Sensitivity of the Warm Core of Tropical Cyclones to Solar Radiation

To investigate the impacts of solar radiation on tropical cyclone （TC） warm-core structure （i.e., the magnitude and height）, a pair of idealized simulations are conducted by specifying different strengths of solar shortwave radiation. It is found that the TC warm core is highly sensitive to the shortwave radiative effect. For the nighttime storm, a tendency for a more intense warm core is found, with an elevated height compared to its daytime counterpart. As pointed out by previous studies, the radiative cooling during nighttime destabilizes the local and large-scale environment and thus promotes deep moist convec- tion, which enhances the TC＇s intensity. Due to the different inertial stabilities, the diabatic heating in the eyewall will force different secondary circulations. For a strong TC with a deeper vertical structure, this promotes a thin upper-level inflow layer. This inflow carries the lower stratospheric air with high potential temperature and descends adiabatically in the eye, resulting in significant upper-level warming. The Sawyer-Eliassen diagnosis further confirms that the height of the maximum temperature anomaly is likely attributable to the balance among the forced secondary circulations.

On the rapid intensification for Typhoon Meranti(2016):convection,warm core,and heating budget

Through a cloud-resolving simulation of the rapid intensification(RI)of Typhoon Meranti(2016),the convections,warm core,and heating budget are investigated during the process of RI.By investigating the spatial distributions and temporal evolutions of both convectivestratiform precipitation and shallow-deep convections,we find that the inner-core convections take mode turns,from stratiform-precipitation(SP)dominance to convectiveprecipitation(CP)prevalence during the transition stages between pre-RI and RI.For the CP,it experiences fewer convections before RI,and the conversion from moderate/moderate-deep convections to moderate-deep/deep convections during RI.There is a clear upper-level warm-core structure during the process of RI.However,the mid-lowlevel warming begins first,before the RI of Meranti.By calculating the local potential temperature(0)budget of various convections,the link between convections and the warm core(and further to RI via the pressure drop due to the warming core)is established.Also,the transport pathways of heating toward the center of Meranti driven by pressure are illuminated.The total hydrostatic pressure decline is determined by the mid-low-level warm anomaly before RI,mostly caused by SP.The azimuthal-mean diabatic heating is the largest heating source,the mean vertical heat advection controls the vertical downwards transport by adiabatic warming of compensating downdrafts above eye region,and then the radial 6 advection term radially transports heat toward the center of Meranti in a slantwise direction.Accompanying the onset of RI,the heating efficiency of the upper-level warming core rises swiftly and overruns that of the mid-low-level warmanomaly, dominating the total pressure decrease and beingmainly led by moderate-deep and deep convections. Asidefrom the characteristics in common with SP, for CP, theeddy component of radial advection also plays a positiverole in warming the core, which enhances the centripetaltransport effect and accelerates the RI of Meranti.

INVERSION OF TEMPERATURE FROM AMSU-A AND ITS APPLICATION ON WARM-CORE OF TROPICAL DEPRESSION OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

The linear regression and horizontally stepwise correction are conducted on the observational data from AMSU-A L1 B of NOAA polar orbit satellite to invert a 40-layers(from 1,000 h Pa to 0.1 h Pa) dataset of atmospheric temperature with a horizontal resolution of 0.5°×0.5° after the correction of satellite antenna pattern and limb adjustment. Case study shows that the inversion data of temperature can reveal the detail structure of warm core in tropical cyclone. We choose two categories of tropical depressions(TDs) over the South China Sea, including the non-developing TDs and developing TDs. Both of them are developed downward from the middle and upper level to the lower level. Comparison between the evolutions of warm core in the two categories of TDs indicates that the warm core is developed downward from the middle and upper troposphere to the sea surface in all the downward-developing TDs. The difference is that in the group of further developing TDs, the warm core in the upper troposphere is intensified suddenly when it is extending to the sea surface. The warm core in the upper and lower troposphere is strengthened in a meantime. But the similar feature is not observed in the non-developing TDs. Then it may be helpful to judge the TD development by monitoring the change in its warm-core structure.

充气式保温毯不同保温模式维持腹部手术患者核心体温有效性的Meta分析

目的系统评价身上型和身下全身型充气式保温毯维持腹部手术患者围手术期核心体温的有效性,为腹部手术患者选择合适、有效的主动保温方法提供临床依据。方法通过计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Scopus、Embase、CINAHL、中国知网以及万方数据库,收集身上型和身下全身型充气式保温毯对维持腹部手术患者核心体温有效性的随机对照试验,并追溯其参考文献,检索时限均为建库至2023年3月。2位研究者独立进行文献筛选、数据提取和质量评价后,采用Rev Man 5.4软件对纳入文献进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入5项随机对照试验,总样本量为373例患者。Meta分析结果显示,身下全身型充气式保温毯能升高患者术中核心体温[95%CI为0.13(0.02~0.29),P<0.001],降低围术期非计划低体温的发生率[95%CI为0.15(0.03~0.79),P=0.020],并减少术后寒战的发生[95%CI为0.17(0.05~0.63),P=0.008]。结论身下全身型充气式保温毯对维持腹部手术患者围手术期核心体温有效,可降低围术期非计划低体温和寒战的发生风险。

Comparison of tropical cyclone thermal structures derived from ATMS and synthetic AMSU-A/MHS

热带气旋(TC)的暖心反映了其强度和变化.微波探测数据被广泛用于探测TC暖心,但观测到的TC暖心强度可能因仪器而异.本研究利用先进技术微波探测仪(ATMS)的过采样数据重采样至与先进微波探测仪(AMSU-A)一致的亮温,称为类AMSU数据.通过对比发现,ATMS的观测更加细致,较好地刻画了TC眼区和云带.使用ATMS和类-AMSU数据反演多个TC的暖心发现,在250 hPa,使用ATMS数据反演的暖心强度比类-AMSU高约1-2K,并且其暖心结构更详细.

温压温度对FeSiBC非晶磁粉芯压缩以及磁学性能的影响

高电阻率的无机氧化物纳米粒子被广泛用作软磁粉芯的绝缘包覆材料,以降低粉芯高频下的涡流损耗,提升器件的工作稳定性和能量利用效率。针对非磁性氧化物纳米粒子的存在会导致粉芯致密性和磁导率下降的问题,本文将温压工艺引入FeSiBC非晶磁粉芯的制备中,重点研究温压温度对FeSiBC非晶磁粉芯的成形性、磁学性能以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:温压温度为120℃时,软化的树脂能够有效填充进磁粉间的间隙,增强黏结效果,使粉芯具有最佳的压缩性和综合磁学性能。此时,原始和包覆粉芯的抗压强度分别为220.0和269.1 MPa,相较于室温压制粉芯分别提升了107.5%和47.8%;有效磁导率在100 kHz~10 MHz范围内分别稳定至20.8和18.7 H/m,相较于室温压制粉芯分别提升了20.9%和16.9%;1 MHz、0.05 T下的交流损耗分别为2693.5和2228.0 kW/m^(3),相较于室温压制粉芯分别下降了13.9%和21.3%。本工作通过优化温压工艺参数,提升磁粉芯的应用频率和能量利用效率,为制备性能优良的FeSiBC磁粉芯提供指导。

South China Sea Warm Pool in Boreal Spring

During the boreal spring of 1966, a warm-core eddy is identified in the upper South China Sea (SCS) west of the Philippines through an analysis of the U.S. Navy′s Master Oceanographic Observation Data Set. This eddy occurred before the development of the northern summer monsoon and disappeared afterward. We propose that this eddy is a result of the radiative warming during spring and the downwelling due to the anticyclonic forcing at the surface. Our hypothesis suggests an air-sea feedback scenario that may explain the development and withdrawal of the summer monsoon over the SCS. The development phase of the warm-core eddy in this hypothesis is tested by using the Princeton Ocean model.

温针灸联合悬吊核心训练对寒湿型腰椎间盘突出症患者腰椎功能及中医证候的影响

目的探讨温针灸联合悬吊核心训练在寒湿型腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)患者中的应用效果.方法选择我院2021年6月—2023年2月收治的86例寒湿型LDH患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组.两组均行常规康复干预,对照组(n=43)采用悬吊核心训练干预,观察组(n=43)在对照组基础上联合温针灸干预,两组均持续干预6周.对比两组的腰椎功能、中医证候积分、疼痛情况.结果干预后,观察组日本骨科学会腰椎功能量表评分高于对照组,腰痛、腰腿沉重、腿麻及肢体发凉评分均低于对照组,疼痛视觉模拟评分为(2.17±0.47)分,低于对照组的(2.83±0.55)分,组间差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).结论温针灸联合悬吊核心训练能够促进寒湿型LDH患者的腰椎功能恢复,可减轻临床症状与疼痛程度.

高中美术教学中的冷暖色彩搭配教学策略分析

色彩作为美术绘画创作中必不可少的一个元素,合理创新的冷暖色彩搭配能够直观地冲击人们的视觉,提高学生对色彩基本规律的认识。基于此,本文将结合高中美术教学中冷暖色彩搭配课程教学实例,对高中美术教学中冷暖色彩搭配的教学策略展开深入的研究。研究发现,在美术创作中,色彩搭配应用的关键在于“色彩的调和与对比”,通过使用相邻色、互补色或三角色的配色原则,以及采用明度对比、冷暖对比或者类似色协调法、中性色间隔协调法等方法能够创造出具有独特色彩风格的作品。因此,在高中美术教学中,冷暖色彩的搭配教学能够增强学生对色彩的鉴赏能力,提高美术创作中色彩的应用能力。

Warming of Antarctica as a Degassing Consequence

The warming of Antarctica observed in recent years is one of the consequences of deep degassing associated with the northward drift of the Earth’s core. Ascending streams of hydrogen and other gases move along the tectonic faults of the lithosphere. When they get into an oxidizing environment, there is an increase in the amount of water in the ocean and air, which is accompanied by a decrease in oxygen concentrations and the release of huge amounts of energy. The provisions of the proposed theory were tested using the method of mental critical experiment. The reality of atmospheric effects of subsurface degassing is confirmed by the facts of synchronous destruction of ozone in the stratosphere and an increase in the temperature of the surface air layer. These events usually coincide with releases of ozone-depleting and heat-generating hydrogen from the subsurface.

温压工艺对铁硅铝软磁粉芯性能的影响

采用粉末冶金温压新技术研制了铁硅铝软磁粉芯,探讨了润滑剂含量、温压温度、温压压力对软磁粉芯的密度、磁导率、磁损耗的影响。结果表明:温压工艺能有效地提高铁硅铝软磁粉芯的密度和磁导率,并降低磁损耗;添加0.8wt%温压润滑剂、140℃和700 MPa温压时可以获得最佳的磁性能,磁导率可达196.1(100 kHz)或191.9(1000 kHz),磁损耗则为23.3 W/kg(100 kHz,B_(m)=50 mT)。

下半身充气保温在胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者中的应用效果观察

目的 探讨下半身充气保温对胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者核心体温及细胞免疫功能的影响。方法 选择2020年3月至2022年10月在我院拟行胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者83例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组(42例)与对照组(41例)。在常规手术室保温干预的基础上,对照组给予充气式保温毯覆盖上半身,观察组给予充气式保温毯覆盖下半身。麻醉诱导前(T_(0)),麻醉诱导后30 min(T_(1))、60 min(T_(2))、90 min(T_(3))、120 min(T_(4))、术毕(T_(5)),比较两组核心体温(鼓膜温度);T_(0)、T_(5)时比较两组T淋巴细胞亚群;观察两组寒颤、恶心呕吐、低氧血症、躁动等并发症发生情况。结果 观察组T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)、T_(5)时核心体温均高于对照组(P<0.05);T_(5)时CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)高于对照组,CD8^(+)低于对照组(P<0.05);寒颤及并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 下半身充气保温有助于维持胸腔镜肺癌根治术患者核心体温的相对稳定,缓解细胞免疫功能抑制症状,减少围术期寒颤等并发症的发生。

温针灸辅助核心力量训练治疗对慢性腰肌劳损患者疼痛程度﹑腰椎功能恢复的影响

目的探讨温针灸辅助核心力量训练治疗对慢性腰肌劳损患者疼痛程度﹑腰椎功能恢复的影响.方法选取2021年1月—2023年6月仁怀市人民医院中医康复科和仁怀市中医院骨科收治的100例慢性腰肌劳损患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,各50例.对照组采用核心力量训练治疗,观察组采用温针灸辅助核心力量训练治疗,均治疗4周.比较两组患者临床症候评分﹑疼痛程度﹑腰椎功能及生活质量.结果治疗后,观察组临床症候评分﹑疼痛视觉模拟评分﹑Oswestry功能障碍指数量表评分均低于对照组,健康调查简表评分高于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论温针灸辅助核心力量训练治疗慢性腰肌劳损患者效果更佳,可降低患者临床症候评分,减轻疼痛,改善腰椎功能,提高生活质量.

温针灸联合核心稳定训练治疗非特异性腰痛患者的效果

目的:观察温针灸联合核心稳定训练治疗非特异性腰痛患者的效果。方法:选取2021年11月至2022年6月该院收治的60例非特异性腰痛患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和观察组各30例。对照组给予核心稳定训练,观察组在对照组基础上联合温针灸治疗。比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、腰椎日本骨科协会评估治疗(JOA)评分、Schober试验距离及指地距离(FFD)。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为96.67%(29/30),高于对照组的73.33%(22/30),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组VAS评分均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,两组腰椎JOA评分均高于治疗前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组Schober试验距离均长于治疗前,且观察组长于对照组,两组FFD均短于治疗前,且观察组短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:温针灸联合核心稳定训练治疗非特异性腰痛患者可提高治疗总有效率和腰椎功能,降低疼痛程度,改善脊柱活动度,效果优于单纯核心稳定训练。

纳米SiO_(2)包覆对温压FeSiB非晶磁粉芯软磁性能的影响

为了改善有机粘结剂在粉末颗粒表面形成的绝缘包覆膜在热处理过程中易破损的现象,引入纳米SiO_(2)作为绝缘剂弥补这一缺陷,研究纳米SiO_(2)的添加量对磁粉芯性能的影响。结果表明:在120℃、800 MPa的温压成形条件下,随着纳米SiO_(2)的添加量增加,磁粉芯的磁导率逐渐下降;且在测试频率为50~2000 kHz范围内,磁粉芯的有效磁导率μe均具有良好的频率稳定性;在测试频率为50~400 kHz范围内,磁粉芯的磁损耗Ps和矫顽力Hc随着频率的增高而增高,且添加量越多,磁损耗和矫顽力均越低。当纳米SiO_(2)的添加量为2.0 wt%时,磁粉芯有相对较好的软磁性能。

一次西南低涡暴雨过程的诊断分析与数值模拟

利用常规观测资料、FY-2C卫星云图、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对一次西南低涡暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明,这次暴雨天气过程的主要影响系统有对流层高层南亚高压、中层低涡、低层切变线(低涡)以及台风"天鹅"。该过程是由3个接连发生的中尺度对流云团直接造成的,发生在西南低涡闭合涡旋范围内的非对称处。利用WRF_ARW(The Advanced Research WRF)中尺度模式进行了数值模拟,结果表明,对流层高层南亚高压脊线附近的强辐散、对流层中层低涡的垂直涡度耦合和对流层低层强劲的东风干冷急流与南风暖湿急流在四川盆地内交汇,促使西南低涡发展、加强。对流层高层的强辐散和低层强辐合相配合,有利于西南低涡的增强、发展。温度场上,发展的西南低涡在300hPa附近出现"暖心"结构,在850hPa以下北冷南暖,冷暖空气交界随着高度的增加向北倾斜。低涡中心南北两侧的次级环流圈上升支在低涡中心附近汇合,出现剧烈的上升运动,促使西南低涡增强。随着高层南亚高压的南移、高空急流的南压,高层辐散减弱,西南低涡也减弱。当中层西风大槽主体移过河套地区,其携带的强冷空气沿高原东侧迅速南下,大量冷空气进入四川盆地,促使西南低涡向南移出盆地,最终减弱、填塞。

利用AMSU-A亮温估测西北太平洋区域热带气旋强度

先进的微波垂直探测器AMSU（Advanced Microwave SoundingUnit）能接收到穿透一定厚度云层的微波辐射信息,适合于分析热带气旋暖核特征.由辐射传输方程和静力学方程可知,气旋暖核强度同中心海平面气压距平相关联.本文利用搭载于极轨气象卫星NOAA-16/17/18上的AMSU-A亮温资料,根据2002-2006年之间发生在西北太平洋区域热带气旋的移动路径,匹配出47个热带气旋的183时次个例,并将各时次的暖核最大亮温距平同气象业务部门发布的热带气旋强度报告值建立统计回归方程.为进一步提高估测精度,在计算亮温距平过程中,提出用于修正扫描点分辨率不均匀所带来取样偏差的方法,并综合利用AMSU-A的7、8双通道信息来进行估测,利用修正后算法得到暖核亮温距平同气旋强度之间的相关系数为0.80,标准偏差为12.2hPa,对近年来影响我国较大的两个台风（0414“云娜”和0608“桑美”）进行个例估测,平均偏差约6hPa.

医务人员围手术期保温知识、态度及患者保温现状调查

目的了解医务人员对患者围手术期保温的知识和态度,以及手术患者保温现状,为做好围手术期保温工作,降低手术部位感染提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法抽取某院外科科室和手术室的198名医务人员,以及手术室接受手术的160例患者作为研究对象。参考国外文献设计调查问卷对医务人员进行调查,采用现场观察法收集手术患者实施的保温措施信息。结果医务人员对围手术期保温知识和态度得分中位数(四分位数间距)为9(2.25)分和25(1.25)分,不同年龄、文化程度和岗位的医务人员知识、态度得分差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。医务人员对低体温、主动保温模式和被动保温模式的知晓率分别为21.21%、43.94%和30.81%。认为术前、术中以及术后保温非常必要的医务人员分别占80.30%、89.90%和86.36%。术中68.13%的患者采取棉被和护肩保温。结论医务人员对围手术期保温态度较积极,但对保温知识欠缺,患者保温设备设施有待改进。

一次北上江南气旋的结构特征与演变机理分析

利用常规的高空、地面观测、NCEP的1°×1°再分析资料和FY-2E水汽图像等资料,分析了一次北上的江南气旋降水分布、生成环境、结构特征及气旋发展和移动的成因。结果表明:(1)气压场形状和强降水落区的演变类似于Shapiro-Keyser气旋模型。(2)江南气旋发生并向北发展,表现为250 hPa高空辐散,500 hPa西北槽与高原东部槽东移合并、下游脊加强环流的背景。(3)这次气旋虽然没有出现Shapiro-Keyser气旋模型中明显的暖锋后弯现象,但在低压中心附近存在弱的暖核,该核主要位于850 hPa以下层次。(4)当正相对涡度区随高度向西倾斜、地面气旋中心西侧的冷锋锋区增强、高层相对涡度值增大时,气旋处于快速加深过程中;当高低层正相对涡度中心几乎垂直重合、且对流层低层冷锋锋区减弱,则气旋缓慢发展。(5)暖湿气流向北发展和垂直于暖锋的次级环流加强使得暖锋附近的降水增强。(6)用准地转ω运动方程诊断得到,在气旋的初生阶段,地面气旋上空垂直上升速度几乎为0,气旋基本不发展;但其下游暖平流和高低层涡度平流差值大,有利于气旋快速向东北方向移动。在气旋发展阶段,地面气旋上空垂直上升速度加大,气旋快速发展,但其下游暖平流和高低层涡度平流差值减小使得气旋移速缓慢。在气旋发展停滞阶段,地面气旋上空垂直上升速度微弱,气旋发展趋于停止,且其下游暖平流和高低层涡度平流差值继续减小,气旋移速进一步变缓。

利用ATOVS反演产品分析“云娜”台风

ATOVS能接收到穿透台风中心密实云区的微波辐射信息,利用ATOVS大气参数反演产品分析0414号台风“云娜”的热力结构特征。在准静力平衡假设的前提下,根据ATOVS对“云娜”台风监测相匹配的4个时次数据,分别计算出相应的中心海平面最低气压,同中央气象台利用可见光和红外技术得到的台风报告值相比,平均偏差为11.8hPa,它随时间的变化能显示台风强度演变的过程。