From the beginnings of Wahabism in the 18th century to the so called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant （ISIL, ISIS） violence has occasionally been justified in the name of Islam, which is problematic for secular ...From the beginnings of Wahabism in the 18th century to the so called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant （ISIL, ISIS） violence has occasionally been justified in the name of Islam, which is problematic for secular and traditional scholars alike. This paper demonstrates that there are three complex, interrelated causes for this violence： foreign military intervention, Salafi-Jihadism and a utopian state founded upon faith and justice, i.e. a caliphate.展开更多
Establishment, existence and achievements of a state depend upon political culture, which are civic, liberal and representative mostly available in Western politics. Political culture is generally manifested through t...Establishment, existence and achievements of a state depend upon political culture, which are civic, liberal and representative mostly available in Western politics. Political culture is generally manifested through the actions, policy programs and operational aspects of the government, oppositions, political parties, pressure groups and the public. Over the years, there has been a continued turbulence in institutionalizing democratic political culture around our borders in which Pakistan figures more prominently mainly due to the ongoing military operations in its western region supplemented by suicidal attacks and explosions in metropolitan areas. This tragic turbulence cannot be isolated from the emerging incidents, violence and bloodshed in Afghanistan. Present situation of Pakistan is witnessing that, the United States of America is trying everything to save Pakistan from being failed and collapse. The American War on terror is badly dependent on Pakistan and for securing her interest, The US has created the Coalition Support Funds （CSF） as a mechanism to reimburse Pakistan for the support in ＂global war on terror＂. Since Pakistan has turbulent borders with India, it is therefore unavoidable for India to assess and estimate some of the crucial events and incidents beyond the borders in the larger interest of national interest and peace in South Asia. The aim of the proposed research is to explore existing realities regarding US military aid to Pakistan and its implications for Indo-US Relations. The US dependency on Pakistan, the misuse of American aid, which is clearly directed against India, the new strategy of Obama administration to fight Taliban especially Pakistan based Tahrik-e-Taliban and A1-Qaeda are the important factors to be highlighted. Attempt will be made to fmd out major reasons of these phenomena and their impact on the regional dynamics. The American and Pakistan＇s response towards the Indian concern will also be taken into account.展开更多
Urban terrorism is a significant global concern,prompting extensive scholarly inquiry into its underlying causes and effects.However,a comprehensive literature review summarizing this body of knowledge is notably abse...Urban terrorism is a significant global concern,prompting extensive scholarly inquiry into its underlying causes and effects.However,a comprehensive literature review summarizing this body of knowledge is notably absent.Thus,this study seeks to address this gap by conducting a thorough examination of existing literature on terrorism,particularly focusing on urban contexts,to identify key patterns and recurring themes.The study identified 515 research articles using the keywords"urban"and"terrorism"through the Web of Science and Scopus databases.A bibliometric review was conducted,which included a historical background,author keywords,country and institution,citation,and co-citation analyses.The findings revealed an increase in the number of studies on urban terrorism following the 9/11 attacks in the United States,which accounted for the highest number of publications in the country.Most studies were conducted in government law,international relations,and urban studies.Keyword analysis revealed that counterterrorism,security,and disasters were more closely linked to terrorism.Thematic analysis identified six main themes related to urban spaces and terrorism:tourism,governance,resilience,public health,economy,security,and counterterrorism.This study emphasizes the importance of involving the public in counterterrorism efforts in addition to traditional approaches to addressing urban terrorism.展开更多
The tradition of the west defines its modernity as a radical rupture with endless possibilities for egalitarian futures; yet western modernity was rooted in the genocide of indigenous populations, transatlantic racial...The tradition of the west defines its modernity as a radical rupture with endless possibilities for egalitarian futures; yet western modernity was rooted in the genocide of indigenous populations, transatlantic racial slavery and colonialism. Moreover, as the war on terror demonstrates, racial/gender violence continues to be linked to the formation of western identity, culture and politics in the early twenty-first century. This paper examines how the histories of race and coloniality feature in the contemporary formation of the west, with a particular focus on US nationalism and Canadian multiculturalism. These nation-states are most often defined as antithetical, with the latter confirming that western society has transcended its originary racial/colonial politics. I begin with a brief discussion of the reformation of the west in the mid-twentieth century as the USA became the dominant western power. I then move to compare the contemporary national politics of the USA and Canada to highlight the divergence and convergence in their ddineation of their identity and values. My study demonstrates that although the white supremacist discourse that presently constitutes US nationalism is at variance with the multi- culturalism that shapes Canadian identity, these discourses can be defined as twin aspects of the racial/colonial politics that continue to give meaning to the idea of the west.展开更多
文摘CHINA started the new year by putting its firstanti-terrorism law into effect, representing the country＇s latest efforts to address the issue at home.
文摘From the beginnings of Wahabism in the 18th century to the so called Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant （ISIL, ISIS） violence has occasionally been justified in the name of Islam, which is problematic for secular and traditional scholars alike. This paper demonstrates that there are three complex, interrelated causes for this violence： foreign military intervention, Salafi-Jihadism and a utopian state founded upon faith and justice, i.e. a caliphate.
文摘Establishment, existence and achievements of a state depend upon political culture, which are civic, liberal and representative mostly available in Western politics. Political culture is generally manifested through the actions, policy programs and operational aspects of the government, oppositions, political parties, pressure groups and the public. Over the years, there has been a continued turbulence in institutionalizing democratic political culture around our borders in which Pakistan figures more prominently mainly due to the ongoing military operations in its western region supplemented by suicidal attacks and explosions in metropolitan areas. This tragic turbulence cannot be isolated from the emerging incidents, violence and bloodshed in Afghanistan. Present situation of Pakistan is witnessing that, the United States of America is trying everything to save Pakistan from being failed and collapse. The American War on terror is badly dependent on Pakistan and for securing her interest, The US has created the Coalition Support Funds （CSF） as a mechanism to reimburse Pakistan for the support in ＂global war on terror＂. Since Pakistan has turbulent borders with India, it is therefore unavoidable for India to assess and estimate some of the crucial events and incidents beyond the borders in the larger interest of national interest and peace in South Asia. The aim of the proposed research is to explore existing realities regarding US military aid to Pakistan and its implications for Indo-US Relations. The US dependency on Pakistan, the misuse of American aid, which is clearly directed against India, the new strategy of Obama administration to fight Taliban especially Pakistan based Tahrik-e-Taliban and A1-Qaeda are the important factors to be highlighted. Attempt will be made to fmd out major reasons of these phenomena and their impact on the regional dynamics. The American and Pakistan＇s response towards the Indian concern will also be taken into account.
文摘Urban terrorism is a significant global concern,prompting extensive scholarly inquiry into its underlying causes and effects.However,a comprehensive literature review summarizing this body of knowledge is notably absent.Thus,this study seeks to address this gap by conducting a thorough examination of existing literature on terrorism,particularly focusing on urban contexts,to identify key patterns and recurring themes.The study identified 515 research articles using the keywords"urban"and"terrorism"through the Web of Science and Scopus databases.A bibliometric review was conducted,which included a historical background,author keywords,country and institution,citation,and co-citation analyses.The findings revealed an increase in the number of studies on urban terrorism following the 9/11 attacks in the United States,which accounted for the highest number of publications in the country.Most studies were conducted in government law,international relations,and urban studies.Keyword analysis revealed that counterterrorism,security,and disasters were more closely linked to terrorism.Thematic analysis identified six main themes related to urban spaces and terrorism:tourism,governance,resilience,public health,economy,security,and counterterrorism.This study emphasizes the importance of involving the public in counterterrorism efforts in addition to traditional approaches to addressing urban terrorism.
文摘The tradition of the west defines its modernity as a radical rupture with endless possibilities for egalitarian futures; yet western modernity was rooted in the genocide of indigenous populations, transatlantic racial slavery and colonialism. Moreover, as the war on terror demonstrates, racial/gender violence continues to be linked to the formation of western identity, culture and politics in the early twenty-first century. This paper examines how the histories of race and coloniality feature in the contemporary formation of the west, with a particular focus on US nationalism and Canadian multiculturalism. These nation-states are most often defined as antithetical, with the latter confirming that western society has transcended its originary racial/colonial politics. I begin with a brief discussion of the reformation of the west in the mid-twentieth century as the USA became the dominant western power. I then move to compare the contemporary national politics of the USA and Canada to highlight the divergence and convergence in their ddineation of their identity and values. My study demonstrates that although the white supremacist discourse that presently constitutes US nationalism is at variance with the multi- culturalism that shapes Canadian identity, these discourses can be defined as twin aspects of the racial/colonial politics that continue to give meaning to the idea of the west.
