癌症患者主观经济困境概念分析

目的 分析癌症患者主观经济困境概念内涵,为后续开展相关研究提供参考。方法 系统检索中国知网、万方、PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CINAHL,Embase数据库中与癌症患者主观经济困境的相关文献,时间为建库至2022年10月16日,采用Walker经典概念分析法对纳入文献进行分析。结果 共纳入48篇文献,癌症患者主观经济困境包括经济风险感知、应对行为和负性情感反应3个定义属性,其前因包括个体、疾病与治疗和社会因素,后果为消极健康行为增加和生活质量下降。结论 通过概念分析确定了癌症患者主观经济困境的定义属性、前因后果等,未来可结合我国独特的医疗体系等情况,进一步探索并丰富其内涵。

A Tri-mode of Mock-Walker Cells

This work uses cloud-resolving simulations to study mock-Walker cells driven by a specified sea surface temperature(SST).The associated precipitation in the mock-Walker cells exhibits three different modes,including a single peak of precipitation over the SST maximum(mode 1),symmetric double peaks of precipitation straddling the SST maximum(mode 2),and a single peak of precipitation on one side of the SST maximum(mode 3).The three modes are caused by three distinct convective activity center migration traits.Analyses indicate that the virtual effect of water vapor plays an important role in differentiating the three modes.When the SST gradient is large,the virtual effect may be strong enough to overcome the temperature effect,generating a low-level low-pressure anomaly below the ascending branch of the Walker cell off the center.The results here highlight the importance of the virtual effect of water vapor and its interaction with convection and large-scale circulation in the Walker circulation.

Assessing the Relationship between October-November-December Rainfall and Indian Ocean Dipole in Recent Decades over Tanzania Following the 2011 Abrupt Change

The present study explored how the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) influences October-November-December (OND) rainfall over Tanzania in recent decade following the 2011 abrupt change. The study spans 50 years, from 1973 to 2022. Notable abrupt changes were observed in 1976 and 2011, leading us to divide our study into two periods: 1976-2010 and 2011-2022, allowing for a close investigation into the existing relationship between OND IOD and OND rainfall and their associated large-scale atmospheric circulations. It was found that the relationship between OND IOD and OND rainfall strengthened, with the correlation changed from +0.73 during 1976-2010 to +0.81 during 2011-2022. Further investigation revealed that, during 1976-2010, areas that received above- normal rainfall during positive IOD experienced below-normal during 2011- 2022 and vice versa. The same pattern relationship was observed for negative IOD. Spatial analysis demonstrates that the percentage departure of rainfall across the region mirrors the standardized rainfall anomalies. The study highlights that the changing relationship between OND IOD and OND rainfall corresponds to the east-west shift of Walker circulation, as well as the north-south shift of Hadley circulation. Analysis of sea surface temperature (SST) indicates that both positive and negative IOD events strengthened during 2011-2022 compared to 1976-2010. Close monitoring of this relationship across different timescales could be useful for updating OND rainfall seasonal forecasts in Tanzania, serving as a tool for reducing socio-economic impacts.

Conceptual Analysis of Self-Management in Patients with Hypertension

Objective:To clarify the concept of self-management in hypertensive patients by analyzing the definition,attributes,and measurement tools through a literature review.Methods:An Internet-based search of the databases was conducted using Academic Search Complete,Medical Line,CINAHL,Health Source:Nursing/Scholarly Edition,and Google Scholar.In the search process,keywords or free text were combined by using Boolean operators,with the search terms“self of management”or“self-management,”“concept*analysis”or“concept*definition,”and Walker and Avant’s concept analysis method was used.Results:Analysis of relevant literature summarized the conceptual attributes of self-management in hypertensive patients as the active participation of patients in the treatment process;the presence of interaction provided by patients and health care providers;the use of certain health management tools;and the aim of maintaining and improving the health status and living capacity of hypertensive patients.Conclusion:The concept of self-management for hypertensive patients was clarified,which helps to promote the application of hypertensive self-management in clinical work and improve outcomes and quality of life for patients with hypertension.

Baby Walkers May Harm,Not Help,Development

我的女儿正在学步,步履蹒跚,却是可爱。在网上读到此文,兴趣也就陡增。孤陋寡闻的我,细读本文,感到不解！从来没有听说过幼儿学步车(babywalker)。幼儿学步,竟然要靠学步车,是否必要?学步车的目的何在?是为了防止幼儿摔倒?根据我的观察,摔倒在地,也是一种人生必需的经验。摔倒了,再爬起来,这种“技能”和“经验”对幼儿是必不可少的。 细读本文,我又为Roger Burton先生的研究精神所动。他们的研究很有说服力,人们相信,改进的学步车不如原始的学步车,而原始的学步车则不如不用学步车！(颇有幽默意味)细读本文,我又为Roger Burton先生的能言善辩所折服。Roger Burton先生这样说: It is likely that normal infants who use newer-style walkers will catch up totheir no-walker peers when they walk and are no longer restricted by being putinto a walker. Roger Burton先生又这样说: When the danger factor is considered in conjunction with the developmentaldata presented by our study, the risks seem to outweigh any possible benefits ofearly walker exposure. 他所说的the risks决非耸听之言。因为自1984年以来,美国已有11个幼儿因学步车而丧命。唉,美国！

基于粒子滤波的结构疲劳裂纹扩展动态贝叶斯推断方法

准确预测结构的疲劳裂纹扩展过程是开展飞机单机寿命监控与剩余寿命估算的基础。提出一种基于动态贝叶斯网络的结构疲劳裂纹扩展预测方法,结合疲劳裂纹扩展的先验知识与后验知识来准确地推断裂纹长度;研究粒子滤波算法中不同粒子数对动态贝叶斯网络推断精度的影响规律;通过对单孔板结构与耳片连接结构件在随机载荷谱下进行裂纹扩展研究。结果表明:动态贝叶斯网络方法可以对复杂结构的疲劳裂纹扩展进行准确预测,预测精度相对于传统方法提高50%以上。

应用Walker经典概念分析法界定老年人跌倒恐惧内涵

目的 通过概念分析法界定跌倒恐惧的概念内涵,为今后科学准确地评估老年人跌倒恐惧以及制订针对性的护理干预计划提供参考。方法 系统检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Web of Science等数据库从建库至2022年1月12日收录的有关跌倒恐惧的相关文献,共纳入41篇文献。采用Walker等提出的经典概念分析法对文献中关于跌倒恐惧的概念内涵进行分析。结果 老年人跌倒恐惧的定义属性包括以下3个方面。①情绪状态:焦虑、担忧;②认知机制:对潜在威胁的主观估计和避免跌倒能力的现实评估;③行为元素:活动回避。结论 鉴于跌倒恐惧的高发生率和不良后果,临床医护人员应认识到跌倒恐惧的存在及其重要性,通过早期识别高风险人群构建并开展针对性的护理措施,以期降低老年人跌倒恐惧。

慢性病自我管理概念分析

目的:通过文献回顾分析慢性病自我管理的概念定义、属性、前因、后果、测评工具,明确慢性病自我管理的概念。方法:系统检索PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库中慢性病自我管理相关文献,采用Walker and Avant概念分析法进行分析。结果:分析相关文献,归纳出慢性病自我管理的概念属性为病人积极主动参与护理过程;存在病人与保健提供者的互动;借助一定的健康管理手段;目的是维护慢性病病人的健康状况和日常生活能力。结论:明确了慢性非传染性疾病背景下的自我管理概念,有助于促进慢性病自我管理在临床工作中的推广应用。

Monitoring Thosea sinensis Walker in Tea Plantations Based on UAV Multi- Spectral Image

Thosea sinensis Walker(TSW)rapidly spreads and severely damages the tea plants.Therefore,finding a reliable operational method for identifying the TSW-damaged areas via remote sensing has been a focus of a research community.Such methods also enable us to calculate the precise application of pesticides and prevent the subsequent spread of the pests.In this work,based on the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)platform,five band images of multispectral red-edge camera were obtained and used for monitoring the TSW in tea plantations.By combining the minimum redundancy maximum relevance(mRMR)with the selected spectral features,a comprehensive spectral selection strategy was proposed.Then,based on the selected spectral features,three classic machine learning algorithms,including random forest(RF),support vector machine(SVM),and k-nearest neighbors(KNN)were used to construct the pest monitoring model and were evaluated and compared.The results showed that the strategy proposed in this work obtained ideal monitoring accuracy by only using the combination of a few optimized features(2 or 4).In order to differentiate the healthy and TSW-damaged areas(2-class model),the monitoring accuracies of all the three models were computed,which were above 96%.The RF model used the least number of features,including only SAVI and Bandred.In order to further discriminate the pest incidence levels(3-class model),the monitoring accuracies of all the three models were computed,which were above 80%,among which the RF algorithm based on SAVI,Band_(red),VARI__(green),and Band_(red_edge) features achieve the highest accuracy(OAA of 87%,and Kappa of 0.79).Considering the computational cost and model accuracy,this work recommends the RF model based on a few optimal feature combinations to monitor and distinguish the severity of TSW in tea plantations.According to the UAV remote sensing mapping results,the TSW infestation exhibited an aggregated distribution pattern.The spatial information of occurrence and severity can offer effective guidance for precise control of the pest.In addition,the relevant methods provide a reference for monitoring other leaf-eating pests,effectively improving the management level of plant protection in tea plantations,and guaranting the yield and quality of tea plantations.

Contrasting Regional Responses of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall to Exhausted Spring and Concurrently Emerging Summer El Nino Events

The inverse relationship between the warm phase of the El Nino Southern Oscillation(ENSO)and the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall(ISMR)is well established.Yet,some El Nino events that occur in the early months of the year(boreal spring)transform into a neutral phase before the start of summer,whereas others begin in the boreal summer and persist in a positive phase throughout the summer monsoon season.This study investigates the distinct influences of an exhausted spring El Nino(springtime)and emerging summer El Nino(summertime)on the regional variability of ISMR.The two ENSO categories were formulated based on the time of occurrence of positive SST anomalies over the Nino-3.4 region in the Pacific.The ISMR’s dynamical and thermodynamical responses to such events were investigated using standard metrics such as the Walker and Hadley circulations,vertically integrated moisture flux convergence(VIMFC),wind shear,and upper atmospheric circulation.The monsoon circulation features are remarkably different in response to the exhausted spring El Nino and emerging summer El Nino phases,which distinctly dictate regional rainfall variability.The dynamic and thermodynamic responses reveal that exhausted spring El Nino events favor excess monsoon rainfall over eastern peninsular India and deficit rainfall over the core monsoon regions of central India.In contrast,emerging summer El Nino events negatively impact the seasonal rainfall over the country,except for a few regions along the west coast and northeast India.

Efficacy of High-efficiency Formula Pesticides for Controlling Sesamia inferens Walker and Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner

[Objectives]This study was conducted to screen high-efficiency formula pesticides and precise and efficient application techniques for the prevention and control of Sesamia inferens Walker and Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner.[Methods]Field efficacy trials were conducted using different combinations of 70%directed enhanced thiamethoxam seed treatment dispersible powder and 46%monosultap·Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder.[Results]70%directed enhanced thiamethoxam ZF 450 g/hm^(2)+46%monosultap·B.thuringiensis WP 2250 g/hm^(2)had good control effects on both S.inferens and C.lanigera,so it was an ideal high-efficiency formula pesticide for controlling sugarcane S.inferens and C.lanigera.From January to May,combining with new plant or perennial root cultivation management,70%directed enhanced thiamethoxam ZF 450 g/hm^(2)can be evenly spread on sugarcane ditches and sugarcane stumps after being well mixed with fertilizers applied per hectare,and covered with soil in a timely manner,and during the peak incubation period of the first and second generation of S.inferens eggs from March to May,46%monosultap·B.thuringiensis WP 2250 g/hm^(2)was sprayed to the leaf surface in the mixture with water 675 kg with an electric backpack or a motorized sprayer.In such a way,the control efficacy on dead heart seedlings could reach over 89.8%,and that on C.lanigera could reach 100%.Meanwhile,it could effectively and concurrently control thrips,and the increases in yield and sugar content could reach 29310 kg/hm^(2)and 5.9 percentage points,respectively.[Conclusions]The promotion and application of the formula pesticide could achieve precise application and control of sugarcane pests,and improvement of sugarcane quality and planting efficiency,and help promote green prevention and control of sugarcane diseases and pests and the sustained high-quality development of the sugar industry.

轮盘低循环疲劳寿命预测方法研究及试验验证

针对轮盘低循环疲劳载荷非对称及其主要寿命区限,提出了一种简化的Walker应变寿命预测模型,在寿命预测中考虑了轮盘危险部位数目的影响。进行了GH4133材料轴向应变控制的低循环疲劳试验;设计了涡轮盘低循环疲劳试验件,在旋转试验器上进行了涡轮盘的高温低循环疲劳试验。结果表明:轮盘低循环疲劳寿命预测方法是有效的,对试验涡轮盘的寿命预测精度在2倍散度以内。

Walker星座卫星网络拓扑结构动态性分析

对低轨道(LEO)、Walker星座类型的卫星网络拓扑结构动态变化特征进行量化,给出了精确计算系统周期内网络时间片数量和时间片长度的公式。通过研究,一方面弥补了卫星网络研究中对拓扑结构时间片特征的简单假设,另一方面也为未来卫星网络星座的设计提供一定的指导。

东亚季风指数及其与大尺度热力环流年际变化关系

将东西向海平面气压差与低纬度高、低层纬向风切变相结合 ,定义了东亚季风指数 ,该季风指数较好地反映了东亚冬、夏季风变化。其中 ,夏季风指数年际异常对西太平洋副热带高压南北位置变化和长江中下游旱涝具有较强的反映能力。分析表明 :东亚夏季风年际变化与印度洋 -西太平洋上空反 Walker环流及夏季越赤道南北半球间的季风环流呈显著正相关关系。在强、弱异常东亚夏季风年份 ,异常的 Walker环流在西太平洋上的辐合 (辐散 )中心在垂直方向不重合 ,高层 ( 2 0 0 h Pa)速度势与东亚夏季风显著相关区域位于西北太平洋上 ,该异常环流的高层的辐合 (辐散 )通过改变低层空气质量而影响夏季 50 0 h Pa西北太平洋副热带高压。采用 SVD分析进一步发现 :与海温耦合的异常 Walker环流在西太平洋上空的上升支表现出南北半球关于赤道非对称结构 ,亚澳季风区受该异常 Walker环流控制。因而 ,东亚季风与热带海气相互作用可直接通过这种纬向非对称的 Walker环流发生联系。

一种具有异轨星间链路的Walker星座网络拓扑与路由生成方案

W alker星座网络能否建立异轨星间链路是提升其通信能力的关键所在。研究了一种24/3/1W alker星座,通过对卫星间的能见分析及星间链路特性分析,探索了建立异轨道星间链路的可行性。然后,按照时段接续的异轨星间链路方案,进行了24/3/1W alker星座网络的拓扑仿真与生成,并在此基础上对星座网络采用K短路径和最短路径路由选择策略进行了对比仿真分析。结果表明,按照时间段接续建立异轨星间链路的方案是可行的,所生成的网络拓扑的切换时间间隔最小为30 s,最大为115 s,K短路径策略在总体上要优于最短路径策略。

丹参、赤芍对大鼠Walker 256癌肝转移影响机制的研究

目的 :研究丹参、赤芍对大鼠Walker 2 5 6癌肝转移影响的机制。方法 :ELISA检测实验大鼠中药灌胃后血清VEGF(血管内皮细胞生长因子 )的变化 ,免疫组织化学检测实验大鼠肿瘤组织微血管密度的变化。结果 :大鼠血清VEGF浓度在予丹参、赤芍灌胃后明显升高 ,肿瘤组织微血管密度高于生理盐水组。活血中药 (丹参、赤芍 )组的肝转移率、血性腹水率、腹腔播散率均高于生理盐水组。结论 :丹参、赤芍中药可增强实验大鼠VEGF的表达及肿瘤血管形成 ,促进肿瘤侵袭和转移发生。

Walker星座区域覆盖理论分析

针对Walker星座对纬度带目标或者全球目标的持续性覆盖问题,提出一组判定定理,得到一套求解该问题的方法。利用Walker自身的对称性得到需要进行覆盖分析的最小时段;利用卫星星下点轨迹的拓扑关系得到其对地球表面的一个划分,得到需要分析的最小区域;利用覆盖带方法求得对需要分析区域的覆盖的必要条件和充分条件;得到一个关于连续性单重覆盖和N重覆盖的充要条件。数值仿真结果表明,该套方法计算结果精确,计算效率较高。

中南半岛对流对南海夏季风建立过程的影响

利用RegCM2模式进行数值试验 ,得到中南半岛对流对北半球副高带断裂、进而对孟加拉湾对流建立具有重要影响 ,而孟加拉湾对流建立后激发的Rossby波列又是南海夏季风建立的主要因子之一。进一步分析中南半岛对流、副高带断裂及南海夏季风建立的年际变化 ,得到中南半岛对流的强弱 (活跃的早晚 )与副高带在孟加拉湾北部断裂及南海夏季风爆发的早晚有密切关系。它们还与海温异常及纬圈环流的变化相联系 :当赤道中东太平洋海温偏暖 (冷 )时 ,Walker环流偏弱 (强 ) ,中南半岛对流偏弱 (强 ) ,副高带断裂偏晚 (早 ) ,南海夏季风建立偏迟 (早 )。

中药黄芪加三七对大鼠Walker256癌肝转移影响机制的研究

目的:探讨中药黄芪加三七抑制大鼠Walker256癌肿瘤血管生成及肝转移的机制。方法:Walker256癌细胞接种于Wistar大鼠脾脏建立肝转移模型,分成对照组、三七组、三七+黄芪组,每组10只,分别于接种Walker256癌细胞第2天开始予相应的生理盐水,三七水煎剂及三七加黄芪水煎剂灌胃,每日2次,每次0.3mL。造模后2d及14d,分别用ELISA法检测各组大鼠血清Ang-1、Ang-2、Tie-2、VEGF、HIF-1α水平变化,并于实验结束后取肝组织,免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠肿瘤组织内微血管密度的变化。结果:与对照组比较,三七组、三七加黄芪组Ang-1表达水平均增加(P<0.05),而Ang-2、Tie-2、VEGF、HIF-1α(P<0.05)水平均下降,以三七加黄芪组更为显著。结论:黄芪+三七更利于抑制大鼠Walker256癌抑制肿瘤生长和肿瘤血管生成,可能是将来中药联合抗肿瘤的新方向之一。