GROUND BOUNCING NOISE REDUCTION TECHNIQUE CONSIDERING WAKE-UP DELAY IN MTCMOS CIRCUITS

Multi-Threshold CMOS(MTCMOS) is an effective technique for controlling leakage power with low delay overhead.However the large magnitude of ground bouncing noise induced by the sleep to active mode transition may cause signal integrity problem in MTCMOS circuits.We propose a methodology for reducing ground bouncing noise under the wake-up delay constraint.An improved two-stage parallel power gating structure that can suppress the ground bouncing noise through turn on sets of sleep transistors consecutively is proposed.The size of each sleep transistor is optimized by a novel sizing algorithm based on a simple discharging model.Simulation results show that the proposed techniques achieve at least 23% improvement in the product of the peak amplitude of ground bouncing noise and the wake-up time when compared with other existing techniques.

Wake-Up Security:Effective Security ImprovementMechanism for Low Power Internet of Things

As time and space constraints decrease due to the development of wireless communication network technology,the scale and scope of cyber-attacks targeting the Internet of Things(IoT)are increasing.However,it is difficult to apply high-performance security modules to the IoT owing to the limited battery,memory capacity,and data transmission performance depend-ing on the size of the device.Conventional research has mainly reduced power consumption by lightening encryption algorithms.However,it is difficult to defend large-scale information systems and networks against advanced and intelligent attacks because of the problem of deteriorating security perfor-mance.In this study,we propose wake-up security(WuS),a low-power security architecture that can utilize high-performance security algorithms in an IoT environment.By introducing a small logic that performs anomaly detection on the IoT platform and executes the security module only when necessary according to the anomaly detection result,WuS improves security and power efficiency while using a relatively high-complexity security module in a low-power environment compared to the conventional method of periodically exe-cuting a high-performance security module.In this study,a Python simulator based on the UNSW-NB15 dataset is used to evaluate the power consumption,latency,and security of the proposed method.The evaluation results reveal that the power consumption of the proposed WuS mechanism is approxi-mately 51.8%and 27.2%lower than those of conventional high-performance security and lightweight security modules,respectively.Additionally,the laten-cies are approximately 74.8%and 65.9%lower,respectively.Furthermore,the WuS mechanism achieved a high detection accuracy of approximately 96.5%or greater,proving that the detection efficiency performance improved by approximately 33.5%compared to the conventional model.The performance evaluation results for the proposed model varied depending on the applied anomaly-detection model.Therefore,they can be used in various ways by selecting suitable models based on the performance levels required in each industry.

A 2.1 μA WAKE-UP CIRCUIT FOR CHINESE ETC SYSTEM

This paper proposes a low power wake-up baseband circuit used in Chinese Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) system. To reduce the static power consumption, a low power biasing strategy is proposed. The proposed circuit is fabricated in TSMC 0.18 μm technology with an area of 0.09 mm 2 . Its current consumption is only 2.1 μA under 1.8 V power supply. It achieves a sensitivity of 0.95 mV at room temperature with a variation of only ±28% over -35℃ to 105℃.

RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF LF WAKE-UP TECHNOLOGY TO MICRO-POWER ACTIVE RFID

Tags of micro-power active RFID system are usually supllied by cells battery, the power consumption is a crucial factor. The currently applied operating mode is of timing wake-up. In this paper, presented the method of LF wake-up technology , discussed how to use it to solve the low-power problem of active RFID tag. Put forward the crucial electrocircuit and working program flow. Practices show that this solution is capable of solving the problem of low-power of active RFID.

A Low Power Non-Volatile LR-WPAN Baseband Processor with Wake-Up Identification Receiver

The paper proposes a low power non-volatile baseband processor with wake-up identification(WUI) receiver for LR-WPAN transceiver.It consists of WUI receiver,main receiver,transmitter,non-volatile memory(NVM) and power management module.The main receiver adopts a unified simplified synchronization method and channel codec with proactive Reed-Solomon Bypass technique,which increases the robustness and energy efficiency of receiver.The WUI receiver specifies the communication node and wakes up the transceiver to reduce average power consumption of the transceiver.The embedded NVM can backup/restore the states information of processor that avoids the loss of the state information caused by power failure and reduces the unnecessary power of repetitive computation when the processor is waked up from power down mode.The baseband processor is designed and verified on a FPGA board.The simulated power consumption of processor is 5.1uW for transmitting and 28.2μW for receiving.The WUI receiver technique reduces the average power consumption of transceiver remarkably.If the transceiver operates 30 seconds in every 15 minutes,the average power consumption of the transceiver can be reduced by two orders of magnitude.The NVM avoids the loss of the state information caused by power failure and energy waste caused by repetitive computation.

An Energy-Efficient Duty-Cycled Wake-Up Radio Protocol for Avoiding Overhearing in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wake-up radio (WuR) system is often presented as the best candidate for replacing traditional duty cycled Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The Double Radio (DoRa) protocol is a new MAC protocol for in-band WuR system with addressing capabilities. While the DoRa protocol improves the WSNs energy efficiency, it still suffers from an overhearing problem when the WuR system is very often requested. The WuR wastes a noticeable amount of energy when overhearing to wake-up demand intended to other nodes, but it is neither measured nor solved in other works. In this paper, an adaptive duty-cycled DoRa (DC-DoRa) is then proposed to solve the overhearing problem. The primary concept of the work is to enable the WuR functionality before the node is addressed and to disable the WuR after the node sent data. Extensive simulations under OMNeT++ using real input parameters are then performed to show the significant energy-savings through the two protocols and the nearly suppression of overhearing with DC-DoRa. In fact, the mean power consumption is three-order below using the DoRa protocol compared to traditional MAC protocols. While overhearing can represent up to 93% of the WuR energy consumption with the DoRa protocol, it is reduced to only 1% with the DC-DoRa protocol.

Esophageal nasopharyngeal catheter in the wake-up anesthesia of the brain function area operations

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of the self developed sound outside the ventilation device-esophageal nasopharynx catheter in brain functional areas surgery applications. Methods 13 patients involved functional areas of brain surgery were chosed. After induction of general anesthesia,the catheters were placed in the esophagus,then connected to anesthesia machines to an external

Application of A-line autoregressive model with exogenous input index during the wake-up test in spinal surgery under propofol-remifentanil anaesthesia

Paraplegia is a rare but terrible complication following major spinal operation. Intraoperative monitoring should be used to detect the neurological compucauons early so that they can be surgically revised.1 The common procedures for spinal cord monitoring are intraoperative wake-up test and neurophysiological methods. The latter includes somatosensory evoked potentials （SSEP） and motor evoked potentials （MEP）. The wake-up test has been routinely used to monitor voluntary motor function of the lower limbs during corrective spinal surgery.

A fully integrated CMOS super-regenerative wake-up receiver for EEG applications

A fully integrated super-regenerative wake-up receiver for wireless body area network applications is presented. The super-regeneration receiver is designed to receive OOK-modulated data from the base station. A low power waveform generator is adopted both to provide a quench signal for VCO and to provide a clock signal for the digital module. The receiver is manufactured in 0.18 μm CMOS process and the active area is 0.67 mm^2.It achieves a sensitivity of -80 d Bm for 10^（-3）BER with a data rate of 200 kbps. The power consumption of the super-regenerative wake-up receiver is about 2.16 m W.

A baseband circuit for wake-up receivers with double-mode detection and enhanced sensitivity robustness

This paper proposes a baseband circuit for wake-up receivers with double-mode detection and enhanced sensitivity robustness for use in the electronic toll collection system.A double-mode detection method,including amplitude detection and frequency detection,is proposed to reject interference and reduce false wake-ups.An improved closed-loop band-pass filter and a DC offset cancellation technique are also newly introduced to enhance the sensitivity robustness.The circuit is fabricated in TSMC 0.18μm 3.3 V CMOS technology with an area of 0.12 mm2.Measurement results show that the sensitivity is -54.5 dBm with only a±0.95 dBm variation from the 1.8 to 3.3 V power supply,and that the temperature variation of the sensitivity is±1.4 dBm from -50 to 100℃. The current consumption is 1.4 to 1.7μA under a 1.8 to 3.3 V power supply.

交感神经兴奋性与醒后脑卒中发生发展的相关性研究

目的 分析交感神经兴奋性与醒后脑卒中发生发展的相关性。方法 选取2020年7月至2022年1月我院收治的100例急性脑卒中住院患者,依据是否发生醒后脑卒中将患者分为醒后脑卒中组和非醒后脑卒中组。采用Logistic回归分析交感神经兴奋与醒后脑卒中发生发展的关系。结果 多因素分析显示,血压变异性、心率变异性、血糖变异性、电解质紊乱、25-羟维生素D_(3)、尿香草苦杏仁酸、儿茶酚胺是醒后脑卒中发生发展的危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论 交感神经兴奋性与醒后脑卒中发生发展具有相关性,血压变异性、心率变异性、血糖变异性、电解质紊乱、25-羟维生素D3、尿香草苦杏仁酸、儿茶酚胺是醒后脑卒中发生发展的危险因素。

Reliable ferroelectricity down to cryogenic temperature in wakeup free Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)thin films by thermal atomic layer deposition

The performance and reliability of ferroelectric thin films at temperatures around a few Kelvin are critical for their application in cryo-electronics.In this work,TiN/Hf_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_(2)/TiN capacitors that are free from the wake-up effect are investigated systematically from room temperature(300 K)to cryogenic temperature(30 K).We observe a consistent decrease in permittivity(εr)and a progressive increase in coercive electric field(Ec)as temperatures decrease.Our investigation reveals exceptional stability in the double remnant polarization(2P_(r))of our ferroelectric thin films across a wide temperature range.Specifically,at 30 K,a 2P_(r)of 36μC/cm^(2)under an applied electric field of 3.0 MV/cm is achieved.Moreover,we observed a reduced fatigue effect at 30 K in comparison to 300 K.The stable ferroelectric properties and endurance characteristics demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing HfO_(2)based ferroelectric thin films for cryo-electronics applications.

氟马西尼在全身麻醉术后高龄患者催醒方面的作用分析

目的分析氟马西尼在全身麻醉(简称全麻)术后高龄患者催醒方面的作用。方法选取2020年10月至2021年12月该院收治的60例全麻手术患者作为研究对象,采用抽签法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组患者催醒采用生理盐水,观察组患者催醒采用氟马西尼,比较两组患者注射后神经敏感程度、清醒程度、不良反应、催醒效果。结果两组注射后0~<10 min的神经敏感程度及清醒程度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组患者注射10、20、30 min后神经功能敏感程度与清醒程度优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组的催醒效果优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论氟马西尼在高龄患者全麻术后的应用,可以提高其神经功能敏感程度,使其更快清醒,未增加不良反应,具有显著的催醒效果。

基于多种分析方法的低压涡轮边界层流动特性研究

为探究航空发动机低压涡轮吸力面边界层受尾迹影响下的非定常流动特性,本文采用商用软件CFX 15.0进行数值模拟,并使用具有上游尾迹模拟功能的叶栅实验台进行了实验验证。首先,在保持轴向转速不变的情况下,调整上游尾迹杆转速实现了3种不同的上游尾迹折合频率。其次,利用数值模拟得到了3种工况下低压涡轮吸力面边界层流场数据并进行对比分析,分析中特别使用了本征正交分解(POD,proper orthogonal deco-mposition)、动态模态分解(DMD,dynamic mode decomposition)和傅里叶模态分解(FMD,Fourier mode decomposition)3种新式流场分析方法。结果表明,在3种折合频率下,尾迹中心通过分离区域时,其距离叶面的高度差别较大,尾迹作用下的吸力面边界层中尾迹的影响程度与识别到的主要特征也存在较大差别。

基于频谱分析仪的语音识别及控制软件系统设计

随着数据处理技术的进步和人工智能领域的高速发展,用户在对仪器的实际使用中持续追求更为高效便捷的操控方式,同时也相当看重使用过程的灵活性和准确性,语音数据因其实用性和高效性而被广泛使用。因此,提出一种基于频谱分析仪的语音识别及控制软件系统。该系统支持Ubuntu 18.04及以上版本操作系统,通过语音指令实现对频谱分析仪的控制,可以实现语音唤醒、语音录入及保存、离线语音识别并转换为文字文本、可执行代码等功能。

美他多辛治疗对急性酒精中毒患者苏醒时间症状消失时间和氧化应激反应的影响

目的:探究美他多辛治疗对急性酒精中毒患者的影响。方法:选取2020年1月至2022年12月我院急诊收治的104例急性酒精中毒患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为常规组(n=52)和美他多辛组(n=52)。对照组给予常规治疗,观察组常规治疗基础上给予美他多辛治疗。记录两组患者临床指标(苏醒时间、症状消失时间),比较治疗前和治疗后,两组患者血气指标[血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))、氧分压(PO_(2))]及呼气酒精浓度(BrAC)水平,比较治疗前和治疗后,两组患者氧化应激[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)]状态,治疗前和治疗后,两者患者肝肾功能[丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)]、凝血功能[凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)]。结果:美他多辛组苏醒时间、症状消失时间均短于常规组(P均<0.05);治疗后,两组患者SaO_(2)、PO_(2)、SOD、FIB水平均较治疗前升高,美他多辛变化水平高于常规组(P均<0.05);BrAC、肝肾功能指标(ALT、AST、Scr、BUN)、部分凝血功能指标(PT、TT、APTT)水平较治疗前降低,美他多辛变化水平高于常规组(P均<0.05)。结论:美他多辛能够缩短急性酒精中毒患者苏醒时间及症状消失时间,改善患者血气状态,缓解患者氧化应激反应,改善患者肝肾功能及凝血功能。

AUTOSAR标准的CAN网络休眠异常诊断机制研究

汽车网络管理旨在保证节点间的通信状态同步及网络故障检测,是可靠的车载网络的重要组成部分。针对AUTOSAR网络管理中对于偶发的休眠异常难以定位与复现的问题,提出了一种基于唤醒链的网络休眠异常诊断机制,将管理报文在网络中出现的先后顺序与节点唤醒的先后顺序相对应,通过在网络管理报文中携带位置信息,实时记录网络节点在唤醒链中的位置,在偶发性故障出现时,将相关信息存入非易失性内存,之后通过重建唤醒链,恢复故障发生时网络中各节点的唤醒顺序及相关运行状态信息,帮助更准确高效地定位引发故障的节点,一定程度上解决了休眠异常难以复现和检测的问题。同时利用控制器局域网络CAN总线在实验平台CANoe上验证了该方法的有效性。

基于Ghost-SE-Res2Net的多模型融合语音唤醒词检测方法

语音唤醒词检测(WWD)是语音交互中的关键技术,选择合适大小的检测窗对WWD性能的影响很大。提出一种新的多模型融合方法,通过融合小检测窗和大检测窗的检测结果来提高WWD性能。多模型融合方法包含两个分类模型,分别使用小检测窗和大检测窗,均基于轻量化的挤压与激励残差网络(SE-Res2Net)模块,即GhostSE-Res2Net,SE-Res2Net结构的多尺度机制可显著提升WWD的能力。在Ghost-SE-Res2Net中,首先使用Ghost卷积替换SE-Res2Net中的普通卷积以降低模型参数量,然后使用注意力池化层替换SE-Res2Net中的全局平均池化层进一步提升WWD能力。在实际检测时融合连续3个小检测窗模型的检测结果的最大值和1个大检测窗模型的检测结果,来判断唤醒词是否被触发。在训练时引入困难样本挖掘算法,选择性地学习较难检测的唤醒词信息以提高分类模型的检测性能。在包含2个唤醒词的Mobvoi数据集上评估系统性能,实验结果表明,在每小时0.5次错误唤醒的情况下,该系统在2个唤醒词上的错误拒绝率分别为0.46%和0.43%,实现了与先进基线相似的性能,并且系统参数量比基线少31%。

基于嗅觉和听觉刺激的驾驶员疲劳唤醒方法研究

针对驾驶员在疲劳状态下易引发交通事故的问题,提出一种基于嗅觉和听觉刺激的驾驶员疲劳唤醒方法,研究以薄荷气体和阿尔法脑波音乐作为刺激源的唤醒效果,采用主观疲劳问卷和心电(ECG)、脉搏(PPG)以及呼吸(RESP)生理信号作为疲劳唤醒有效性判断指标。结果表明,两种方案的心电、脉搏以及呼吸生理数据均显示能有效干预驾驶疲劳,与主观疲劳问卷调查结果相一致,验证了基于嗅觉和听觉刺激的驾驶员疲劳唤醒方法的有效性,且基于听觉刺激的唤醒方案唤醒效果更佳。

不同频次唤醒护理对全身麻醉胸科腔镜手术后患者苏醒效果的影响

目的探讨不同频次的唤醒护理对全身麻醉胸科腔镜手术后带气管导管转入麻醉后监测治疗室(PACU)患者苏醒效果的影响。方法采用便利抽样法,选取全身麻醉胸科腔镜手术后带气管导管转入气管导管观察的116例患者为研究对象,探讨不同频次(试验组A每5分钟、试验组B每10分钟、对照组等待患者自然苏醒)的唤醒护理对气管导管拔管时间、拔管后苏醒时间、总苏醒时间、拔管时呛咳反应、苏醒期躁动、拔管成功率、拔管后低氧血症和平均动脉压波动发生率的影响。结果气管导管拔管时间三组比较差异有统计学意义,试验组A和试验组B显著短于对照组(均P<0.05);试验组A与试验组B差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。拔管后苏醒时间三组比较差异有统计学意义,试验组A显著长于对照组(P<0.05)。总苏醒时间三组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组气管导管拔管成功率和拔管后低氧血症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与对照组相比,试验组A和试验组B拔管时呛咳反应、苏醒期躁动程度和拔管后平均动脉压波动发生率明显降低(均P<0.05)。结论5 min和10 min频次的唤醒护理均能有效减少全身麻醉胸科腔镜手术后患者在气管导管机械通气时间,降低拔管时呛咳反应和苏醒期躁动严重度,有利于维持拔管时血流动力学稳定,提高苏醒质量。