The simulated patient methodology(SPM)is considered the“gold standard”as covert participatory observation.SPM is attracting increasing interest for the investigation of community pharmacy practice;however,there is c...The simulated patient methodology(SPM)is considered the“gold standard”as covert participatory observation.SPM is attracting increasing interest for the investigation of community pharmacy practice;however,there is criticism that SPM can only show a small picture of everyday pharmacy practice and therefore has limited external validity.On the one hand,a certain design and application of the SPM goes hand in hand with an increase in external validity.Even if,on the other hand,this occurs at the expense of internal validity due to the trade-off situation,the justified criticism of the SPM for investigating community pharmacy practice can be countered.展开更多
The reporting of complications following transperitoneal and retroperitoneal open radical nephrectomy (RN) is nonstandardized. This study aimed to compare early complications between the two approaches using a standar...The reporting of complications following transperitoneal and retroperitoneal open radical nephrectomy (RN) is nonstandardized. This study aimed to compare early complications between the two approaches using a standardized reporting methodology in a large contemporary cohort. Between 1996 and 2009, 558 patients underwent open RN for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in our two centers (424 from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and 134 from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University). Records were reviewed for clinicopathologic features and complications. Complications were graded using the Clavien system based on the severity of impact. One hundred and five patients (18.8%) had one or more early complications (168 complications overall). The overall rates of grades I to V complications were 5.6%, 10.8%, 2.2%, 0.4%, and 0.2%, respectively. Patients who underwent transperitoneal RN did not experience more overall or procedure-related complications than those who underwent retroperitoneal RN (P=0.911 and P=0.851, respectively). On subgroup analysis, neither grade I/II nor grades III-V complications were significantly different between the transperitonal RN and retroperitoneal RN groups. Multivariate analysis showed that for any grade of complication, age (P=0.016) and estimated blood loss (P=0.001) were significant predictors. We concluded that open RN is a safe procedure associated with low rates of serious morbidity and mortality. Compared with retroperitoneal RN, transperitoneal RN was not associated with more complications. Older patient and more blood loss at surgery were independent predictors for higher early postoperative complication rates.展开更多
Different types of plastic films are used in agriculture to cover silos storing silage. The most important characteristics of a tarpaulin for sealing the silage are: thickness, color and polymer used in the manufactur...Different types of plastic films are used in agriculture to cover silos storing silage. The most important characteristics of a tarpaulin for sealing the silage are: thickness, color and polymer used in the manufacture of the film. The objective of this study is to measure and compare the thickness, the use of two instruments (digital micrometer and digital thickness gauge) in plastic films (polyethylene, polyester and polyester/vinyl). This methodological analysis for the use of micrometer digital, for future use (Agronomy and Veterinary sciences). In comparison the thickness of the three factors. 5% by Tukey test revealed that for polyethylene, there was no significant difference between factors. This methodology is satisfactory for the types of films and range of thicknesses studied.展开更多
目的对离子交换高效液相色谱法(IE-HPLC)、硼酸盐亲和层析高效液相色谱法(AC-HPLC)和高效毛细管电泳法(HPCE)测定糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)进行比对分析和偏倚评估,实现不同方法检测结果的可比性。方法以IE-HPLC法为参比方法(该法已通过美国N...目的对离子交换高效液相色谱法(IE-HPLC)、硼酸盐亲和层析高效液相色谱法(AC-HPLC)和高效毛细管电泳法(HPCE)测定糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)进行比对分析和偏倚评估,实现不同方法检测结果的可比性。方法以IE-HPLC法为参比方法(该法已通过美国NGSPⅠ级实验室认证),HPCE法和AC-HPLC法为实验方法,依据美国临床和实验室标准化协会(CLSI)EP9-A3文件进行方法学比对和偏倚评估,比对前进行参比方法正确度验证和实验方法精密度验证;对不可比的实验方法用经NGSP样本赋值传递的新鲜全血实施校准,校准后进行可比性的验证。结果参比方法对10个定值NGSP样本进行检测,检测结果全部在靶值的±6%内。两个实验方法的批内CV均<1.5%,批间CV均<2.0%。HPCE法在医学决定水平处与参比方法的偏倚分别为-0.06%和-0.07%,小于1/2 CAP TEa,与参比方法具有可比性;AC-HPLC法分别为-0.31%和-0.31%,均大于1/2 CAP TEa,与参比方法不可比;用经NGSP样本赋值传递的两个浓度新鲜全血校准AC-HPLC法,校准后的偏倚分别为0.08%和0.09%,均小于1/2 CAP TEa,与参比方法具有可比性。结论不同方法对HbA1c的测定结果可能存在差异,CLSI EP9-A3是评估这些差异的有效工具,用经NGSP样本赋值传递的新鲜全血对不可比的方法实施校准,可实现检验结果的可比性。展开更多
文摘The simulated patient methodology(SPM)is considered the“gold standard”as covert participatory observation.SPM is attracting increasing interest for the investigation of community pharmacy practice;however,there is criticism that SPM can only show a small picture of everyday pharmacy practice and therefore has limited external validity.On the one hand,a certain design and application of the SPM goes hand in hand with an increase in external validity.Even if,on the other hand,this occurs at the expense of internal validity due to the trade-off situation,the justified criticism of the SPM for investigating community pharmacy practice can be countered.
文摘The reporting of complications following transperitoneal and retroperitoneal open radical nephrectomy (RN) is nonstandardized. This study aimed to compare early complications between the two approaches using a standardized reporting methodology in a large contemporary cohort. Between 1996 and 2009, 558 patients underwent open RN for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in our two centers (424 from Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and 134 from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University). Records were reviewed for clinicopathologic features and complications. Complications were graded using the Clavien system based on the severity of impact. One hundred and five patients (18.8%) had one or more early complications (168 complications overall). The overall rates of grades I to V complications were 5.6%, 10.8%, 2.2%, 0.4%, and 0.2%, respectively. Patients who underwent transperitoneal RN did not experience more overall or procedure-related complications than those who underwent retroperitoneal RN (P=0.911 and P=0.851, respectively). On subgroup analysis, neither grade I/II nor grades III-V complications were significantly different between the transperitonal RN and retroperitoneal RN groups. Multivariate analysis showed that for any grade of complication, age (P=0.016) and estimated blood loss (P=0.001) were significant predictors. We concluded that open RN is a safe procedure associated with low rates of serious morbidity and mortality. Compared with retroperitoneal RN, transperitoneal RN was not associated with more complications. Older patient and more blood loss at surgery were independent predictors for higher early postoperative complication rates.
文摘Different types of plastic films are used in agriculture to cover silos storing silage. The most important characteristics of a tarpaulin for sealing the silage are: thickness, color and polymer used in the manufacture of the film. The objective of this study is to measure and compare the thickness, the use of two instruments (digital micrometer and digital thickness gauge) in plastic films (polyethylene, polyester and polyester/vinyl). This methodological analysis for the use of micrometer digital, for future use (Agronomy and Veterinary sciences). In comparison the thickness of the three factors. 5% by Tukey test revealed that for polyethylene, there was no significant difference between factors. This methodology is satisfactory for the types of films and range of thicknesses studied.
文摘目的对离子交换高效液相色谱法(IE-HPLC)、硼酸盐亲和层析高效液相色谱法(AC-HPLC)和高效毛细管电泳法(HPCE)测定糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)进行比对分析和偏倚评估,实现不同方法检测结果的可比性。方法以IE-HPLC法为参比方法(该法已通过美国NGSPⅠ级实验室认证),HPCE法和AC-HPLC法为实验方法,依据美国临床和实验室标准化协会(CLSI)EP9-A3文件进行方法学比对和偏倚评估,比对前进行参比方法正确度验证和实验方法精密度验证;对不可比的实验方法用经NGSP样本赋值传递的新鲜全血实施校准,校准后进行可比性的验证。结果参比方法对10个定值NGSP样本进行检测,检测结果全部在靶值的±6%内。两个实验方法的批内CV均<1.5%,批间CV均<2.0%。HPCE法在医学决定水平处与参比方法的偏倚分别为-0.06%和-0.07%,小于1/2 CAP TEa,与参比方法具有可比性;AC-HPLC法分别为-0.31%和-0.31%,均大于1/2 CAP TEa,与参比方法不可比;用经NGSP样本赋值传递的两个浓度新鲜全血校准AC-HPLC法,校准后的偏倚分别为0.08%和0.09%,均小于1/2 CAP TEa,与参比方法具有可比性。结论不同方法对HbA1c的测定结果可能存在差异,CLSI EP9-A3是评估这些差异的有效工具,用经NGSP样本赋值传递的新鲜全血对不可比的方法实施校准,可实现检验结果的可比性。
