf area and stomatal characteristics due to the interaction effects of [CO2], water levels and population differences. Most leaf morphological characteristics and stomatal density varied due to the effects of [CO2] and/or populations, but not due to the effect of water levels. Although elevated [CO2] alone barely affected stomatal area of the birch populations, simultaneous elevated [CO2] at both water levels had stimulated stomatal characteristics within and among the populations. Overall, elevated [CO2] reduced leaf area and increased stomatal density;and low water level resulted in smaller stomatal area, pore area and guard cell width. However, the populations responded differently to an increase in [CO2] and water levels. All populations showed plastic responses with respect to [CO2] and water levels either by decreasing stomatal area under low water level or by increasing stomatal density under elevated [CO2]. Hence, integration between and within leaf characteristics had helped paper birch populations maintain balance between [CO2] gain and water loss.

基于实例分割技术的草莓叶龄及冠幅表型快速提取方法

[目的/意义]为解决高通量草莓叶龄及冠幅提取问题,提出一种基于移动式表型平台和实例分割技术的高通量表型提取方法。[方法]利用小型移动式表型平台对温室内盆栽草莓植株的俯拍图像进行数据获取,并利用改进型Mask R-CNN(Convolutional Neural Network)模型对图像进行处理,以此获取草莓植株叶龄信息。首先利用带有分组注意力模块的Split-Attention Networks(ResNeSt)骨干网络替换原有网络,从而提高图像特征信息提取精度和执行效率。在训练时,利用Mosaic方法对草莓图像进行数据增强,并且使用二元交叉熵损失函数对原本的交叉熵分类损失函数进行优化,以达到更好的植株与叶片的检测准确度。在此基础上,对训练结果进行后处理,利用标定比值对冠幅进行计算。[结果和讨论]该方法能够在ResNeSt-101骨干网络下,实现80.1%的掩膜准确率和89.6%的检测框准确率,并且能够以99.3%的植株检测正确率和98.0%的叶片数量检出率实现高通量的草莓叶龄估算工作。而模型推理后草莓植株南北和东西向冠幅测试值与真实值相比误差均低于5%的约占98.1%。[结论]该方法有着较高的鲁棒性,能够为智慧农业下高通量植物表型获取与解析工作提供技术支持。

自适应N-W核回归估计量的改进

文章研究了可变窗宽的自适应N-W核回归估计,并提出了一种改进的自适应N-W核回归估计。研究表明,在三种N-W核回归估计中,具有可变窗宽的自适应N-W核回归方法比固定窗宽的N-W核回归方法的估计效果更好,对于一个自适应N-W核回归估计量来说,使用算术均值得到的窗宽比使用几何均值得到的窗宽,在估计效果上有更大的优势。

W-型单模单偏振光纤的设计

本文通过基模截止波长和截止基模能量损耗的数值计算 ,设计了几种工作波长在 1 5 5 μm的高消光比宽波带W -型单模单偏振光纤。这些光纤的消光比大于 30dB ,波带宽近于 10 % 。

一种新型航空发动机涡轮叶片叶冠啮合面的修复技术

以一种新型航空发动机涡轮叶片叶冠的修复过程为实例,对其修复过程进行了分析,对修复过程中存在的问题及解决方法进行了论述,对修复过程所用夹具、测具进行了简单介绍,优化了包含热加工和冷加工的工艺过程参数,成功完成了新型叶片的叶冠修复。

小麦旗叶宽主效QTLQFlw-5B遗传效应解析

为了明确位于小麦5B染色体上的一个旗叶宽主效QTL QFlw-5B的遗传效应,对5B染色体进一步加密,从而缩小靶区段的范围,在加密图谱的基础上,利用衍生自科农9204×京411的188个重组自交系群体(KJ-RIL),对8个环境下旗叶宽做进一步的定位分析,将QFlw-5B定位于AX-110978403~AX-111671812的61.22~68.60 cM遗传距离范围内,能够解释9.40%~19.76%的旗叶宽表型变异,来自科农9204的等位基因增加旗叶宽0.04~0.07 cm。利用与QFlw-5B紧密连锁标记AX-108884656对188个KJ-RIL家系进行遗传分析,结果表明,QFlw-5B优异等位基因在8个环境下均能增加穗粒数,在6个环境下能增加千粒重和单株产量,而对单株穗数有一定的负效应。利用310份育成品种(系)对QFlw-5B优异单倍型的应用情况进行分析,结果表明,QFlw-5B优异单倍型虽然已经被育种家选择,但还有较大的遗传改良空间。

W+衰变产生两个双重味介子

利用量子色动力学中的非相对论量子色动力学理论(NRQCD),计算了中间玻色子W+在衰变过程中产生两个双重味夸克偶素态的衰变宽度,并结合大型对撞机LHC的参数给出可产生双重味夸克偶素态的几率.

Dosimetric evaluation of VMAT radiation therapy technique for breast cancer after conservative surgery based on three different types of multileaf collimators

Objective Radiotherapy combined with conservative surgery plays an important role in the treatment of early-stage breast cancer. Volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) has been introduced into clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dosimetric effects of different multileaf collimators(MLC) on VMAT radiotherapy plans for treating breast cancer.Methods Fifteen breast cancer patients who were treated using a conventional technique in our department were selected to participate in this retrospective analysis. VMAT plans based on three types of Elekta MLCs [Beam Modulator(BM) with 4-mm leaf width, Agility with 5-mm leaf width and MLCi2 with 10-mm leaf width] were independently generated for each patient. Plan comparisons were performed based on dose-volume histogram(DVH) analysis including dosimetric parameters such as the homogeneity index(HI), conformity index(CI), Dmax, Dmin, and Dmean for the planning treatment volume(PTV), in addition to dose-volume parameters for the organs at risk(OARs). The delivery efficiency of the three types of MLCs was compared in terms of the beam delivery time and the monitor units(MUs) per fraction for each plan. Results Both target uniformity and conformity were improved in plans for Agility and BM MLC compared with the plan using MLCi2. The mean HI decreased from 1.14 for MLCi2 to 1.13 for BM and 1.10 for Agility, while the mean CI increased from 0.68 for MLCi2 to 0.73 for BM and 0.75 for Agility. Furthermore, at both low and high dose levels, smaller volumes of ipsilateral lung, heart, contralateral lung, and breast were irradiated with Agility MLC than with the other two types of MLCs. The delivery time with Agility MLC was reduced by 10.8% and 32.1%, respectively, compared with that for MLCi2 and BM.Conclusion Our results indicate that the Agility MLC exhibits a dosimetric advantage and a significant improvement in delivery efficiency for the treatment of breast cancer using VMAT.

自紧式W形金属密封对汽缸中分面汽密性改善研究

为解决汽缸中分面局部汽密性薄弱问题,提出一种自紧式W形金属密封结构改善汽缸中分面局部汽密性的新方法。阐述自紧式W形密封的结构组成及改善汽缸局部汽密性工作机制。建立W形密封结构工作全过程有限元模型,分析工作全过程中W形密封结构的密封性能及压缩回弹性能,并研究各工作参数对接触压力、接触宽度的影响。结果表明,自紧式W形密封结构压缩-卸载后回弹率达到92.3%,具有优异回弹性能和重复使用性;高温承压后,接触区域最大接触应力及接触宽度均增大,具备良好的自紧特性;材料许可范围内,压缩量、工作压力增大,最大接触应力、接触宽度均增大,密封性能提高;温度升高,密封性能下降。W形密封结构可用于提高汽缸中分面汽密性薄弱区域密封性能。

一种W波段功能模块的工艺实现

W波段(110 GHz)功能模块的芯片与电路基片的拼接缝隙宽度和互连金丝跨距的控制方法的研究对于电讯性能的实现至关重要。采用仿真软件对W波段功能模块的组装缝隙宽度、金丝键合跨距进行了建模仿真,对比分析了上述因素对模块性能的影响。通过工艺优化与验证,给出了W波段功能模块的互连装配缝隙控制范围、金丝键合跨距参数范围,从而实现了功能模块设计的性能指标。

水稻和陆稻分化相关性状的QTL分析及水旱不同栽培条件下连续选择的影响

本研究以来自云南的地方品种Ch5-10和Ch6-11为亲本,后代用SSD方法而得到的RIL9群体为试验材料,对水、陆稻差异性状(始穗期、剑叶宽、株高等)进行了考察,并利用SSR分子标记构建遗传连锁图谱,进行了各性状的QTL定位;在自然和人工选择的过程中,栽培稻无论是形态上还是基因组上,都发生多种多样的变化。利用F 2群体(父、母本和前述的SSD群体相同)采用Bulk混合选择的方法,在F 4代开始进行水、旱田两种条件下种植,以模拟水陆稻的分化条件,经过5代的种植后繁殖成株系,分别得到CA、CB两个群体。对这两个群体的水陆稻差异性状(始穗期、最高分蘖数、有效分蘖数、剑叶宽、株高等)进行了考察。结果表明,利用SSD方法而得到的RIL9群体对始穗期、剑叶宽、株高等3个性状进行QTL分析,两年共检测到19个QTL,分别位于1,2,3,7,8,9,11号染色体上。其中株高qPH-1效应最大,贡献率为22%(2009年安徽),16%(2009年北京),16%(2010年北京),表现为来自亲本Ch5-10的等位基因增加株高;利用Bulk方法而得到的CA群体(经过水田筛选5代、289个株系)和CB群体(经过旱田筛选5代、332个株系),考察其最高分蘖数、有效分蘖数、始穗期、株高、剑叶宽等5个性状。2009年安徽和北京两地试验发现:两群体间除安徽始穗期和北京剑叶宽差异不显著外,其他性状差异均达到极显著水平。根据氯酸钾抗性和低温发芽力的QTL定位结果,选择qSLtr-2、qSLratio-2、qRL28-2-1和qRL28-4附近的标记RM166、RM5472、RI05751和RM5979,及未定位到QTL的标记RM259对CA群体和CB群体进行基因型分析,两群体间t测验结果表明,RM5472、RI05751和RM5979差异均达到极显著水平,RM259和RM166差异不显著。说明在人工模拟水、陆稻选择的条件下这2个群体有了明显的分化。

烟草叶宽性状主效QTL定位及育种评价

为研究烟草叶宽性状调控的遗传规律,定位其主效QTL位点,利用烟草SNP芯片对构建的重组自交系(Recombinant Inbred Lines, RILs)群体(小黄金1025×Beinhart1000-1)进行基因分型,并使用IciMapping 4.2软件的ICIM-ADD方法在全基因组范围内定位到6个与叶宽性状相关的QTL,分别位于2、4、9、13、17和20号连锁群上,可以解释2.9%~36.8%的表型遗传变异;其中qMLW20-1可解释36.8%的表型变异,为主效基因。以K326为轮回亲本、Samsun为主效基因qMLW20-1供体亲本构建染色体片段代换系评估烟草叶宽主效QTL的遗传效应,结果表明,导入qMLW20-1主效基因能显著提高烟叶叶宽,其中G3材料显著提高了烟叶钾含量,感官质量等其他重要性状与对照无显著性差异,未携带不良性状基因,具有较好的育种利用价值。研究结果为克隆叶宽性状主效基因和进行分子改良奠定了基础。

烤烟新品系LY1306烘烤前后叶片变化和失水率研究

为研究烤烟新品系LY1306烘烤前后叶片变化情况,以秦烟96为对照,采用智能烤箱,分3次取下、中、上各部位烟叶,挂牌标记,烘烤前后分别测量叶长、叶宽和单叶质量,计算叶片失水率。结果表明,烘烤后,LY1306上、中、下部叶长分别减少10.93%、12.60%、11.51%,叶宽分别减少20.58%、24.56%、21.34%,叶长和叶宽失水率均小于秦烟96;2个品种(系)叶片干鲜比均表现为上部>中部>下部,LY1306上、中、下部叶片干鲜比均大于秦烟96。

玉米叶宽的QTL定位及全基因组选择分析

【目的】分析控制玉米叶宽的关键QTL位点,为选育具有理想株型的玉米奠定基础。【方法】以玉米自交系B73和郑58为亲本构建F 2∶3家系,采用液相48k探针捕获技术检测基因型,对多环境下玉米叶宽表型进行QTL定位和全基因组选择。【结果】叶宽在基因型、环境、基因型与环境的互作变异项都具有显著差异,遗传力为0.39。共检测到12个穗位叶宽相关QTL位点,分别位于第1、3、4、5、8和10号染色体,表型贡献率为3.75%~16.17%。位于bin 1.06和bin 5.01的2个QTL在多环境下被检测到,具有环境稳定性,其中位于bin 5.01的QTL为主效位点,可用于精细定位研究。当SNP标记个数为300、训练群体占总群体50%时即可得到较好的预测精度。【结论】玉米叶宽是由主效多基因控制的,全基因组选择可以加速玉米叶宽性状的选育效率。