Hydrocarbon accumulation and orderly distribution of whole petroleum system in marine carbonate rocks of Sichuan Basin,SW China

Based on the situation and progress of marine oil/gas exploration in the Sichuan Basin,SW China,the whole petroleum system is divided for marine carbonate rocks of the basin according to the combinations of hydrocarbon accumulation elements,especially the source rock.The hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of each whole petroleum system are analyzed,the patterns of integrated conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon accumulation are summarized,and the favorable exploration targets are proposed.Under the control of multiple extensional-convergent tectonic cycles,the marine carbonate rocks of the Sichuan Basin contain three sets of regional source rocks and three sets of regional cap rocks,and can be divided into the Cambrian,Silurian and Permian whole petroleum systems.These whole petroleum systems present mainly independent hydrocarbon accumulation,containing natural gas of affinity individually.Locally,large fault zones run through multiple whole petroleum systems,forming a fault-controlled complex whole petroleum system.The hydrocarbon accumulation sequence of continental shelf facies shale gas accumulation,marginal platform facies-controlled gas reservoirs,and intra-platform fault-and facies-controlled gas reservoirs is common in the whole petroleum system,with a stereoscopic accumulation and orderly distribution pattern.High-quality source rock is fundamental to the formation of large gas fields,and natural gas in a whole petroleum system is generally enriched near and within the source rocks.The development and maintenance of large-scale reservoirs are essential for natural gas enrichment,multiple sources,oil and gas transformation,and dynamic adjustment are the characteristics of marine petroleum accumulation,and good preservation conditions are critical to natural gas accumulation.Large-scale marginal-platform reef-bank facies zones,deep shale gas,and large-scale lithological complexes related to source-connected faults are future marine hydrocarbon exploration targets in the Sichuan Basin.

Geophysical and Crustal Movement Characteristic of Western Sichuan Basin

Analysis and research of large complex phenomena before and after the devastating earthquake to reduce the threat of natural disasters to human survival environment is of great significance.This paper analyzes the Wenchuan earthquake zone characteristics of gravity anomaly distributions,and then use edge detection and Euler deconvolution method to inverse Longmenshan gravity anomaly before earthquake.Fault distribution features and the general depth about the fault top of Longmenshan and its adjacent area before earthquake has been obtained.Morphology difference and possible earthquake formation have been analyzed through the Euler deconvolution result of gravity anomaly profile before and after the earthquake.

Facies-controlled prediction of dolomite reservoirs in the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in Shuangyushi,northwestern Sichuan Basin

The Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the Shuangyushi area,northwestern Sichuan Basin,develops shoal-facies dolomite reservoirs.To pinpoint promising reservoirs in the Qixia Formation,deep thin shoal-facies dolomite reservoirs were predicted using the techniques of pre-stack Kirchhoff-Q compensation for absorption,inverse Q filtering,low-to high-frequency compensation,forward modeling,and facies-controlled seismic meme inversion.The results are obtained in six aspects.First,the dolomite reservoirs mainly exist in the middle and lower parts of the second member of Qixia Formation(Qi2 Member),which coincide with the zones shoal cores are developed.Second,the forward modeling shows that the trough energy at the top and bottom of shoal core increases with increasing shoal-core thickness,and weak peak reflections are associated in the middle of shoal core.Third,five types of seismic waveform are identified through waveform analysis of seismic facies.Type-Ⅰ and Type-Ⅱ waveforms correspond to promising facies(shoal core microfacies).Fourth,vertically,two packages of thin dolomite reservoirs turn up in the sedimentary cycle of intraplatform shoal in the Qi2 Member,and the lower package is superior to the upper package in dolomite thickness,scale and lateral connectivity.Fifth,in plane,significantly controlled by sedimentary facies,dolomite reservoirs laterally distribute with consistent thickness in shoal cores at topographical highs and extend toward the break.Sixth,the promising prospects are the zones with thick dolomite reservoirs and superimposition of horstegraben structural traps.

Depositional model of the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex of the Dengying Formation in the southwestern Sichuan Basin, SW China: Implications for the Ediacaran microbial mound construction and hydrocarbon exploration

Recent advances in hydrocarbon exploration have been made in the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex reservoirs of the Dengying Formation in the western Sichuan Basin, SW China,where the depositional process is regarded confusing. The microfacies, construction types, and depositional model of the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been investigated using unmanned aerial vehicle photography, outcrop section investigation, thin section identification,and seismic reflections in the southwestern Sichuan Basin. The microbialite lithologic textures in this region include thrombolite, dendrolite, stromatolite, fenestral stromatolite, spongiostromata stone,oncolite, aggregated grainstone, and botryoidal grapestone. Based on the comprehensive analysis of“depositional fabrics-lithology-microfacies”, an association between a fore mound, mound framework,and back mound subfacies has been proposed based on water depth, current direction, energy level and lithologic assemblages. The microfacies of the mound base, mound core, mound flank, mound cap, and mound flat could be recognized among the mound framework subfacies. Two construction types of marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been determined based on deposition location, mound scale, migration direction, and sedimentary facies association. Type Jinkouhe microbial mound constructions(TJMMCs) develop along the windward margin owing to their proximity to the seaward subfacies fore mound, with a northeastwardly migrated microbial mound on top of the mud mound,exhibiting the characteristics of large-sized mounds and small-sized banks in the surrounding area. Type E'bian microbial mound constructions(TEMMCs) primarily occur on the leeward margin, resulting from the presence of onshore back mound subfacies, with the smaller southwestward migrated microbial mounds existing on a thicker microbial flat. The platform margin microbial mound depositional model can be correlated with certain lateral comparison profile and seismic reflection structures in the 2D seismic section, which can provide references for future worldwide exploration. Microbial mounds with larger buildups and thicker vertical reservoirs are typically targeted on the windward margin, while small-sized microbial mounds and flats with better lateral connections are typically focused on the leeward margin.

Characteristics and main controlling factors of intra-platform shoal thin-layer dolomite reservoirs:A case study of Middle Permian Qixia Formation in Gaoshiti-Moxi area of Sichuan Basin,SW China

Based on the study of the distribution of intra-platform shoals and the characteristics of dolomite reservoirs in the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the Gaoshiti–Moxi area of the Sichuan Basin,SW China,the controlling factors of reservoir development were analyzed,and the formation model of“intra-platform shoal thin-layer dolomite reservoir”was established.The Qixia Formation is a regressive cycle from bottom to top,in which the first member(Qi1 Member)develops low-energy open sea microfacies,and the second member(Qi2 Member)evolves into intra-platform shoal and inter-shoal sea with decreases in sea level.The intra-platform shoal is mainly distributed near the top of two secondary shallowing cycles of the Qi2 Member.The most important reservoir rock of the Qixia Formation is thin-layer fractured-vuggy dolomite,followed by vuggy dolomite.The semi-filled saddle dolomite is common in fracture-vug,and intercrystalline pores and residual dissolution pores combined with fractures to form the effective pore-fracture network.Based on the coupling analysis of sedimentary and diagenesis characteristics,the reservoir formation model of“pre-depositional micro-paleogeomorphology controlling shoal,sedimentary shoal controlling dolomite,penecontemporaneous dolomite benefiting preservation of pores,and late hydrothermal action effectively improving reservoir quality”was systematically established.The“first-order high zone”micro-paleogeomorphology before the deposition of the Qixia Formation controlled the development of large area of intra-platform shoals in Gaoshiti area during the deposition of the Qi2 Member.Shoal facies is the basic condition of early dolomitization,and the distribution range of intra-platform shoal and dolomite reservoir is highly consistent.The grain limestone of shoal facies is transformed by two stages of dolomitization.The penecontemporaneous dolomitization is conducive to the preservation of primary pores and secondary dissolved pores.The burial hydrothermal fluid enters the early dolomite body along the fractures associated with the Emeishan basalt event,makes it recrystallized into medium–coarse crystal dolomite.With the intercrystalline pores and the residual vugs after the hydrothermal dissolution along the fractures,the high-quality intra-platform shoal-type thin-layer dolomite reservoirs are formed.The establishment of this reservoir formation model can provide important theoretical support for the sustainable development of Permian gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin.

Effects of Intracratonic Strike-slip Fault on the Differentiation of Carbonate Microfacies: A Case Study of a Permian Platform Margin in the Sichuan Basin(SW China)

In intracratnoic basins, the effect of strike-slip faults on sedimentary microfacies is generally underestimated due to their small scale. Based on the integration of core, well logs, and three-dimensional seismic data, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the Permian carbonate platform and strike-slip faults in the southwestern Kaijiang-Liangping trough of the Sichuan Basin. The relationship between strike-slip faults and Permian carbonate microfacies is investigated. The results reveals the existence of a NW-trending strike-slip fault zone along the platform margin, exhibiting clear segmentation. The western side of the study area exhibits a rimmed platform margin characterized by type I reefs, which corresponds to the presence of a large-scale strike-slip fault zone. In contrast, the eastern side is characterized by a norimmed and weak rimmed platform margin, accompanied by type II reefs, which align with smaller strike-slip fault zones. It was found that the strike-slip fault had some effects on the platform and reef-shoal complex of the Permain Changxing Formation. First, the platform was divided by strike-slip fault into three segments to show rimmed, week rimmed and norimmed platform. Second, reef-shoal complex devolped along the faulted high position in the strike-slip fault zone, and separated by faulted depression. Third, strike-slip faults can offset or migrated the reef-shoal complex and platform margin. Additionally, the thickness of the platform margin varies across strike-slip fault zone, which is related to the activity of strike-slip faults. The strike-slip faults affect the microfacies by controlling the pre-depositional paleotopography. This case suggests that the strike-slip faults play a crucial role in the diversity and distribution of carbonate microfacies in the intracratonic basin.

Exploring Paths for the High-Quality Development of Forest-Based Wel ness Industry:A Case Study of Sichuan Province

The forest-based wellness industry,as a rapidly growing sector that integrates various business forms with extensive coverage and an extended industrial chain,is undergoing rapid development due to the increasing aging population and people's suboptimal health conditions.As a forerunner in developing the forest-based wellness industry,Sichuan province is known for its early development,proactive efforts,diverse models,and significant impact in this industry.It has achieved certain milestones in terms of top-level design,pilot demonstration,standardized guidance,and public awareness campaigns to promote the development of this industry.Therefore,this paper utilizes Sichuan as a case study to systematically summarize and analyze the key practices made by the province in promoting the rapid development of the industry by investigating the development trajectory of the forest-based wellness industry.Additionally,it examines the development trends of this industry from the perspectives of supply,demand,and consumption.Finally,this paper proposes several measures to facilitate the high-quality development of the forest-based wellness industry.These measures encompass nurturing specialized talent in forest-based wellness,enhancing market players'capabilities in this domain,conducting extensive research on technologies that promote this industry,actively seeking support from relevant policies,and promoting integrated development across diverse sectors.

Episodic hydrothermal alteration on Middle Permian carbonate reservoirs and its geological significance in southwestern Sichuan Basin,SW China

To analyze the episodic alteration of Middle Permian carbonate reservoirs by complex hydrothermal fluid in southwestern Sichuan Basin,petrology,geochemistry,fluid inclusion and U-Pb dating researches are conducted.The fractures and vugs of Middle Permian Qixia–Maokou formations are filled with multi-stage medium-coarse saddle dolomites and associated hydrothermal minerals,which indicates that the early limestone/dolomite episodic alteration was caused by the large-scale,high-temperature,deep magnesium-rich brine along flowing channels such as basement faults or associated fractures under the tectonic compression and napping during the Indosinian.The time of magnesium-rich hydrothermal activity was from the Middle Triassic to the Late Triassic.The siliceous and calcite fillings were triggered by hydrothermal alteration in the Middle and Late Yanshanian Movement and Himalayan Movement.Hydrothermal dolomitization is controlled by fault,hydrothermal property,flowing channel and surrounding rock lithology,which occur as equilibrium effect of porosity and permeability.The thick massive grainstone/dolomites were mainly altered by modification such as hydrothermal dolomitization/recrystallization,brecciation and fracture-vugs filling.Early thin-medium packstones were mainly altered by dissolution and infilling of fracturing,bedding dolomitization,dissolution and associated mineral fillings.The dissolved vugs and fractures are the main reservoir space under hydrothermal conditions,and the connection of dissolved vugs and network fractures is favorable for forming high-quality dolomite reservoir.Hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs are developed within a range of 1 km near faults,with a thickness of 30–60 m.Hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs with local connected pore/vugs and fractures have exploration potential.

Three-dimensional structural models,evolution and petroleum geological significances of transtensional faults in the Ziyang area,central Sichuan Basin,SW China

With drilling and seismic data of Transtensional(strike-slip)Fault System in the Ziyang area of the central Sichuan Basin,SW China plane-section integrated structural interpretation,3-D fault framework model building,fault throw analyzing,and balanced profile restoration,it is pointed out that the transtensional fault system in the Ziyang 3-D seismic survey consists of the northeast-trending F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones dominated by extensional deformation,as well as 3 sets of northwest-trending en echelon normal faults experienced dextral shear deformation.Among them,the F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones cut through the Neoproterozoic to Lower Triassic Jialingjiang Formation,presenting a 3-D structure of an“S”-shaped ribbon.And before Permian and during the Early Triassic,the F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones underwent at least two periods of structural superimposition.Besides,the 3 sets of northwest-trending en echelon normal faults are composed of small normal faults arranged in pairs,with opposite dip directions and partially left-stepped arrangement.And before Permian,they had formed almost,restricting the eastward growth and propagation of the F_(I)19 fault zone.The F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones communicate multiple sets of source rocks and reservoirs from deep to shallow,and the timing of fault activity matches well with oil and gas generation peaks.If there were favorable Cambrian-Triassic sedimentary facies and reservoirs developing on the local anticlinal belts of both sides of the F_(I)19 and F_(I)20 fault zones,the major reservoirs in this area are expected to achieve breakthroughs in oil and gas exploration.

Types,composition and diagenetic evolution of authigenic clay minerals in argillaceous limestone of sepiolite-bearing strata:A case study of Mao-1 Member of Middle Permian Maokou Formation,eastern Sichuan Basin,SW China

The types,occurrence and composition of authigenic clay minerals in argillaceous limestone of sepiolite-bearing strata of the first member of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation(Mao-1 Member)in eastern Sichuan Basin were investigated through outcrop section measurement,core observation,thin section identification,argon ion polishing,X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,energy spectrum analysis and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.The diagenetic evolution sequence of clay minerals was clarified,and the sedimentary-diagenetic evolution model of clay minerals was established.The results show that authigenic sepiolite minerals were precipitated in the Si4+and Mg2+-rich cool aragonite sea and sepiolite-bearing strata were formed in the Mao-1 Member.During burial diagenesis,authigenic clay minerals undergo two possible evolution sequences.First,from the early diagenetic stage A to the middle diagenetic stage A1,the sepiolite kept stable in the shallow-buried environment lack of Al3+.It began to transform into stevensite in the middle diagenetic stage A2,and then evolved into disordered talc in the middle diagenetic stage B1and finally into talc in the period from the middle diagenetic stage B2to the late diagenetic stage.Thus,the primary diagenetic evolution sequence of authigenic clay minerals,i.e.sepiolite-stevensite-disordered talc-talc,was formed in the Mao-1 Member.Second,in the early diagenetic stage A,as Al3+carried by the storm and upwelling currents was involved in the diagenetic process,trace of sepiolite started to evolve into smectite,and a part of smectite turned into chlorite.From the early diagenetic stage B to the middle diagenesis stage A1,a part of smectite evolved to illite/smectite mixed layer(I/S).The I/S evolved initially into illite from the middle diagenesis stage A2to the middle diagenesis stage B2,and then totally into illite in the late diagenesis stage.Thus,the secondary diagenetic evolution sequence of authigenic clay minerals,i.e.sepiolite-smectite-chlorite/illite,was formed in the Mao-1 Member.The types and evolution of authigenic clay minerals in argillaceous limestone of sepiolite-bearing strata are significant for petroleum geology in two aspects.First,sepiolite can adsorb and accumulate a large amount of organic matters,thereby effectively improving the quality and hydrocarbon generation potential of the source rocks of the Mao-1 Member.Second,the evolution from sepiolite to talc is accompanied by the formation of numerous organic matter pores and clay shrinkage pores/fractures,as well as the releasing of the Mg2+-rich diagenetic fluid,which allows for the dolomitization of limestone within or around the sag.As a result,the new assemblages of self-generation and self-accumulation,and lower/side source and upper/lateral reservoir,are created in the Middle Permian,enhancing the hydrocarbon accumulation efficiency.

Fracture network types revealed by well test curves for shale reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin,China

Pressure buildup testing can be used to analyze fracture network characteristics and conduct quantitative interpretation of relevant parameters for shale gas wells,thus providing bases for assessing the well productivity and formulating proper development strategies.This study establishes a new well test interpretation model for fractured horizontal wells based on seepage mechanisms of shale reservoirs and proposes a method for identifying fracturing patterns based on the characteristic slopes of pressure buildup curves and curve combination patterns.The pressure buildup curve patterns are identified to represent three types of shale reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin,namely the moderately deep shale reservoirs with high pressure,deep shale reservoirs with ultra-high pressure,and moderately deep shale reservoirs with normal pressure.Based on this,the relationship between the typical pressure buildup curve patterns and the fracture network types are put forward.Fracturing effects of three types of shale gas reservoir are compared and analyzed.The results show that typical flow patterns of shale reservoirs include bilinear flow in primary and secondary fractures,linear flow in secondary fractures,bilinear flow in secondary fractures and matrix,and linear flow in matrix.The fracture network characteristics can be determined using the characteristic slopes of pressure buildup curves and curve combinations.The linear flow in early secondary fractures is increasingly distinct with an increase in primary fracture conductivity.Moreover,the bilinear flow in secondary fractures and matrix and the subsequent linear flow in the matrix occur as the propping and density of secondary fractures increase.The increase in the burial depth,in-situ stress,and stress difference corresponds to a decrease in the propping of primary fractures that expand along different directions in the shale gas wells in the Sichuan Basin.Four pressure buildup curve patterns exist in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery.The pattern of pressure buildup curves of shale reservoirs in the Yongchuan area can be described as 1/2/→1/4,indicating limited stimulated reservoir volume,poorly propped secondary fractures,and the forming of primary fractures that extend only to certain directions.The pressure buildup curves of shale reservoirs in the main block of the Fuling area show a pattern of 1/4/→1/2 or 1/2,indicating greater stimulated reservoir volume,well propped secondary fractures,and the forming of complex fracture networks.The pattern of pressure buildup curves of shale reservoirs in the Pingqiao area is 1/2/→1/4→/1/2,indicating a fracturing effect somewhere between that of the Fuling and Yongchuan areas.For reservoirs with normal pressure,it is difficult to determine fracture network characteristics from pressure buildup curves due to insufficient formation energy and limited liquid drainage.

2024年1月1日能登半岛M_(W)7.5地震作为一个可能的“龙王”事件

本文试图探讨,从“龙王”理论的角度看,2024年1月1日日本能登半岛M_(W)7.5地震是否可被视为一次“龙王”事件.本文分析了日本气象厅(JMA)2004年以来的地震矩张量解目录,针对样本数不够多的情况,用“级序分析”方法确定这一M_(W)7.5事件是否显著偏离Gutenberg-Richter幂律.结果表明在2006至2024年期间,M_(W)7.5地震还不能被视为显著的“龙王”事件;但在2021至2024年期间,该地震作为一次“龙王”事件特点十分明显,这一结果似乎与2020年底以来出现了复杂的前兆行为的报道吻合,标志着“龙王”事件的某种可预报性.本文建议,根据以往的研究结果,对这次地震的震源过程和余震序列进行详细刻画,附之以对地震前兆的回溯性研究,或可有助于“地震龙王”理论本身的发展和地震预测研究的进步.本文还讨论了“黑天鹅”事件、“龙王”事件及“灰犀牛”事件的相互关系,这几个概念是近年来减灾领域讨论较多的概念.

W火焰锅炉SCR脱硝超低排放技术及应用

截至2021年底,全国已有超过95%的燃煤火电机组实现了氮氧化物超低排放,剩余均为燃用无烟煤的W火焰锅炉,其产生的氮氧化物质量浓度高达750~1200 mg/m^(3),实现超低排放难度大,是我国实现超低排放政策的“最后一公里”。目前,选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝流场技术主要有“SCR分区混合动态调平技术”“全烟道断面混合流场技术”“常规精准喷氨技术”等。以某设计脱硝效率需高达95%的W火焰锅炉为例,通过计算流体力学(CFD)模拟的方式对比3种技术的性能指标,“SCR分区混合动态调平技术”的各项指标明显优于其他技术。工程改造后,在脱硝系统入口氮氧化物质量浓度为1000 mg/m^(3),出口低于50 mg/m^(3)时,可实时保持氨逃逸量小于3μL/L,远超常规SCR脱硝系统最高设计效率(93%),为W火焰锅炉氮氧化物超低排放提供了新的技术路线。

益智精油O/W型微乳液的制备及其性能研究

益智(Alpinia oxyphylla Miq.)提取物是一种天然的化妆品原料,可作为植物功能油使用。为了获得稳定的益智精油(AOEO)水包油型(O/W型)微乳液,本研究通过拟三元相图法构建含AOEO的O/W型微乳液,考察表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、Km(表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的质量比)以及其不同组分及比例对微乳液面积的影响,并测定微乳液的粒径、形貌、电导率、水溶性及稳定性等指标,探讨其表征与理化性能。结果得到益智精油O/W型微乳液的较优配方为:m(蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚40(EL-40))∶m(1,2-丙二醇)∶m(AOEO)=10.5∶3.5∶6,水相的过渡点为60%(质量分数),平均粒径为(26.580±0.133)nm,多分散指数(PDI)为0.226±0.010,在透射电子显微镜(TEM)与数码生物显微镜(DBM)下微乳液呈球形或类球形,规整,无黏边,并具有良好的水溶性、离心稳定性、热稳定性及低温贮藏稳定性。结果表明以微乳液为载体可实现益智精油的纳米包覆,为益智精油在日化领域的开发与应用提供参考。

W形密封结构金属封隔器性能研究

针对橡胶封隔器难以适应150℃、70 MPa以上环境的缺点,设计一种适用于230℃、70 MPa工况,两端传递载荷,中间中空促进径向变形的W形密封结构的金属封隔器,并研究其密封性能。根据工况需求,以温度依赖性和超弹性激发应力选择β-NiTi合金作为W形密封结构材料,以W形结构坐封后产生的接触应力评价其密封性能,以工作承压后W形结构的弹性-超弹性应变率评价其解封性能,分析W形密封结构半径、壁厚及壁厚比对其密封性能的影响,并对设计优化后的W形结构进行密封性能仿真分析。结果表明:结构半径对W形密封结构的密封性能和解封性能影响较小,而壁厚与壁厚比均显著影响密封性能和解封性能;随着壁厚的增加,W形密封结构的密封性能逐渐下降但解封性能逐渐上升,随着壁厚比的增加,密封性能逐渐下降解封性能先上升后下降。对设计优化后的W形结构进行密封性能仿真分析,结果表明,基于β-NiTi合金材料的W形密封结构金属封隔器完全可以适用于高温高压环境,其在230℃、70 MPa的工况下坐封载荷为220 kN,弹性-超弹性应变率达90%以上。

德国高校对不同阶段教授激励策略的价值导向探究——基于德国W体系薪酬分配制度的分析

德国高校教授W体系薪酬分配制度成功实现从“注重人人有份”到“保障和激励兼顾”的转变。现已形成以“基本工资为主,多元附加浮动工资补充”的稳定结构,基本实现了“有侧重地激励不同专业发展阶段教授”的改革目标。基本工资坚持“依据资质,保障公平”、浮动工资坚持“优绩优酬,强化激励”的价值导向。具体而言,初级教授(W1阶段)面临适应和生存需求,侧重职位胜任力的提升;终身教授(W2、W3阶段),其中:普通教授(W2阶段)面临向上晋升需求,侧重教学和科研并重发展;专家教授(W3阶段)面临承担高级职位使命,侧重行政管理和对外合作等贡献。我国正处于高等学校薪酬制度的改革期,德国W体系薪酬分配制度二十余年的实践经验颇具借鉴意义。

超临界W型火焰锅炉结构效应导致前墙水冷壁温差偏大问题的研究与治理

为解决某锅炉前墙水冷壁温差偏大导致水冷壁频繁超温爆管的问题,从管外传热和管内吸热两方面对热偏差进行分析,发现采用内螺纹管技术的水冷壁管具有自补偿特性,通过数值模拟试验发现结构效应带来温度场和气流场的变化对热偏差影响显著,是造成水冷壁变形和泄漏的主要原因,进而提出二次风差异配风、水冷壁前墙喷涂绝热涂料和优化卫燃带等治理方案,成功治理了水冷壁超温爆管问题.

案例赋能的专业学位研究生“5W”培养模式创新与实践

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