The paper presents a brief summary of the introduction of the term “practical elimination” as prevention of the conditions that could lead to early or large radioactive releases. The concept of “practical eliminat...The paper presents a brief summary of the introduction of the term “practical elimination” as prevention of the conditions that could lead to early or large radioactive releases. The concept of “practical elimination” is defined as part of the Defence in Depth (DiD) of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) document INSAG-12 in 1999. But, the special attention to it was paid after the accident in Fukushima NPP in 2011. The mechanisms of the containment failure of reactor WWER-1000/V320 are presented. As an example, the summarized design features and preventing and mitigation measures already implemented at Kozloduy NPP to extend the design basis and beyond design basis envelop are presented. Issues related to external steam explosion are underlined for further study.展开更多
Some kinds of break in the reactor coolant system may cause the coolant to exit rapidly from the failure site,which leads to the loss of coolant accident(LOCA).In this paper,a stress analysis of an AP1000 reactor cont...Some kinds of break in the reactor coolant system may cause the coolant to exit rapidly from the failure site,which leads to the loss of coolant accident(LOCA).In this paper,a stress analysis of an AP1000 reactor containment is performed in an LOCA,with the passive containment cooling system(PCCS) being available and not available for cooling the wall's containment.The variations in the mechanical properties of the wall's containment,including elastic modulus,strength,and stress,are analyzed using the ABAQUS code.A general two-phase model is applied for modeling thermal-hydraulic behavior inside the containment.Obtained pressure and temperature from thermal-hydraulic models are considered as boundary conditions of the ABAQUS code to obtain distributions of temperature and stress across steel shell of the containment in the accident.The results indicate that if the PCCS fails,the peak pressure inside the containment exceeds the design value.However,the stress would still be lower than the yield stress value,and no risk would threaten the integrity of the containment.展开更多
The AP1000 with high safety is a generation III pressurized water reactor(PWR),its significant feature is passive safety system.However,its passive cooling can only maintain for 72 h and requires additional support fr...The AP1000 with high safety is a generation III pressurized water reactor(PWR),its significant feature is passive safety system.However,its passive cooling can only maintain for 72 h and requires additional support from inside or outside the plant.To solve this problem,this study utilized the WGOTHIC software to calculate and analyze the water inventory in the passive containment cooling water tank under different conditions.The results show that when the cooling water inventory is 6553.78 m3,the AP1000 nuclear power plants can achieve long-term,completely passive cooling without any inside or outside the plant.The same outcomes occur when 65-mm-thick containment wall increases the design pressure rating to 0.6 MPa at the cooling water inventory of 5673 m3.Also,the AP1000 shield building was accordingly improved.An ANSYS analysis of the structural stability of the shield building with a 6000 m3 cooling water inventory confirmed that the new design can meet the requirements of the seismic design and the safe residual heat removal requirements of a large-scale PWR.展开更多
The coolant pump impeller casting is the only rotating component in the nuclear island of an AP1000 nuclear power station, and is required to have a 60-year service time, which requires advanced materials and processi...The coolant pump impeller casting is the only rotating component in the nuclear island of an AP1000 nuclear power station, and is required to have a 60-year service time, which requires advanced materials and processing technologies to guarantee. In this paper, the casting process was studied, designed and modified by means of numerical simulation. The gating system was distributed symmetrically and the runner diameter was a little bigger for avoiding sand wash and turbulence;the feeding system focused on the solution of blades feeding, as some parts of which should reach Severity Level 1 radioactive testing standard. Therefore, upper and lower plates cooperating with chillers acted as feeding method besides additional 2-3 times thickness;in addition, lowering sand core strength, decreasing pouring temperature and increasing dimension allowance would be adopted to avoid crack defects. Finally, the pilot impeller was cast. The results show that the casting process design is reasonable, as the liquid rises very smoothly when pouring, and no volume defects are found by means of 100% radioactive testing. Based on this casting process, 16 coolant pump impellers have been successfully produced and delivered to customers.展开更多
During the simulation of AP1000 nuclear power plant,the values of input parameters, core nodalization methods and calculation models, may have important influence on the code outputs. Therefore, it is necessary to ide...During the simulation of AP1000 nuclear power plant,the values of input parameters, core nodalization methods and calculation models, may have important influence on the code outputs. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and evaluate the influence of these parameters and modeling approaches quantitatively. Based on the best estimate thermal-hydraulic system code RELAP5,sensitivity analyses have been performed on core partition methods,parameters and models in AP1000 nuclear power plant,such as the core channel number,pressurizer node number,and feedwater temperature. The results show that code channel number,code channel node number, and the pressurizer node number have apparent influences on the coolant temperature variation and pressure drop in the reactor. The feedwater temperature is a sensitive factor to the steam generator( SG) outlet temperature and the SG outlet pressure. In addition,the influence of the cross-flow model on coolant temperature variation and pressure drop through the reactor is insignificant,both in steady state and loss of power transient. Furthermore, some suitable parameters and modes also have been put forward for the nuclear system simulation.展开更多
文摘The paper presents a brief summary of the introduction of the term “practical elimination” as prevention of the conditions that could lead to early or large radioactive releases. The concept of “practical elimination” is defined as part of the Defence in Depth (DiD) of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) document INSAG-12 in 1999. But, the special attention to it was paid after the accident in Fukushima NPP in 2011. The mechanisms of the containment failure of reactor WWER-1000/V320 are presented. As an example, the summarized design features and preventing and mitigation measures already implemented at Kozloduy NPP to extend the design basis and beyond design basis envelop are presented. Issues related to external steam explosion are underlined for further study.
文摘Some kinds of break in the reactor coolant system may cause the coolant to exit rapidly from the failure site,which leads to the loss of coolant accident(LOCA).In this paper,a stress analysis of an AP1000 reactor containment is performed in an LOCA,with the passive containment cooling system(PCCS) being available and not available for cooling the wall's containment.The variations in the mechanical properties of the wall's containment,including elastic modulus,strength,and stress,are analyzed using the ABAQUS code.A general two-phase model is applied for modeling thermal-hydraulic behavior inside the containment.Obtained pressure and temperature from thermal-hydraulic models are considered as boundary conditions of the ABAQUS code to obtain distributions of temperature and stress across steel shell of the containment in the accident.The results indicate that if the PCCS fails,the peak pressure inside the containment exceeds the design value.However,the stress would still be lower than the yield stress value,and no risk would threaten the integrity of the containment.
文摘The AP1000 with high safety is a generation III pressurized water reactor(PWR),its significant feature is passive safety system.However,its passive cooling can only maintain for 72 h and requires additional support from inside or outside the plant.To solve this problem,this study utilized the WGOTHIC software to calculate and analyze the water inventory in the passive containment cooling water tank under different conditions.The results show that when the cooling water inventory is 6553.78 m3,the AP1000 nuclear power plants can achieve long-term,completely passive cooling without any inside or outside the plant.The same outcomes occur when 65-mm-thick containment wall increases the design pressure rating to 0.6 MPa at the cooling water inventory of 5673 m3.Also,the AP1000 shield building was accordingly improved.An ANSYS analysis of the structural stability of the shield building with a 6000 m3 cooling water inventory confirmed that the new design can meet the requirements of the seismic design and the safe residual heat removal requirements of a large-scale PWR.
文摘The coolant pump impeller casting is the only rotating component in the nuclear island of an AP1000 nuclear power station, and is required to have a 60-year service time, which requires advanced materials and processing technologies to guarantee. In this paper, the casting process was studied, designed and modified by means of numerical simulation. The gating system was distributed symmetrically and the runner diameter was a little bigger for avoiding sand wash and turbulence;the feeding system focused on the solution of blades feeding, as some parts of which should reach Severity Level 1 radioactive testing standard. Therefore, upper and lower plates cooperating with chillers acted as feeding method besides additional 2-3 times thickness;in addition, lowering sand core strength, decreasing pouring temperature and increasing dimension allowance would be adopted to avoid crack defects. Finally, the pilot impeller was cast. The results show that the casting process design is reasonable, as the liquid rises very smoothly when pouring, and no volume defects are found by means of 100% radioactive testing. Based on this casting process, 16 coolant pump impellers have been successfully produced and delivered to customers.
文摘During the simulation of AP1000 nuclear power plant,the values of input parameters, core nodalization methods and calculation models, may have important influence on the code outputs. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and evaluate the influence of these parameters and modeling approaches quantitatively. Based on the best estimate thermal-hydraulic system code RELAP5,sensitivity analyses have been performed on core partition methods,parameters and models in AP1000 nuclear power plant,such as the core channel number,pressurizer node number,and feedwater temperature. The results show that code channel number,code channel node number, and the pressurizer node number have apparent influences on the coolant temperature variation and pressure drop in the reactor. The feedwater temperature is a sensitive factor to the steam generator( SG) outlet temperature and the SG outlet pressure. In addition,the influence of the cross-flow model on coolant temperature variation and pressure drop through the reactor is insignificant,both in steady state and loss of power transient. Furthermore, some suitable parameters and modes also have been put forward for the nuclear system simulation.
