Background: The present study was conducted to examine the association between various coronary risk factors and clinical parameters, with special emphasis on ankle-brachial index, in predicting the severity and compl...Background: The present study was conducted to examine the association between various coronary risk factors and clinical parameters, with special emphasis on ankle-brachial index, in predicting the severity and complexity of coronary artery disease. Methods: Patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease at our hospital between September-2012 and December-2014 were examined in this study. Selected patients were screened for cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and alcohol habits as well as for clinical parameters including body-mass index, waist-hip ratio, ankle-brachial index, and ejection fraction. All patients underwent coronary angiography and were evaluated for severity of coronary artery disease (based on number of vessels involved) and complexity of coronary angiographic lesions (measured by computer-assisted Syntax score calculator). The collected data were analyzed to determine the role of cardiovascular risk factors and clinical parameters as predictors of complexity and severity of coronary artery disease. Results: A total of 211 patients (mean age: 54.64 ± 9.9 years;81% males) with coronary artery disease were analyzed. Findings revealed that diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), smoking habits (p = 0.036), and low ankle-brachial index (p < 0.001) were independent predictors of complex coronary artery disease as measured by Syntax score. Significant associations were also evident between severity of coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), and ankle-brachial index (p < 0.001). Conversely, other cardiovascular risk factors including body-mass index, alcohol habits, wait-hip ratio, and ejection fraction did not exhibit significant associations with severity and complexity of coronary artery. Conclusions: The early diagnosis of coronary artery can be predicated by evaluating diabetes, hypertension, and smoking habits in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome. In addition, ankle-brachial index can be used as an effective non-invasive bed-side tool, as an alternative to Syntax score, in predicting the severity and complexity of coronary artery disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).AIM To study the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs...BACKGROUND Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).AIM To study the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),previously identified in Western populations,with the risk of MAFLD in a Singapore Chinese population and their interactions with environmental and medical risk factors.METHODS A retrospective case-control study was conducted with 72 MAFLD cases and 72 controls with no hepatic steatosis on computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,or controlled attenuation parameter score.Subjects were recruited from two tertiary hospitals.Genetic alleles such as NCAN,GCKR,LYPLAL1,PNPLA3,PPP1R3B,FDFT1,COL13A1,EFCAB4B,PZP,and TM6SF2 were genotyped using the TaqMan®Predesigned SNP Genotyping Assay.RESULTS Weight and body mass index(BMI)were 1.2-times higher in patients(70.6 kg,95%confidence interval[CI]:57.1-84.1 vs 60.8 kg,95%CI:48.5-73.1,P<0.001 and 26.9 kg,95%CI:23-40.8 vs 23.3 kg 95%CI:19-27.6,P<0.001 respectively).The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients was 40.3%and 20.8%in controls(P=0.011).Patients had higher mean triglycerides than controls(P<0.001).PNPLA3 GG was more likely to be associated with MAFLD(43.4%CC vs 69.7%GG,P=0.017,and 44.8%CG vs 69.7%GG,P=0.022).In multivariable analysis,hypertriglyceridemia(odds ratio[OR]:2.0495%CI:1.3-3.1,P=0.001),BMI(OR:1.295%CI:1.1-1.4,P<0.001)and PNPLA3 GG(OR:3.495%CI:1.3-9.2,P=0.014)were associated with MAFLD(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.823).CONCLUSION Among the Chinese population of Singapore,PNPLA3 homozygous GG allele is a strong predictor of MAFLD,whereas LYPLAL1,GCKR,FDFT1,COL13A1,PZP,and TM6SF2 are not significantly associated.Hypertriglyceridemia,high BMI,and PNPLA3 GG are independent predictors of MAFLD.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the predictive performance of anthropometric indices for metabolic syndrome(Met S)among Chinese adolescents with different nutritional status.Methods We recruited 9,513 adolescents aged 10–18 ye...Objective To evaluate the predictive performance of anthropometric indices for metabolic syndrome(Met S)among Chinese adolescents with different nutritional status.Methods We recruited 9,513 adolescents aged 10–18 years from seven provinces in China during September 2014.Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured at recruitment,and blood samples were collected for determining fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analyses were used to assess the predictive performance of anthropometric indices,including body mass index(BMI)percentile,waist circumference percentile,waist-height ratio,and waist-hip ratio.Results Overall,the four anthropometric indices showed good accuracy for predicting Met S with areas under ROC curves(AUCs)ranging from 0.86 to 0.94;similar AUCs ranging from 0.73 to 0.99 were observed for participants with normal weight.The performance of all four indices was poor in overweight and obese participants,with AUCs ranging from 0.66 to 0.77 and from 0.60 to 0.67,respectively.Waist circumference showed relatively better performance in all the subgroup analyses.Conclusions We suggest using anthropometric indices with the cutoff values presented here for predicting Met S in the overall and normal-weight adolescent population,but not in the overweight and obese adolescent population where more specific screening tests are required.展开更多
Maternal eff ects are one of the most interesting topics in evolutionary ecology as they can aff ect the rate of evolution and population dynamics by phenotypic manipulation of off spring related to fi tness. At prese...Maternal eff ects are one of the most interesting topics in evolutionary ecology as they can aff ect the rate of evolution and population dynamics by phenotypic manipulation of off spring related to fi tness. At present, studies examining the interaction between maternal environment eff ects and maternal age (birth order) eff ects are scarce. We designed an experiment to reveal whether environmentally induced maternal manipulation works equally on off spring across birth orders in rotifer Brachionus calycifl orus. In the experiment, newborn amictic mothers (F0) were cultured parallelly in low (LD) and high (HD) population density. Off spring (F1) of young (YF0) and old (OF0) mothers in both LD and HD groups were cultured under a crowded condition and the mixis ratios of both F1 and F2 were examined. Results show that F1 from HD-YF0 had a signifi cantly higher mixis ratio and those amictic ones produced daughters (F2 ) with higher mixis ratio in response to crowding than those from HD-OF0. In contrast, no such diff erences among F1 siblings were found in the LD-F0 group. Therefore, the eff ect of maternal age on the sexual propensity of the off spring can be aff ected independently by the maternal population density.展开更多
Background: The prevalence of lifestyle diseases is increasing rapidly in Youths (17 - 25 yrs). Factors such as poor diet, little or no physical exercise, and smoking are major contributors to this increase. Lifestyle...Background: The prevalence of lifestyle diseases is increasing rapidly in Youths (17 - 25 yrs). Factors such as poor diet, little or no physical exercise, and smoking are major contributors to this increase. Lifestyle diseases in youths present a timeline challenge as disease duration is longer and financial burden more costly. Aim: To analyse and synthesize published literature on the prevalence of and risk factors associated with four lifestyle diseases—obesity, hypertension, diabetes and cancer—in university/college students worldwide. Results: The literature indicates that among lifestyle diseases in university/college students, overweight/obesity (Body Mass Index > 25 kg/m2) had the highest prevalence of 45.6% and duration of approximately 5 years. Cardiovascular diseases and hypertension had lower prevalence rates but prehypertension which lingers >4 years was at 32.0%. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) had a fairly high prevalence in college students (21.7%);type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was found in much lower percentage (12.95%). Cancer had the lowest prevalence of >2% but was increasing in most regions based on the presence of multiple risk factors. Conclusion: Increase prevalence of these diseases in youths indicates that young people are at high risk of developing these diseases due to poor early lifestyle habits. Early corrective measures can reduce the burden of many lifestyle diseases.展开更多
文摘Background: The present study was conducted to examine the association between various coronary risk factors and clinical parameters, with special emphasis on ankle-brachial index, in predicting the severity and complexity of coronary artery disease. Methods: Patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease at our hospital between September-2012 and December-2014 were examined in this study. Selected patients were screened for cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and alcohol habits as well as for clinical parameters including body-mass index, waist-hip ratio, ankle-brachial index, and ejection fraction. All patients underwent coronary angiography and were evaluated for severity of coronary artery disease (based on number of vessels involved) and complexity of coronary angiographic lesions (measured by computer-assisted Syntax score calculator). The collected data were analyzed to determine the role of cardiovascular risk factors and clinical parameters as predictors of complexity and severity of coronary artery disease. Results: A total of 211 patients (mean age: 54.64 ± 9.9 years;81% males) with coronary artery disease were analyzed. Findings revealed that diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), smoking habits (p = 0.036), and low ankle-brachial index (p < 0.001) were independent predictors of complex coronary artery disease as measured by Syntax score. Significant associations were also evident between severity of coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), hypertension (p < 0.001), and ankle-brachial index (p < 0.001). Conversely, other cardiovascular risk factors including body-mass index, alcohol habits, wait-hip ratio, and ejection fraction did not exhibit significant associations with severity and complexity of coronary artery. Conclusions: The early diagnosis of coronary artery can be predicated by evaluating diabetes, hypertension, and smoking habits in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome. In addition, ankle-brachial index can be used as an effective non-invasive bed-side tool, as an alternative to Syntax score, in predicting the severity and complexity of coronary artery disease.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42074136,41674130)National Key S&T Special Project of China(No.2016ZX05027-004-001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University(No.18CX02061A).
文摘BACKGROUND Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).AIM To study the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),previously identified in Western populations,with the risk of MAFLD in a Singapore Chinese population and their interactions with environmental and medical risk factors.METHODS A retrospective case-control study was conducted with 72 MAFLD cases and 72 controls with no hepatic steatosis on computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,or controlled attenuation parameter score.Subjects were recruited from two tertiary hospitals.Genetic alleles such as NCAN,GCKR,LYPLAL1,PNPLA3,PPP1R3B,FDFT1,COL13A1,EFCAB4B,PZP,and TM6SF2 were genotyped using the TaqMan®Predesigned SNP Genotyping Assay.RESULTS Weight and body mass index(BMI)were 1.2-times higher in patients(70.6 kg,95%confidence interval[CI]:57.1-84.1 vs 60.8 kg,95%CI:48.5-73.1,P<0.001 and 26.9 kg,95%CI:23-40.8 vs 23.3 kg 95%CI:19-27.6,P<0.001 respectively).The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients was 40.3%and 20.8%in controls(P=0.011).Patients had higher mean triglycerides than controls(P<0.001).PNPLA3 GG was more likely to be associated with MAFLD(43.4%CC vs 69.7%GG,P=0.017,and 44.8%CG vs 69.7%GG,P=0.022).In multivariable analysis,hypertriglyceridemia(odds ratio[OR]:2.0495%CI:1.3-3.1,P=0.001),BMI(OR:1.295%CI:1.1-1.4,P<0.001)and PNPLA3 GG(OR:3.495%CI:1.3-9.2,P=0.014)were associated with MAFLD(area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.823).CONCLUSION Among the Chinese population of Singapore,PNPLA3 homozygous GG allele is a strong predictor of MAFLD,whereas LYPLAL1,GCKR,FDFT1,COL13A1,PZP,and TM6SF2 are not significantly associated.Hypertriglyceridemia,high BMI,and PNPLA3 GG are independent predictors of MAFLD.
基金supported by the Medical Research Council,the Research Special Fund for Public Welfare of Health[Grant No.201202010]Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.2018JJ2553]。
文摘Objective To evaluate the predictive performance of anthropometric indices for metabolic syndrome(Met S)among Chinese adolescents with different nutritional status.Methods We recruited 9,513 adolescents aged 10–18 years from seven provinces in China during September 2014.Anthropometric indices and blood pressure were measured at recruitment,and blood samples were collected for determining fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analyses were used to assess the predictive performance of anthropometric indices,including body mass index(BMI)percentile,waist circumference percentile,waist-height ratio,and waist-hip ratio.Results Overall,the four anthropometric indices showed good accuracy for predicting Met S with areas under ROC curves(AUCs)ranging from 0.86 to 0.94;similar AUCs ranging from 0.73 to 0.99 were observed for participants with normal weight.The performance of all four indices was poor in overweight and obese participants,with AUCs ranging from 0.66 to 0.77 and from 0.60 to 0.67,respectively.Waist circumference showed relatively better performance in all the subgroup analyses.Conclusions We suggest using anthropometric indices with the cutoff values presented here for predicting Met S in the overall and normal-weight adolescent population,but not in the overweight and obese adolescent population where more specific screening tests are required.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31470445,30970349)
文摘Maternal eff ects are one of the most interesting topics in evolutionary ecology as they can aff ect the rate of evolution and population dynamics by phenotypic manipulation of off spring related to fi tness. At present, studies examining the interaction between maternal environment eff ects and maternal age (birth order) eff ects are scarce. We designed an experiment to reveal whether environmentally induced maternal manipulation works equally on off spring across birth orders in rotifer Brachionus calycifl orus. In the experiment, newborn amictic mothers (F0) were cultured parallelly in low (LD) and high (HD) population density. Off spring (F1) of young (YF0) and old (OF0) mothers in both LD and HD groups were cultured under a crowded condition and the mixis ratios of both F1 and F2 were examined. Results show that F1 from HD-YF0 had a signifi cantly higher mixis ratio and those amictic ones produced daughters (F2 ) with higher mixis ratio in response to crowding than those from HD-OF0. In contrast, no such diff erences among F1 siblings were found in the LD-F0 group. Therefore, the eff ect of maternal age on the sexual propensity of the off spring can be aff ected independently by the maternal population density.
文摘Background: The prevalence of lifestyle diseases is increasing rapidly in Youths (17 - 25 yrs). Factors such as poor diet, little or no physical exercise, and smoking are major contributors to this increase. Lifestyle diseases in youths present a timeline challenge as disease duration is longer and financial burden more costly. Aim: To analyse and synthesize published literature on the prevalence of and risk factors associated with four lifestyle diseases—obesity, hypertension, diabetes and cancer—in university/college students worldwide. Results: The literature indicates that among lifestyle diseases in university/college students, overweight/obesity (Body Mass Index > 25 kg/m2) had the highest prevalence of 45.6% and duration of approximately 5 years. Cardiovascular diseases and hypertension had lower prevalence rates but prehypertension which lingers >4 years was at 32.0%. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) had a fairly high prevalence in college students (21.7%);type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was found in much lower percentage (12.95%). Cancer had the lowest prevalence of >2% but was increasing in most regions based on the presence of multiple risk factors. Conclusion: Increase prevalence of these diseases in youths indicates that young people are at high risk of developing these diseases due to poor early lifestyle habits. Early corrective measures can reduce the burden of many lifestyle diseases.