Effect of Lewis acid-base additive on lead-free Cs_(2)SnI_(6) thin film prepared by direct solution coating process

Inorganic Cs_(2)SnI_(6) perovskite has exhibited substantial potential for light harvesting due to its exceptional optoelectronic properties and remarkable stability in ambient conditions.The charge transport characteristics within perovskite films are subject to modulation by various factors,including crystalline orientation,morphology,and crystalline quality.Achieving preferred crystalline orientation and film morphology via a solution-based process is challenging for Cs_(2)SnI_(6) films.In this work,we employed thiourea as an additive to optimize crystal orientation,enhance film morphology,promote crystallization,and achieve phase purity.Thiourea lowers the surface energy of the(222)plane along the(111)direction,confirmed by x-ray diffraction,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy studies,and density functional theory calculations.Varying thiourea concentration enables a bandgap tuning of Cs_(2)SnI_(6) from 1.52 eV to1.07 eV.This approach provides a novel method for utilizing Cs_(2)SnI_(6) films in high-performance optoelectronic devices.

W^(6+)离子掺杂对NiCuZn铁氧体的微观结构及电磁性能的影响

用传统的氧化物法制备了NiZnCu铁氧体,研究了掺杂W6+离子对Ni0.24Zn0.56Cu0.2Fe2O4铁氧体磁性能及微观结构的影响。实验发现,掺杂W6+离子后NiCuZn铁氧体的微观结构有显著变化,晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,晶粒趋于均匀。同时,W6+离子的加入对材料电磁性能也有一定的改善,随着W6+离子的增加,材料截止频率增高,介电常数ε′增大。

Effects of Ti-based additives on Mg_2FeH_6 dehydrogenation properties

Mg2FeH6 doped with and without Ti and its alloys (TiMn2, TiAl) were prepared combing ball milling and heat treatment. The effects of these additives on the dehydrogenation performance of Mg2FeH6 were studied systematically. The results show that all additives have favor influence on improving the hydrogen desorption property of Mg2FeH6. Especially, TiMn2 exhibits prominent effect on enhancing the dehydrogenation kinetics of Mg2FeH6. Moreover, the activation energy of TiMn2-doped Mg2FeH6 calculated by Kissinger equation is 94.87 kJ/mol, which is 28 kJ/mol lower than that of the undoped Mg2FeH6. The cycling tests suggest that the improved dehydrogenation kinetics of Mg2FeH6 doped by TiMn2 can maintain in the second cycle.

w^6＋掺杂TiO2纳米材料化学吸附与氧敏特性研究

以TiCl3为钛源，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备W^6＋掺杂TiO2纳米粉体，经400℃低温烧结1h，即可得到以金红石相为主相的TiO2基氧敏材料。采用XRD、BET、TPD等手段对其进行表征、分析，结果表明W^6＋掺杂有利于形成以金红石相为主相的晶体结构，使样品的晶粒尺寸减小、比表面积增加，使氧敏特性提高，其中12％（摩尔分数）W^6＋／TiO2的氧气化学吸附量最大，敏感层表面对氧气的活性最高；在低工作条件（115℃）及1×10^-4氧气下，W^6＋掺杂TiO2的厚膜型气敏元件氧敏特性得以明显提高，且掺杂12％（摩尔分数）W^6＋灵敏度最佳（S=16．5）。

Effect of Mixed Solvents and Additives on the Habit Modification of 6-APA Crystals

6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) crystals obtained under different physical and chemical conditions of the solutions may present different habits. The habits of diamond-shaped plates are desirable compared with other habits of 6-APA crystals. To obtain ideal 6-APA crystals, the effects of the mixed solvents and additives on 6-APA crystal habits were investigated. Ethanol or acetone was used as the organic solvent, and impurities existing in the 6-APA purification process were used as the additives. 6-APA growth habits were changed when the concentrations of ethanol, acetone or phenyl acetic acid were increased to exceed their critical concentration. The observed results show that the dominant face on 6-APA crystals was identified to be {020}, but the overall habit was controlled by the relative growth rates of the {101} and {002} faces. Crystal growth rates and habits can be appreciably changed by specific adsorption of additives on crystal faces.In some cases solvent molecules can act in a similar way and may be regarded as bulk additives. The effects of additives and organic solvents on 6-APA crystal habits were the results of adsorption effect, which fitted the experimental results quite well.

Electrochemical dissolution and passivation of laser additive manufactured Ti6Al4V controlled by elements segregation and phases distribution

The electrochemical dissolution and passivation of laser additive manufactured Ti6Al4V were investigated through Tafel polarization,potentiostatic polarization and AC impedance measurements.The results show that the solution treatment−aging(STA)process aggravates the element micro-segregation compared to the annealing process,leading to varied Al and V contents of the phases from different samples.It is proven that either Al-rich or V-rich condition can highly affect the electrochemical dissolution behaviors due to thermodynamical instability caused by element segregation.The dissolution rate in the metastable passivation process is controlled by the stability of the produced film that is affected by phases distribution,especially the difficult-to-dissolve phase.And then,the dissolution rate of the phases in the transpassivation region is consistent with the rank in the activation process because the dense film is not capable of being produced.Compared to the annealed sample,the higher dissolution rate of the STA sample is beneficial to the electrochemical machining(ECM)of Ti6Al4V.

Compatibility research of laser additive repairing TA15 forgings with Ti6Al4V-xTA15 alloy

The application of mixed powders with different mass fraction on laser additive repairing(LAR)can be an effective way to guarantee the performance and functionality of repaired part in time.A convenient and feasible approach is presented to repair TA15 forgings by employing Ti6Al4V-xTA15 mixed powders in this paper.The performance compatibility of Ti6Al4V-xTA15 powders from the aspects of microhardness,tensile property,heat capacity,thermal expansion coefficient and corrosion resistance with the TA15 forgings was fully investigated.The primaryαlaths were refined and the volume fraction of the secondaryαphase was increased by increasing the mass fraction of TA15 in the mixed Ti6Al4V-xTA15 powders,leading to varied performances.In conclusion,the mixed Ti6Al4V-70%TA15(x=70%)powders is the most suitable candidate and is recommended as the raw material for LAR of TA15 forgings based on overall consideration of the compatibility calculations of the laser repaired zone with the wrought substrate zone.

Fatigue Property of Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V under Nonproportional Multiaxial Loading

The low cycle fatigue strength properties of the additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy are experimentally investi-gated under proportional and nonproportional multiaxial loading.The fatigue tests were conducted using hollow cylinder specimens with and without heat treatments,at room temperature in air.Two fatigue tests were conducted:one for proportional loading and one for nonproportional loading.The proportional loading was represented by a push-pull strain path(PP)and the nonproportional loading by a circle strain path(Cl).The failure lives of the additively manufactured specimens were clearly reduced drastically by internal voids and defects.However,the sizes of the defects were measured,and the defects were found not to cause a reduction in fatigue strength above a critical size.The fracture surface was observed using scanning electron microscopy to investigate the fracture mechanisms of the additively manufactured specimens under the two types of strain paths.Different fracture patterns were recognized for each strain paths;however,both showed retention of the crack propagation,despite the presence of numerous defects,probably because of the interaction of the defects.The crack propagation properties of the materials with numerous defects under nonproportional multiaxial loading were clarified to increase the reliability of the additively manufactured components.

Microstructure Evolution and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Laser Additive Manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V Under High Strain Rate

The dynamic mechanical properties of the Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)alloy prepared by laser additive manufacturing(LAM-TC4)under the high strain rate(HSR)are proposed.The dynamic compression experiments of LAM-TC4 are conducted with the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)equipment.The results show that as the strain rate increases,the widths of the adiabatic shear band(ASB),the micro-hardness,the degree of grain refinement near the ASB,and the dislocation density of grains grow gradually.Moreover,the increase of dislocation density of grains is the root factor in enhancing the yield strength of LAM-TC4.Meanwhile,the heat produced from the distortion and dislocations of grains promotes the heat softening effect favorable for the recrystallization of grains,resulting in the grain refinement of ASB.Furthermore,the contrastive analysis between LAM-TC4 and TC4 prepared by forging(F-TC4)indicates that under the HSR,the yield strength of LAM-TC4 is higher than that of F-TC4.

Additively manufactured Ti–Ta–Cu alloys for the next-generation load-bearing implants

Bacterial colonization of orthopedic implants is one of the leading causes of failure and clinical complexities for load-bearing metallic implants. Topical or systemic administration of antibiotics may not offer the most efficient defense against colonization, especially in the case of secondary infection, leading to surgical removal of implants and in some cases even limbs. In this study, laser powder bed fusion was implemented to fabricate Ti3Al2V alloy by a 1:1 weight mixture of CpTi and Ti6Al4V powders. Ti-Tantalum(Ta)–Copper(Cu) alloys were further analyzed by the addition of Ta and Cu into the Ti3Al2V custom alloy. The biological,mechanical, and tribo-biocorrosion properties of Ti3Al2V alloy were evaluated. A 10 wt.% Ta(10Ta) and 3 wt.% Cu(3Cu) were added to the Ti3Al2V alloy to enhance biocompatibility and impart inherent bacterial resistance. Additively manufactured implants were investigated for resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains of bacteria for up to 48 h. A 3 wt.% Cu addition to Ti3Al2V displayed improved antibacterial efficacy, i.e.78%–86% with respect to CpTi. Mechanical properties for Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy were evaluated, demonstrating excellent fatigue resistance, exceptional shear strength, and improved tribological and tribo-biocorrosion characteristics when compared to Ti6Al4V. In vivo studies using a rat distal femur model revealed improved early-stage osseointegration for alloys with10 wt.% Ta addition compared to CpTi and Ti6Al4V. The 3 wt.% Cu-added compositions displayed biocompatibility and no adverse infammatory response in vivo. Our results establish the Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy’s synergistic effect on improving both in vivo biocompatibility and microbial resistance for the next generation of load-bearing metallic implants.

Grain selection and growth orientation of prior-β phase for Ti-6-4 during additive manufacturing:insights from a modeling perspective

The microstructure of Ti-6-4 components produced by additive manufacturing suffers from the coarse and elongated prior-β grain,which leads to a decrease of the tensile behavior and the occurrence of anisotropy.To understand and control the grain evolution,a multiscale simulation is applied to investigate the relationship between the grain selection,growth orientation,and the molten pool morphology with the different deposition layer numbers and processing parameters.The accuracy of the simulation is validated by experiments in both qualitative and quantitative ways.Results show that when the grain with unfavorable orientation loses the competitive growth with its neighbors,there will be a great chance that the blocked grain is eliminated in the following layer-and-layer deposition,which leads to the increase of the grain width.The size of the molten pool increases remarkably as the layer number increases,which lays a heavy burden on the stability of the molten pool.The analytical relationship between the molten pool morphology and the grain growth orientation is also deduced.The flat molten pool causes the grains with the <001> direction close to the building direction to have greater survival potential.Besides,decreasing the line power energy shows little effect on the stability of the molten pool and the grain growth orientation,especially when the deposited layer number is large.The revealing mechanisms will help in understanding and further controlling the grain evolution.

Strengthening and toughening of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy by hybrid deposition and synchronous micro-rolling

To overcome the disadvantages of inhomogeneous microstructures and poor mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloys,a novel technique of hybrid deposition and synchronous micro-rolling is proposed.The micro-rolling leads to equiaxed prior β grains,thin discontinuous intergranular α,and equiaxed primary α,in contrast to the coarse columnar prior β grains without the application of micro-rolling.The recrystallization by micro-rolling results in discontinuous intergranular α via the mechanism of strain and interface-induced grain boundary migration.The evolution of α globularization,driven by a solute concentration gradient,starts from the sub-boundary until the formation of equiaxed primary α.Simultaneous strengthening and toughening are achieved,which means an increase in yield strength,ultimate tensile strength,fracture elongation,and work hardening rate.The formation of α recrystallization leads to more fine grain boundaries to strengthen the yield strength,and the improvement of ductility is due to the better-coordinated deformation ability of discontinuous intergranular α and equiaxed primary α.As a result,the fracture mode in micro-rolling changes from intergranular type to transgranular type.

PWR一回路注锌对316L不锈钢及钴基合金腐蚀和腐蚀产物释放的影响规律

在模拟压水堆一回路水化学环境中,对主管道316L不锈钢和Stellite 6钴基合金分别开展了0,10,40μg·L^(-1)三种Zn质量浓度的均匀腐蚀试验.试验结束后,采用失重法计算两种材料的腐蚀速率和腐蚀产物释放速率,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜能谱仪(TEM-EDS)以及高分辨和傅里叶转变分析氧化膜表面形貌、截面形貌、厚度、元素分布以及双层氧化膜相结构.结果表明,对于316L不锈钢,1000 h内10μg·L^(-1) Zn的注入对腐蚀速率和释放速率影响不显著,增加Zn质量浓度至40μg·L^(-1)后,316L不锈钢的腐蚀速率、腐蚀产物释放速率和氧化膜厚度显著降低,其中氧化膜厚度由250 nm降低至95 nm.对于具有双相结构的Stellite 6钴基合金,γ-Co基体和碳化物间存在电偶腐蚀效应,γ-Co基体和相界腐蚀更显著.进一步延长腐蚀时间至3000 h,发现10μg·L^(-1) Zn注入可以显著降低其腐蚀速率和腐蚀产物释放速率,当Zn质量浓度增加至40μg·L^(-1)时,钴基合金的腐蚀速率、腐蚀产物释放速和氧化膜厚度进一步降低.微观分析表明,注锌对两种合金腐蚀抑制机理相似,注入的Zn离子会在金属表面形成含Zn的尖晶石结构,显著提高外层氧化膜的致密性,阻碍金属离子向外扩散及氧离子向内扩散,促进内层氧化膜/基体界面处保护性Cr_(2)O_(3)的形成,进而显著降低316L不锈钢和Stellite 6钴基合金的腐蚀速率、腐蚀产物释放速率和氧化膜厚度.

PVF和CaHPO_4对Nylon 6的热行为和晶型的影响

利用ＤＳＣ法研究了甲酸部分酯化聚乙烯醇（ＰＶＦ）和二价金属盐ＣａＨＰＯ４对晶态－非晶态Ｎｙｌｏｎ６／ＰＶＦ共混体系中Ｎｙｌｏｎ６的熔融、结晶及晶型结构的影响．结果表明，非晶态ＰＶＦ虽降低了Ｎｙｌｏｎ６的结晶能力，却使Ｎｙｌｏｎ６能同时形成α和γ两种晶型；γ晶型的相对含量（Ｉγ）随共混物中ＰＶＦ含量的增加而增加，而α晶型则相反；在相同的共混组成条件下，ＣａＨＰＯ４有利于Ｎｙｌｏｎ６γ晶型形成．非等温结晶动力学结果表明，非晶态ＰＶＦ对Ｎｙｌｏｎ６的结晶生长速率和结晶生长方式均有显著影响；ＣａＨＰＯ４导致Ｎｙｌｏｎ６从熔体中结晶出现前期和后期结晶，前期和后期结晶的结晶生长速率均明显增大，表明ＣａＨＰＯ４影响Ｎｙｌｏｎ６的成核并起成核剂的作用．

6─溴─苯并噻唑偶氮变色酸双波长标准加入法同时测定铁和铝的研究

于５５℃水浴加热条件下，在阳离子表面活性剂ＣＴＭＡＢ存在的ＨＡｃＮａＡｃ（ｐＨ６２）缓冲介质中，Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）和Ａｌ（Ⅲ）均能与６溴苯并噻唑偶氮变色酸（６ＢｒＢＴＣＡ）形成有色配合物，其最大吸收波长分别为６６４ｎｍ和６４２ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数分别为１１４×１０５和１０８×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１，配合物吸光度至少稳定２４ｈ，组成比均为ｎＭ∶ｎＲ＝１∶２。用双波长标准加入法同时测定铁和铝，方法灵敏度高且消除了吸收光谱严重重叠的影响，用于硅砖、石灰石中铁和铝的同时测定。

加减补肺汤对COPD肺气虚证大鼠血浆中6-K-PGF1α TXB2含量的影响

采用烟熏复合木瓜蛋白酶雾化吸入法复制Wistav大鼠COPD"肺气虚证"模型。并给予加减补肺汤治疗,观察大鼠血浆中6-K-PGF1α、TXB2含量,探讨其作用机理。研究结果显示,加减补肺汤能显著降低TXB2、提高6-K-PGF1α含量,减轻呼吸道的损伤,对促进机体和肺组织功能状态的恢复有一定的作用。

MAF-6作为无水钙基润滑脂添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

以金属多氮唑骨架材料(MAF-6)作为润滑脂固体添加剂,考察其在润滑脂中的摩擦学性能。结果表明,MAF-6作为添加剂能有效提高基础脂的摩擦学性能,在高往复频率、高运行载荷和延长运行时间的条件下,MAF-6脂能够保持优异的减摩抗磨性能。研究其润滑机制发现,在运行过程中,拥有柔性晶体结构的球状MAF-6能够粘附在金属表面,表现出优良的润滑性能。

6-氟-4-氧代-3,4-二氢-2H-1-苯并吡喃-2-甲酸的合成

以对氟苯酚为原料,经酚羟基甲基化、与顺丁烯二酸酐发生傅-克酰基化反应、在碱性条件下迈克尔加成环合,合成6-氟-4-氧代-3,4-二氢-2H-1-苯并吡喃-2-甲酸。研究了环合反应条件,得到了最佳反应条件:以10%NaHCO3为催化剂,回流温度下,反应时间15min环合为最佳。总产率78%。

饲料添加剂中维生素E和维生素B_6的反相液相色谱测定

采用反相高效液相色谱测定饲料添加剂中维生素Ｅ和维生素Ｂ６．采用甲醇萃取维生素Ｅ，回收率达８５％．方法重现性好，步骤简单，分析速度快．

MgO烧结助剂对CaZr4（PO4）6陶瓷力学性能及热膨胀系数的影响

用共沉淀法制备了CaZr4(PO4)6陶瓷粉体,并以MgO为烧结助剂,在1200℃~1400℃下烧结制备出CaZr4(PO4)6陶瓷。研究了MgO烧结助剂对CaZr4(PO4)6陶瓷的物相组成、显微结构、力学性能及热膨胀系数的影响。实验结果表明,添加适量的MgO可以促进CaZr4(PO4)6陶瓷的烧结,明显提升其力学性能。尽管MgO的添加会产生少量的第二相Mg3(PO4)2,但该第二相的生成使CaZr4(PO4)6陶瓷的热膨胀系数由负值趋近于零。当MgO的添加量为0.30 wt%时,所制备的CaZr4(PO4)6陶瓷综合性能最好:相对密度为96.5%,热膨胀系数为-1.4×10^-6/℃,抗弯强度为44.2 MPa。