利用Whip!Viewer建立网上地图资料检索系统

针对城市勘测单位外业队在资料中心查数据、调数据、分发地图工作比较繁琐,以Whip!Viewer设计一套网上地图资料检索系统方案,实现地图资料的高效、准确获取。

ON-LINE ELIMINATION OF OIL WHIP

A new method to eliminate the oil whip online is put forward by use ofpassive electromagnetic damper. The damper works contactless and with DC current. Neither sensor norclosed loop control is needed. The dynamic equations of rotor-bearing system are built up bycombining d'Alemdert principle with Rize way, and the nonlinear oil film forces based on unsteadyshort bearing model are coupled to system. Such nonlinear equations are numerically solved byNewmark integration method. The calculated results show that the bifurcation behavior of the systemcan be. changed and the oil whip of the rotor may be well damped by external damping. Thebifurcation diagrams also show that the subharmonic vibration amplitude decreases in motion and thespeed at which the system losses its stability increases obviously by exerting external damping.Then experiments are carried out to demonstrate this phenomenon. It is observed that the complextrajectories of the journal motion are disappeared and the rotor-bearing system became stable whenthe power of passive electromagnetic damper is turned on. The experiments have good repeatability.

用Autodesk WHIP!控件和VB数据库快速开发测量GIS的方法

目前开发地理信息系统 (GIS)使用的商用软件都较庞大 ,对系统的要求也很高 ,而当所建的GIS系统信息量不太大时 ,利用Autodesk公司提供WHIP !控件和DWF文件在VisualBasic环境下连接水准测量数据库可以快速开发GIS。在保持属性数据与图形数据一致性的基础上 ,充分利用DWF文件矢量化、高精度、高压缩的特点和WHIP !控件提供的实用功能使得建立一个小型GIS的工作简单易行。在一般硬件环境下GIS的运行效率和查询效果也令人满意。本文以一个水准测量GIS的开发为例 ,描述了利用WHIP !控件和VB数据库技术开发GIS的全过程。

Nonlinear Vibration Induced by the Water-film Whirl and Whip in a Sliding Bearing Rotor System

Many industrial applications and experiments have shown that sliding bearings often experience fluid film whip due to nonlinear fluid film forces which can cause rotor-stator rub-impact failures. The oil-film whips have attracted many studies while the water-film whips in the water lubricated sliding bearing have been little researched with the mechanism still an open problem. The dynamic fluid film forces in a water sliding bearing are investigated numerically with rotational, whirling and squeezing motions of the journal using a nonlinear model to identify the relationships between the three motions. Rotor speed-up and slow-down experiments are then conducted with the rotor system supported by a water lubricated sliding bearing to induce the water-film whirl/whip and verify the relationship. The experimental results show that the vibrations of the journal alternated between increasing and decreasing rather than continuously increasing as the rotational speed increased to twice the first critical speed, which can be explained well by the nonlinear model. The radial growth rate of the whirl motion greatly affects the whirl frequency of the journal and is responsible for the frequency lock in the water-film whip. Further analysis shows that increasing the lubricating water flow rate changes the water-film whirl/whip characteristics, reduces the first critical speed, advances the time when significant water-film whirling motion occurs, and also increases the vibration amplitude at the bearing center which may lead to the rotor-stator rub-impact. The study gives the insight into the water-film whirl and whip in the water lubricated sliding bearing.

Cryptic diversity within three South American whip spider species(Arachnida, Amblypygi)

DEAR EDITOR,Cryptic diversity(CD),the presence of highly divergent phylogenetic lineages within closed morphological species,has been documented for many taxa.Great arachnid orders such as Araneae or Scorpiones are well studied and many cases of CD have been described therein;to date,however,related research on smaller arachnid orders,such as whip spiders(Amblypygi),remains lacking.

Research on Protection Capability of Flying-Whip Multifunctional Explosive Reactive Armor

The experimental research on protection capability of the flying-whip multifunctional explosive reactive armor (ERA) was performed, in which the comparison experiment was made on the damage effect of the flying-whip's geometrical figuration, material property and driven velocity on the long-rod armor-piercing-projectile. The moving velocity of the flying-whip driven by different explosives and the pressure attenuation law of shock wave travelling in the back plate were measured respectively with the electric probe method and the manganin piezoresistive gauge technique. The following conclusions based on a great quantity of experimental data were drawn: compared with the sandwich ERA the flying-whip multifunctional ERA has very good protection function against the long-rod armor-piercing-projectile, the shaped charge warhead and the anti-armor tandem warhead. In addition, the composite plate made of the armor-steel and rubber plate can lessen the vibration and shock of the main armor caused by the explosion of the charge..

脂肪替代品在whip topping中的应用及机理探讨

成功地用脂肪替代品替代whip topping中部分油脂。在此基础上,对低脂样与标样进行了比较,并对其机理进行了初步探讨。经实验可以得出,脂肪替代品(多糖)与蛋白质之间在whip topping的体系中以次级键(即静电力、氢键、范德华力、疏水相互作用及大分子片段之间的热力学不相适性)和主级键(即通过Maillard 反应形成共价键)发生相互作用。次级键受pH值、离子强度、温度等影响较大,而主级键基本不受pH值、离子强度、温度等影响。

单,双脂肪酸酯与吐温80复配亲水亲油平衡值对搅打稀奶油品质的影响

利用单,双脂肪酸甘油酯及吐温-80研究不同亲水亲油平衡(hydrophilic lipophilic balance,HLB)值对稀奶油稳定性及搅打特性的影响,对稀奶油打发硬度、打发率、表观黏度、稳定性及微观结构等指标进行检测。结果表明,随着HLB值的增加,乳液表观黏度下降,所有的稀奶油组均出现了剪切稀化现象,离心乳析率和稳定性指数先降低后增加,Zeta电位绝对值先增加后降低。搅打特性分析结果显示,随着HLB值的增加,稀奶油搅打时间缩短,打发率降低,打发后硬度先增加后降低,当HLB值为9时硬度最大(1150.1 g)。HLB值在9~11范围内,稀奶油具有较短的搅打时间、较高的打发硬度、适宜的打发率,且裱花性能良好、无坍塌变形;此时微观结构观察结果显示打发后奶油气泡大小相对均匀,气泡周围的脂肪球致密且彼此接近,形成了更紧密的网络结构保护气泡,使得泡沫较为稳定。因此,复配乳化剂HLB值应控制在9~11的范围内,可获得稳定性及搅打特性良好的稀奶油。

何以园居——社会经济视角下明清江南城市园林特征解读

从社会经济的角度考察明清江南城市园林,指出明中期“一条鞭法”的实施及后期的一系列社会经济变革,形成了明清江南城市园林实践与理论繁盛的社会背景,其中城居者身份多样化、造园匠人市场化、城中土地畸零化,是当时城市园林普遍呈现多元化与小型化特征的原因所在,也是其营造技法与风格转变的底层逻辑。

油脂组成和结晶特性对奶油品质和搅打性能的影响

为构建油脂组成、结晶特性与产品品质、搅打性能的内在联系,分析三大类不同原料用油(植物、动植物和动物油)稀奶油的油脂组成、结晶特性,奶油乳液性质和打发后的产品品质以及稀奶油的搅打性能。结果表明,动植物油脂形成的晶体网络结构密集,对剪切诱导的部分聚集敏感度高,对应的乳液黏度较高,打发率低,但是打发后产品的硬度大,保形能力适中;而植物油脂的结晶特性与动植物油脂正好相反,对剪切诱导的部分聚集敏感度较低,对应的植物奶油乳液黏度较低,打发率高,但是打发后产品硬度低,保形能力最好;动物油脂因为具有最低的固体脂肪含量,导致形成的晶体网络结构最弱,对应的乳液部分聚集率、黏度和打发率最低,并且打发后产品硬度最低,保形能力最差。因此,可以通过控制油脂组成和结晶特性控制产品品质和搅打性能。本研究可为开发高品质稀奶油提供理论指导。

明胶对凝胶油基植脂奶油搅打性能的影响机制

该文以明胶作为乳化体系中的主要蛋白质制备出一种新型搅打植脂奶油,研究了明胶添加量(0.5%~1.5%,质量分数)对其搅打性能的影响规律与机制。结果表明,明胶能吸附在油水界面与乳化剂一起共吸附以降低界面张力稳定搅打前乳液,且随着明胶添加量的升高(0.5%~1.5%),乳液粒径显著减小33.69%。0.5%~1%明胶添加量的样品打发性能优异,1.5%的打发倍数较低。微观观察结果表明,明胶添加量较低的奶油乳液黏度低,易于搅打充气,脂肪部分聚结的程度低,打发倍数更高;高浓度明胶植脂奶油黏度较高,难以搅打充入气体。搅打奶油的短期保形性和质构性能也随着明胶添加量的增加而显著提升,流变结果显示搅打奶油是弱凝胶体系,且随着明胶添加量的上升,屈服应力显著增大,搅打奶油内部网络更为坚固,从而奶油保持形状的能力更好,硬度、黏性也更高。因此,明胶改善搅打奶油品质的机制是明胶在奶油连续相中相互作用,形成了明胶网络结构,从而提升奶油的搅打性能。这为明胶在搅打植脂奶油中的应用提供了理论基础。

重组稀奶油静态稳定与搅打再稳定研究进展

重组稀奶油与生鲜稀奶油相比拥有成本低廉、生产批次间一致性高、搅打后泡沫保型性好等优点,广泛应用于咖啡、茶饮等行业中。但因其生产配料众多、工艺复杂、对静态稳定性与搅打特性要求高,目前市场严重依赖进口,对国内乳制品生产企业提出了很高的挑战。首先介绍了重组稀奶油在储藏期间发生静态失稳现象的机理,包括初始稳定阶段、析水阶段与脂肪球聚结上浮阶段,探讨了各阶段失稳速率与失稳程度的影响因素,阐述了储藏期间脂肪球以及乳化剂等其他组分之间相互作用对重组稀奶油稳定性的影响。其次,探讨了重组稀奶油在搅打时发生部分聚结而起泡的过程与再次稳定过程的机理,阐述了固体脂肪含量、脂肪结晶特征与乳化剂组分对脂肪球部分聚结的影响,旨在为国内企业重组稀奶油产品的研发与生产过程提供技术支持。

恶劣海况下船舶砰击颤振响应特性数值计算与试验研究

[目的]针对恶劣海况下船舶所受砰击颤振响应现象,探究船舶非线性波浪载荷与瞬态高幅值砰击载荷的耦合作用。[方法]采用计算流体动力学与有限元方法(CFD-FEM)相结合的双向流固耦合方法对S175集装箱船进行数值仿真计算,并与试验结果及切片理论计算结果进行对比验证;采用分段变截面弹性龙骨梁模型开展船舶的砰击颤振特性模型试验,基于CFD-FEM双向流固耦合方法开展船艏砰击载荷及高频非线性砰击颤振响应特性分析,并与模型试验结果进行对比验证。[结果]结果显示,波浪砰击载荷对船艏颤振响应的影响不可忽视,6级海况下由砰击颤振诱发的二阶高频成分分量占低频波浪弯矩的59.86%。[结论]采用基于CFD-FEM的双向流固耦合方法可准确计算船首砰击颤振响应;在高海况下船舶所受非线性波浪载荷及结构动态响应易受船首瞬态砰击载荷的影响,在船舶结构设计与安全评估中需考虑高频砰击颤振的情况。

不同水下爆炸参数下双层加筋圆柱壳结构响应研究

本文采用声固耦合方法模拟水下中远场爆炸产生的冲击波载荷和气泡脉动对双层加筋圆柱壳的冲击响应。从不同工况水下爆炸载荷下的鞭状运动和关键部位冲击响应2个方面,研究了药量、爆距、水深、爆炸方位等参数对双层加筋圆柱壳结构响应的影响。研究表明,在中远场水下爆炸作用下,双层加筋圆柱壳在不同药量和爆距下鞭状运动的位移响应幅值和冲击环境谱加速度幅值变化较大,但其鞭状运动的位移响应曲线的周期变化不大。双层加筋圆柱壳在不同水深下,鞭状运动受到水下载荷周期性影响显著,但谱加速度幅值变化不大。双层加筋圆柱壳在不同爆炸方位下鞭状运动变化和冲击环境谱加速度分布受其影响显著。这项研究旨在为水下中远场爆炸作用下,水下航行体结构的抗冲击特性研究提供数据及理论支撑。

Dynamic modeling of a hose-drogue aerial refueling system and integral sliding mode backstepping control for the hose whipping phenomenon

Dynamic modeling of a hose-drogue aerial refueling system（HDARS） and an integral sliding mode backstepping controller design for the hose whipping phenomenon（HWP） during probe-drogue coupling are studied. Firstly, a dynamic model of the variable-length hose-drogue assembly is built for the sake of exploiting suppression methods for the whipping phenomenon.Based on the lumped parameter method, the hose is modeled by a series of variable-length links connected with frictionless joints. A set of iterative equations of the hose＇s three-dimensional motion is derived subject to hose reeling in/out, tanker motion, gravity, and aerodynamic loads accounting for the effects of steady wind, atmospheric turbulence, and tanker wake. Secondly,relying on a permanent magnet synchronous motor and high-precision position sensors, a new active control strategy for the HWP on the basis of the relative position between the tanker and the receiver is proposed. Considering the strict-feedback configuration of the permanent magnet synchronous motor, a rotor position control law based on the backstepping method is designed to insure global stability. An integral of the rotor position error and an exponential sliding mode reaching law of the current errors are applied to enhance control accuracy and robustness. Finally,the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed model and control laws.

软式空中加油系统鞭甩现象多体动力学分析

软管-锥套式空中加油系统的柔性结构经常发生不同程度的软管鞭甩现象,极大影响空中加油任务的安全性。基于柔性多体动力学,建立了空中加油系统动力学模型,其中,利用基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉描述方式和绝对结点坐标法的索/梁模型描述管线的大变形、大范围运动以及软管收放,并对空中加油系统受到的气动力进行建模,建立的模型能够反映加油机和受油机运动、软管和锥套的变形与气动力的耦合影响。基于建立的空中加油系统动力学模型,复现飞行状态下的软管鞭甩现象,获得了鞭甩现象的形成机理。研究表明,对接冲击下,软管平衡状态改变所形成的剪切波向后传播与反射是鞭甩现象产生的主要原因。通过多工况计算结果,分析了软管刚度、对接速度、Ma数各因素对鞭甩现象引起的软管剪切力、纵波与剪切波传播速度的影响规律,并分别分析了软管收放控制和加缓冲的受油插头两种措施对鞭甩现象振动抑制的有效性。

Research of Springing and Whipping Influence on Ultra-Large Containerships' Fatigue Analysis

Rules of Classification Societies all around the world have made changes on design wave loads' value and fatigue influence factor modification due to the influence of springing and whipping on ultra-large containerships.The paper firstly introduced 3-D linear hydroelastic theory in frequency domain and 3-D nonlinear hydroelastic theory in time domain, considering large amplitude motion nonlinearity and slamming force due to the severe relative motion between ship hull and wave. Then the spectrum analysis method and time domain statistical analysis method were introduced, which can make fatigue analysis under a series of standard steps in frequency and time domain, respectively. Finally, discussions on the influence factor of springing and whipping on fatigue damages of 8500 TEU and 10000 TEU containerships with different loading states were made. The fatigue assessment of different position on the midship section was done on the basis of nominal stress. The fatigue damage due to whipping can be the same as the fatigue damage due to springing and even sometimes can be larger than the springing damage. Besides, some suggestions on calculating load case selection were made to minimize the quantity of work in frequency and time domain. Thus, tools for fatigue influence factor modification were provided to meet the demand of IACS-UR.

变长度加油软管系统动力学建模及运动特性分析

空中加油过程中,软管锥套受复杂气流干扰发生飘摆运动,同时在受油机的撞击作用下可产生甩鞭现象,严重制约了空中加油的成功率及安全性。为了研究软管锥套系统的运动特性,基于绝对节点坐标方法建立变长度软管动力学模型。同时考虑软管材质的阻尼特性、加油吊舱卷盘机构的收放运动、加油过程中存在的紊流及尾涡等风场环境,根据多体系统动力学建模理论,获得软管复杂风场下加油锥套系统动力学模型。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS仿真及Simulink数值计算对软管平稳拖曳状态下锥套的下沉量进行模拟,同时将锥套平稳拖曳阻力Simulink数值结果与NASA公开数据资料进行比较,说明所提建模方法的准确性和可行性。通过数值仿真,确定了不同飞行高度/飞行速度下加油软管的稳定拖曳状态,分析了不同对接速度下软管甩鞭动力学特性,验证了不同测力反馈点对甩鞭抑制效果的影响。

Application of complex nonlinear modes to determine dry whip motion in a rubbing rotor system

Dry whip motion is an instability of rubbing rotor system and may cause catastrophic failures of rotating machinery.Up to now,the related mechanisms of the dry whip is still not well understood.This paper aims to build the relationship between the complex nonlinear modes and the dry whip motion,and propose an effective method to predict the response characteristics and existence boundary of the dry whip through complex nonlinear modes.For the first time,the paper discusses how to use the complex nonlinear modes to predict the dry whip systematically,and as a consequence,the mechanism of the relationship between the complex nonlinear mode and the dry whip is revealed.The results show that the Backward Whirl(BW)mode motion of the rubbing rotor system dominates the response characteristics and the existence boundary of dry whip.The whirl amplitude and whirl frequency of dry whip are equal to the modal amplitude and modal frequency of the BW mode at the jump up point where the modal damping is equal to zero.The existence boundary corresponds to the critical rotation speed where the minimum of the modal damping of the BW mode motion is exactly equal to zero.Moreover,the proposed nonlinear modal method in this article is very effective for the prediction of dry whip of the more complicated practical rotor system,which has been verified by applying the predicted method into a rubbing rotor test rig.

储藏温度对棕榈油基塑性脂肪结晶和宏观性能的影响

旨在为塑性脂肪储藏和实际应用提供参考,使用人造奶油中试设备制备了以棕榈硬脂(PS)与棕榈液油(OL)为油基的起酥油PO和以PS、OL与稻米油(RBO)为油基的起酥油PRBO,对其油基的脂肪酸组成、甘油三酯组成、固体脂肪含量(SFC)、结晶速率和结晶熔化曲线进行了表征,分析了其刚完成熟化时和在4、15、20、25、30℃下储藏4个月后的熔化曲线、XRD晶型、微观结晶形态、硬度和打发性能。结果显示:与PO油基相比,PRBO油基的多不饱和脂肪酸、三饱和脂肪酸甘油三酯和三不饱和脂肪酸甘油三酯含量较高;PRBO油基的SFC在低温时小,高温时大;PRBO油基在10℃和20℃结晶速率更快;PRBO油基低温时的熔化峰低,高温时的熔化峰高,结晶温度也是如此;与刚完成熟化时相比,PRBO和PO的SFC在4~25℃储藏过程中上升,其中4℃下上升最明显;30℃储藏条件下,PRBO和PO的熔化峰均向高温位置发生明显位移;刚完成熟化时PO和PRBO均为细腻的β′结晶,30℃储藏4个月后均基本转变为粗大的β结晶,后硬明显,打发性能下降,其余储藏温度下样品在10℃没有出现后硬,在15~25℃有不同程度后硬,但并不影响打发性能;25℃储藏条件下样品的β′晶型最稳定,后硬程度最小;与PO相比,PRBO在低温时软,高温时硬,有利于产品应用。综上,建议PO和PRBO于25℃室温储藏,避免大于30℃的高温储藏。