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Effects of Carbon Nanomaterials on Soil Enzyme Activity of Turfgrass
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作者 Ying XIONG Xue BAI +1 位作者 Shulan ZHAO Li'an DUO 《Agricultural Biotechnology》 CAS 2023年第1期76-77,83,共3页
[Objectives]This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of carbon nanomaterials on soil ecosystem and explore the ecological risks of environmental exposure of carbon nanomaterials. [Methods] The effects of carbo... [Objectives]This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of carbon nanomaterials on soil ecosystem and explore the ecological risks of environmental exposure of carbon nanomaterials. [Methods] The effects of carbon nanomaterials on soil enzyme activity was studied by adding graphene, graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes to turfgrass soil. [Results] Compared with the control(CK), the activity of soil protease, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase and catalase was not significantly affected by carbon nanomaterials. Under the treatment of carbon nanotubes, urease activity was significantly lower than that of graphene and graphene oxide, and dehydrogenase activity was significantly lower than that of the CK, graphene and graphene oxide. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for the safe application of carbon nanomaterials. 展开更多
关键词 Carbon nanomaterials turfgrass Soil enzyme activity
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冷季型高羊茅和多年生黑麦草抗旱性评价
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作者 熊雪 董建新 +1 位作者 高思楠 王欣然 《草原与草坪》 CAS CSCD 2024年第5期207-213,共7页
【目的】研究干旱胁迫对草坪草的影响及筛选抗旱能力较强的草坪草品种。【方法】选取适宜我国北方地区生长的冷季型草坪草高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)和多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)各4个品种,分别用10%和20%的PEG-6000进行干旱胁迫... 【目的】研究干旱胁迫对草坪草的影响及筛选抗旱能力较强的草坪草品种。【方法】选取适宜我国北方地区生长的冷季型草坪草高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)和多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)各4个品种,分别用10%和20%的PEG-6000进行干旱胁迫的模拟试验,测定分析不同干旱胁迫强度下各品种的生长速率、外观表现、生物量、叶片相对含水量、叶绿素、丙二醛含量等生长及生理指标,采用隶属函数法,对草坪草受到的胁迫程度进行综合评定。【结果】不同草坪草品种在干旱胁迫下的生长和表现均受到一定的抑制,相对含水量、叶绿素含量减少,丙二醛含量增加,且存在较大的品种差异。【结论】通过综合评价得出各品种的抗旱性强弱顺序为:绿拓>丽川>交战>闪电>反叛者Ⅳ>泰绿>精华>反叛者Ⅴ。 展开更多
关键词 冷季型草坪草 抗旱性 干旱胁迫 综合评价
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不同暖季型草坪草品种对盐碱地土壤理化性质和微生物群落的影响
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作者 姚祥 李晓慧 +4 位作者 沈泽宇 邹景文 隋德宗 陈静波 郭海林 《植物资源与环境学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期59-66,共8页
在江苏盐碱地中种植暖季型草坪草狗牙根〔Cynodon dactylon(Linn.)Pers.〕品种‘阳江’(‘Yangjiang’)和杂交结缕草(Zoysia sinica×Z.matrella)品种‘苏植3号’(‘Suzhi No.3’),探索这2个品种对盐碱地的植株地下部生物量以及土... 在江苏盐碱地中种植暖季型草坪草狗牙根〔Cynodon dactylon(Linn.)Pers.〕品种‘阳江’(‘Yangjiang’)和杂交结缕草(Zoysia sinica×Z.matrella)品种‘苏植3号’(‘Suzhi No.3’),探索这2个品种对盐碱地的植株地下部生物量以及土壤理化性质和微生物群落的影响。结果表明:‘阳江’和‘苏植3号’种植样地的植株地下部生物量和土壤有机质含量均显著高于对照样地;土壤的pH值和电导率均显著低于对照样地。细菌群落结构和真菌群落结构与对照样地均有显著差异,‘阳江’和‘苏植3号’种植样地的细菌Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均显著高于对照样地;固氮细菌、丛枝菌根真菌和粪腐生真菌的相对丰富度均显著高于对照样地。总体上看,‘阳江’和‘苏植3号’种植样地土壤中功能细菌类群关系较近,二者与对照样地的关系均较远;而3种样地土壤中功能真菌类群关系均较远。‘阳江’和‘苏植3号’种植样地的植株地下部生物量和土壤理化性质明显影响土壤中细菌多样性,植株地下部生物量以及土壤的pH值和电导率明显影响土壤中部分功能细菌的丰富度,植株地下部生物量和土壤pH值明显影响土壤中部分功能真菌的丰富度。综合分析认为,在江苏滨海盐碱地中种植‘阳江’和‘苏植3号’对盐碱地的植株地下部生物量以及土壤理化性质和微生物群落有明显的积极影响,在盐碱地生态修复中具有重要作用。 展开更多
关键词 ‘阳江’ ‘苏植3号’ 暖季型草坪草 盐碱地 土壤理化性质 微生物群落
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火炬树根蘖幼苗对3种草坪草种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应 被引量:1
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作者 张晓曦 胡嘉伟 +6 位作者 王星 李江文 刘凯旋 陈灵素 董雨欣 王子泉 陈锦强 《草业学报》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期47-59,共13页
以白三叶、苇状羊茅和多年生黑麦草3种北方常见草坪草为对象,通过室内砂培试验,研究了火炬树幼苗根、皮和叶的水浸提液在12.5、25.0和50.0 g·L^(-1)浓度下对受体植物种子萌发、幼苗生长以及生理指标的影响。并基于不同指标对应化... 以白三叶、苇状羊茅和多年生黑麦草3种北方常见草坪草为对象,通过室内砂培试验,研究了火炬树幼苗根、皮和叶的水浸提液在12.5、25.0和50.0 g·L^(-1)浓度下对受体植物种子萌发、幼苗生长以及生理指标的影响。并基于不同指标对应化感效应指数进行主成分分析获取的综合主成分值(F)评价各处理对3种草坪草的综合抑制程度,以期明确火炬树幼苗的潜在化感效应及其作用规律。结果表明:火炬树幼苗对受体植物各类指标的化感效应普遍受到化感物质来源器官、浸提液浓度和受体植物种类,以及上述因素交互作用的显著影响(P<0.05)。其中,火炬树所有器官的浸提液在各浓度下均使白三叶在苗期全部死亡。其根、皮和叶浸提液均显著抑制了苇状羊茅的种子萌发和幼苗生长,但仅后两者的综合抑制程度随浸提液浓度增加持续增强(F值降低1.07~2.77);浓度一致时,火炬树对苇状羊茅的综合抑制程度均为叶和皮>根(F值较后者低0.98~3.23)。火炬树根和皮浸提液对多年生黑麦草的综合抑制程度随浓度增加呈先增后降趋势,叶浸提液的抑制程度则随浓度增加呈持续增强趋势(F值降低1.11),且所有器官浸提液对多年生黑麦草的化感抑制普遍强于其对苇状羊茅的抑制(F值较后者低0.64~2.96);浓度一致时,在12.5和50.0 g·L^(-1)浓度下叶浸提液的综合抑制程度强于其他器官(F值较其他器官低0.44~1.55),而在25.0 g·L^(-1)浓度下皮浸提液的抑制程度最强(F值低0.51~0.69)。综上所述,在火炬树下种植草坪植物时建议优先考虑苇状羊茅而应避免种植白三叶。 展开更多
关键词 化感效应 火炬树幼苗 器官 草坪草
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两种冷季型草坪草的EMS诱变及突变体筛选
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作者 卢苗苗 谢明芳 +2 位作者 白邦琴 眭顺照 马婧 《草业科学》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第4期810-821,共12页
为确定甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变多年生黑麦草‘爱神特’(Lolium perenne‘Accent’)和高羊茅‘赤道’(Festuca arundinacea‘Equator’)种子的最佳条件,获得性状稳定的突变材料和后代。利用不同浓度EMS在不同时间下诱变两个草坪草种,根据... 为确定甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变多年生黑麦草‘爱神特’(Lolium perenne‘Accent’)和高羊茅‘赤道’(Festuca arundinacea‘Equator’)种子的最佳条件,获得性状稳定的突变材料和后代。利用不同浓度EMS在不同时间下诱变两个草坪草种,根据半致死浓度确定诱变组合。通过形态学、SCoT分子标记和生理指标测定筛选M1和M2代突变苗。结果表明:使用0.8%EMS溶液处理两个草坪草种36 h后播种,发芽率接近50%,诱变效果最佳。以该参数大规模诱变后,M1代两个草坪草种诱变株移栽成活933株,再经短期干旱胁迫,共筛选出18株耐旱单株。对M2代诱变株形态学分析发现,有叶面狭窄型和根长增长型两种突变类型。利用SCoT分子标记技术验证M2代诱变株发现,筛选的5条SCoT标记引物对20份草坪草样品扩增后,多态性比率为84.09%。其中SCoT-35引物扩增产物条带最为清晰稳定,诱变株与野生型差异明显。M2代三叶期变异单株经干旱、高温胁迫处理后,丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量及相对电导率呈升高趋势,叶绿素含量呈下降趋势。最终得到两株多年生黑麦草耐旱突变体A5和A8,1株高羊茅耐旱突变体B9;两株多年生黑麦草耐热突变体A8和B9,1株高羊茅耐旱耐热突变体B9。本研究结果为草坪草抗性品种选育提供了帮助。 展开更多
关键词 草坪草 化学诱变 种子萌发 形态学分析 SCoT分子标记技术 突变体 耐旱性 耐热性
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‘兰引Ⅲ号’结缕草对水肥耦合的响应机制研究
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作者 许鸿达 何维海 +4 位作者 钟秀娟 陆耀东 陈勇 张巨明 刘天增 《草地学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第10期3252-3261,共10页
在草坪养护管理过程中,会消耗大量的水分和肥料,为节约水肥资源,制定草坪最佳水肥用量至关重要。为了探究‘兰引Ⅲ号’结缕草(Zoysia japonica‘Lanyin No.Ⅲ’)的最佳水肥组合,本研究通过盆栽试验,设计了4个灌水梯度(W1:40%蒸发量、W2:... 在草坪养护管理过程中,会消耗大量的水分和肥料,为节约水肥资源,制定草坪最佳水肥用量至关重要。为了探究‘兰引Ⅲ号’结缕草(Zoysia japonica‘Lanyin No.Ⅲ’)的最佳水肥组合,本研究通过盆栽试验,设计了4个灌水梯度(W1:40%蒸发量、W2:60%蒸发量、W3:80%蒸发量、W4:100%蒸发量)和3个施肥梯度(F1:1.5 g·m^(-2) N+0.375 g·m^(-2) P+0.75 g·m^(-2) K,F2:3 g·m^(-2) N+0.75 g·m^(-2) P+1.5 g·m^(-2) K,F3:4.5 g·m^(-2) N+1.125 g·m^(-2) P+2.25 g·m^(-2) K)。结果表明:不同水肥耦合方式对‘兰引Ⅲ号’结缕草坪用质量、生理特性、生物量均会产生不同的影响,增加灌水和施肥可以提高草坪的外观质量和叶绿素含量、促进草坪垂直生长。增加灌水量和减少施肥量可以提高叶片水势,可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量、酸性磷酸酶活性与灌水量呈负相关、与施肥量呈正相关。水肥梯度为W3F3时,草坪水肥利用效率最大。通过回归分析并综合考虑草坪质量、水分和肥料利用效率等因素,‘兰引Ⅲ号’结缕草适宜的灌水量为蒸发量的80%,施肥量为4.5 g·m^(-2) N+1.125 g·m^(-2) P+2.25 g·m^(-2) K,即最佳水肥组合为W3F3处理。 展开更多
关键词 结缕草 水肥耦合 草坪质量 寻优模型
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干旱度对西南荩草有性繁殖指数及种子产量的影响
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作者 杨梦含 曾晓琳 +2 位作者 游明鸿 刘金平 杨琳雅 《草学》 2024年第1期30-35,共6页
为研究乡土草坪草种质资源西南荩草的开发利用潜力,通过设置4个干旱梯度(水分充足、轻度、中度和重度干旱),测定花芽分化期、花数、种子数、生物量等指标,分析干旱对荩草繁殖分配、繁殖指数、繁殖效益及种子产量的影响。结果表明:干旱... 为研究乡土草坪草种质资源西南荩草的开发利用潜力,通过设置4个干旱梯度(水分充足、轻度、中度和重度干旱),测定花芽分化期、花数、种子数、生物量等指标,分析干旱对荩草繁殖分配、繁殖指数、繁殖效益及种子产量的影响。结果表明:干旱度显著影响繁殖期和繁殖器官数量,重度干旱可提前18d开花,轻度和中度干旱可增加花穗数和小花数;干旱度显著影响生物量结构,影响为总生物量>非繁殖器官生物量>繁殖器官生物量,干旱限制非繁殖器官生物量,轻度和中度可增加繁殖器官生物量;干旱度显著影响繁殖效益指标,影响为繁殖比率>繁殖效率指数>繁殖指数>繁殖分配,轻度和中度干旱可显著提高繁殖效益指标;干旱度显著影响种子产量,影响为实际种子产量>潜在种子产量>表现种子产量,轻、中、重度干旱使实际种子产量分别下降14.02%、29.07%、55.54%;干旱度对发芽指标影响大小为种子发芽率>发芽势>发芽指数>活力指数,仅显著降低发芽率和发芽势。综上,干旱度显著影响西南荩草有性繁殖指数及种子产量,荩草可依据干旱度调节繁殖投入和维持繁殖收益,为护坡草坪自播和种群更新奠定种子基础。 展开更多
关键词 荩草 克隆生长 有性繁殖 草坪草 繁殖效率
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高温冲击对细叶结缕草幼苗生长和生理反应的影响
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作者 邓力铭 李佳懿 +2 位作者 刘金平 穆文涛 银彩羽 《四川林业科技》 2024年第2期88-92,共5页
依据亚热带地区夏季超高温出现及持续特点,设置5个高温梯度(36℃、38℃、40℃、42℃、44℃),对细叶结缕草幼苗进行30 d(2 h/d)冲击处理,通过测定株高、分蘖数、叶面积、生物量、叶绿素和生理活性物质含量等指标,研究高温冲击细叶结缕草... 依据亚热带地区夏季超高温出现及持续特点,设置5个高温梯度(36℃、38℃、40℃、42℃、44℃),对细叶结缕草幼苗进行30 d(2 h/d)冲击处理,通过测定株高、分蘖数、叶面积、生物量、叶绿素和生理活性物质含量等指标,研究高温冲击细叶结缕草幼苗生长和生理反应的影响。结果表明:1)高温冲击显著影响形态指标,≥38℃降低株高、叶数和总叶面积,≥40℃降低分蘖数,对形态指标影响大小为总叶面积>分蘖数>株高>叶数>叶厚。2)高温冲击显著影响生物量累积和分配,≥40℃降低总生物量和根冠比,生物量优先向地上部分分配。3)高温冲击显著影响叶绿素含量,≥38℃降低叶绿素a含量,≥40℃降低叶绿素b,叶绿素a/b受影响较小。4)高温冲击显著影响生理物质,温度越高SOD、POD活性和MDA、Pro含量越大,影响大小为MDA>POD>SOD>Pro>CAT,抗性物质含量对不同高温的响应差异较大。综上,高温冲击影响细叶结缕草生长、分生和光合能力,通过调节抗性物质抵抗高温伤害,可抵御44℃高温冲击安全越夏。 展开更多
关键词 细叶结缕草 高温 草坪草 生理 生长策略
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基于高光谱的草坪草光合参数模拟估算
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作者 刘桐 杜笑村 +1 位作者 纪童 姜佳昌 《草原与草坪》 CAS CSCD 2024年第2期79-87,共9页
【目的】光合参数是衡量草坪草生长状况的重要生理指标,探索基于高光谱技术的草坪草光合参数的模拟估算对于草坪养护管理具有重要意义。【方法】以3个常用草坪草品种红象高羊茅(Fes⁃tuca arundinacea cv.Hongxiang)、百灵鸟多年生黑麦草... 【目的】光合参数是衡量草坪草生长状况的重要生理指标,探索基于高光谱技术的草坪草光合参数的模拟估算对于草坪养护管理具有重要意义。【方法】以3个常用草坪草品种红象高羊茅(Fes⁃tuca arundinacea cv.Hongxiang)、百灵鸟多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne cv.Bailingniao)和肯塔基草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis cv.Kentucky)为试验材料,通过盆栽试验,在草坪草生长旺盛期,使用SOC710VP成像光谱仪和CIRAS⁃3便携式光合仪分别测定了草坪草冠层光谱数据、净光合速率(P_(n))和蒸腾速率(T_(r)),筛选与两种光合参数显著相关的原始光谱波段与植被指数,构建偏最小二乘法(PLS)估算模型,并利用PLS模型中变量投影重要性(Variable Importance Projection,VIP)方法筛选VIP值>1.2的重要波段与植被指数。【结果】1)共筛选与P_(n)显著相关的54个原始光谱波段(435、450、460、475、490~550、560~565、590~725、990~1000、1015~1030 nm)与9个植被指数(GI、NDVI、NDVI_(670)、CI、PSRI、NRI、SIPI、PRI、SR),其中原始光谱460 nm与植被指数CI相关系数绝对值最高,分别为0.46和0.77,共筛选与T_(r)显著相关的115个原始光谱波段(435~440、450~1010 nm)与7个植被指数(SIPI、SR、NDVI、NDVI_(670)、MSR_(705)、CI、DVI),其中原始光谱475 nm与植被指数SIPI相关系数绝对值最高,分别为0.61与0.54;2)P_(n)偏最小二乘法模型因变量方差解释率为75.24%,模型拟合精度R2为0.95,均方根误差RMSE为0.1,T_(r)偏最小二乘法模型因变量方差解释率为73.43%,模型拟合精度R2为0.73,均方根误差RMSE为0.5,可满足反演需求;3)根据偏最小二乘法中变量投影重要性VIP法筛选最优指标,得出反演P_(n)的最优指标为CI,T_(r)最优指标为SR。【结论】草坪草净光合速率与蒸腾速率的偏最小二乘法光谱反演模型,为草坪草光合指标评估提供了更便利的方案。 展开更多
关键词 高光谱 草坪草 净光合速率 蒸腾速率 偏最小二乘法模型
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Heavy metal accumulation of urban domestic rubbish compost in turfgrass by EDTA chelating 被引量:9
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作者 DUO Li-an GAO Yu-bao ZHAO Shu-lan 《Journal of Environmental Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2005年第5期813-816,共4页
Seven kinds of heavy metal accumulation of rubbish compost in turfgrass by EDTA chelating were investigated. With EDTA application, heavy metal accumulation by two species of turfgrass was increased significantly. The... Seven kinds of heavy metal accumulation of rubbish compost in turfgrass by EDTA chelating were investigated. With EDTA application, heavy metal accumulation by two species of turfgrass was increased significantly. The enrichment coefficients of Lolium perenne L(L) and Festuca arundinacea L(F) to Cr reached 9.4.5 and 6.15 respectively. In the range of EDTA dosages given, heavy metal accumulation in turfgrass increased with increasing EDTA level. There were significant differences in remediation of different metals by applying EDTA. L had high ability to accumulate Cr, Cd, Ni and Zn, showing better remediation to heavy metals of rubbish compost. In contrast, F showed high ability to accumulate Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn. Low EDTA level increased aboveground net primary production (ANP) of turfgrass, but EDTA would considerably inhibit it when EDTA was higher than 20 mmol/kg. The results demonstrated that the optimum dosage of EDTA for remediating heavy metals in rubbish compost by turfgrass was between 10 mmol/kg and 20 mmol/kg. 展开更多
关键词 domestic rubbish compost EDTA turfgrass heavy metal ACCUMULATION
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Heavy Metal Control in Domestic Rubbish by Source Screening and Suitability of Nutrient Elements as Turfgrass Medium 被引量:7
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作者 DUOLi-an ZHAOShu-lan GAOYu-bao 《Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)》 CAS 2005年第1期1-4,共4页
This paper, probing into heavy metal control in domestic rubbish by source screening and nutrient element analysis, revealed the feasibility of source control of heavy metals and the suitability of rubbish as turfgras... This paper, probing into heavy metal control in domestic rubbish by source screening and nutrient element analysis, revealed the feasibility of source control of heavy metals and the suitability of rubbish as turfgrass medium. Heavy metals in domestic rubbish were controlled by source screening before composting. The study consisted of a control with garden soil. The contents of main mineral elements and heavy metals in rubbish compost and control were determined by the method of ICP-AES. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in rubbish were lower than those in garden soil, and little difference occurred between rubbish and garden soil in main mineral element concentrations. Based on this, it was concluded that rubbish compost was favorable for using as turfgrass medium and heavy metal control in rubbish by source screening was effective. 展开更多
关键词 domestic rubbish compost heavy metal screening control mineral element turfgrass medium
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Peat humification-and δ^(13)C_(cellulose)-recorded warm-season moisture variations during the past 500 years in the southern Altai Mountains within northern Xinjiang of China 被引量:2
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作者 ZHANG Dong-liang YANG Yun-peng LAN Bo 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2017年第11期2200-2211,共12页
To predict future spatio-temporal patterns of climate change, we should fully understand the spatio-temporal patterns of climate change during the past millennium. But, we are not yet able to delineate the patterns be... To predict future spatio-temporal patterns of climate change, we should fully understand the spatio-temporal patterns of climate change during the past millennium. But, we are not yet able to delineate the patterns because the qualities of the retrieved proxy records and the spatial coverage of those records are not adequate. Northern Xinjiang of China is one of such areas where the records are not adequate. Here, we present a 500-yr land-surface moisture sequence from Heiyangpo Peat(48.34°N, 87.18°E, 1353 m a.s.l) in the southern Altai Mountains within northern Xinjiang. Specifically, peat carbon isotope value of cellulose(δ^(13)C_(cellulose)) was used to estimate the warm-season moisture variations and the degree of humification was used to constrain the δ^(13)C_(cellulose)-based hydrological interpretation. The climatic attributions of the interpreted hydrological variations were based on the warm-season temperature reconstructed from Belukha ice core and the warm-season precipitation inferred from the reconstructed Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillations(AMO). The results show that humification decreased and the δ^(13)C_(celluose)-suggested moisture decreased from ~1510 to ~1775 AD, implying that a constant dryingcondition may have inhibited peat decay. Our comparison with reconstructed climatic parameters suggests that the moisture-level decline was most likely resulted from a constant decline of precipitation. The results also show that humification kept a stable level and the δ^(13)C_(celluose)-suggested moisture also decreased from ~1775 to ~2013 AD, implying that peat decay in the acrotelm primarily did not depend on the water availability or an aerobic environment. Again, our comparison with reconstructed climatic parameters suggests that the land-surface moisturelevel decline was most likely resulted from a steady warming of growing-season temperature. 展开更多
关键词 PEAT Carbon isotope of cellulose HUMIFICATION warm-season moisture Southern Altai Mountains
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Explicit and Parameterized Episodes of Warm-Season Precipitation over the Continental United States 被引量:1
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作者 Mitchell W. MONCRIEFF John D. TUTTLE Richard E. CARBONE 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2006年第1期91-105,共15页
This paper describes explicit and parameterized simulations of midsummer precipitation over the continental United States for two distinct episodes: moderate large-scale forcing and weak forcing. The objective is to ... This paper describes explicit and parameterized simulations of midsummer precipitation over the continental United States for two distinct episodes: moderate large-scale forcing and weak forcing. The objective is to demonstrate the capability of explicit convection at currently affordable grid-resolution and compare it with parameterized realizations. Under moderate forcing, 3-kin grid-resolution explicit simulations represent rainfall coherence remarkably well. The observed daily convective generation near the Continental Divide and the subsequent organization and propagation are reproduced qualitatively. The propagation speed, zonal extent and duration of the rainfall streaks compare favorably with their observed counterparts, although the streak frequency is underestimated. The simulations at -10-km grid-resolution applying conventional convective parameterization schemes also replicate reasonably well the diurnal convective regeneration in moderate forcing. The performance of the 3-km grid-resolution model demonstrates the potential of -1-km-resolution explicit cloud-resolving models for the prediction of warm season precipitation for moderately forced environments. In weak forcing conditions, however, predictions of precipitation coherence and diurnal variability are much poorer. This suggests that an even finer resolution explicit model is required to adequately treat convective initiation and upscale organization typical of the warm season over the continental U.S. 展开更多
关键词 warm-season precipitation explicit simulation convective parameterization
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不同种类草坪对土壤微生物量和活性有机碳的影响
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作者 左忠会 刘宪斌 +3 位作者 刘守美 李艳香 马思媛 和银建 《安徽农学通报》 2024年第7期71-81,共11页
人工草坪具有防止水土流失、美化环境、配置景观、提供户外休闲活动场所和改善区域生态环境等多种功能。为探究不同种类草坪对土壤微生物量和活性有机碳的影响,本研究以常见的狗牙根等6种草坪草为试验材料,设置保持自然状态和人工去杂2... 人工草坪具有防止水土流失、美化环境、配置景观、提供户外休闲活动场所和改善区域生态环境等多种功能。为探究不同种类草坪对土壤微生物量和活性有机碳的影响,本研究以常见的狗牙根等6种草坪草为试验材料,设置保持自然状态和人工去杂2个试验处理,连续管理养护5年后采集0~10 cm表层土,测定其土壤全碳和全氮含量、土壤微生物碳和氮含量、土壤活性有机碳含量及其转化率6组数据。结果表明,保持自然状态试验处理中野牛草、多年生黑麦草和白花三叶草3种草坪中上述6组数据均达到最大值,均值分别为50.00 g/kg、7.00 g/kg、1.90 g/kg、0.40 g/kg、5.70 g/kg和0.65/cycle;狗牙根草坪上述6组数据均最小。说明野牛草、多年生黑麦草和白花三叶草3种草坪对土壤微生物量和活性有机碳的影响较大,匍匐翦股颖和高羊茅次之,狗牙根最小。同一种试验材料,保持自然状态试验处理的上述6组数据均明显高于人工去杂试验处理的。野牛草、多年生黑麦草和白花三叶草3种草坪对上述6组数据的影响大部分达到了统计学上的显著水平。因此,草坪建设者和管理者应根据不同种类草坪草的植物学特性,结合当地气候因子和土壤条件、草坪使用目的来选择合适的草坪草,以保证草坪质量和提高草坪使用效率的同时,促进其地下土壤生态系统的健康发展。 展开更多
关键词 草坪草 土壤全碳含量 土壤全氮含量 土壤微生物碳含量 土壤微生物氮含量 土壤活性有机碳含量 土壤活性有机碳转化率
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Seasonal Variation of Carbon and Nitrogen Emissions from Turfgrass 被引量:1
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作者 Said A. Hamido Elizabeth A. Guertal C. Wesley Wood 《American Journal of Climate Change》 2016年第4期448-463,共16页
The role of turfgrasses in C and N cycling in the southeastern U.S. has not been well documented. The objectives of this research were to determine the characterization of chemical quality, clipping decomposition rate... The role of turfgrasses in C and N cycling in the southeastern U.S. has not been well documented. The objectives of this research were to determine the characterization of chemical quality, clipping decomposition rates, and C and N release from warm- and cool-season turfgrasses. The study was conducted for 46 weeks in 2012 in Auburn, AL. Four warm season turfgrasses were used included (bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy], centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack), St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze), zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), and one cool season turfgrass (tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)). Litter was placed into nylon bags at an oven dry rate of 3.6 Mg?ha?1. Litter bags were retrieved after 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 46 weeks, and analyzed for total C and N. A double exponential decay model was used to describe mass, C, and N loss. Results indicated that tall fescue decomposition occurred rapidly compared to warm season turfgrasses. Litter mass loss measured after 46 weeks was determined to be 61.7%, 73.7%, 72.2%, 86.8%, and 45.4% in bermudagrass, centipedegrass, St. Augustinegrass, tall fescue, and zoysiagrass respectively. Zoysiagrass litter had a higher lignin concentration, while tall fescue had the lowest lignin. Over 46 weeks’ release of C was in the order: zoysiagrass > bermudagrass = centipedegrass = St. Augustinegrass > tall fescue, and release of N was in the order zoysiagrass > centipedegrass > bermudagrass = St. Augustinegrass > tall fescue. Our study concluded that, zosiagrass is a better choice for home lawns. 展开更多
关键词 Double-Exponential Decay Model turfgrassES Fiber Content
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Effects of Turfgrass Thatch on Water Infiltration, Surface Runoff, and Evaporation
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作者 Xi Liang Derong Su +1 位作者 Zhi Wang Xin Qiao 《Journal of Water Resource and Protection》 2017年第7期799-810,共12页
The development of a (layer of) thatch in turfgrass causes important changes to near-surface eco-hydrological processes. In this study, we investigated the effects of turfgrass thatch, specifically Kentucky bluegrass ... The development of a (layer of) thatch in turfgrass causes important changes to near-surface eco-hydrological processes. In this study, we investigated the effects of turfgrass thatch, specifically Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) on water infiltration, surface runoff, and soil moisture evaporation. The thatches were collected from the field for controlled experiments using packed soil columns under various rainfall conditions. Results indicated that the presence of thatch delayed the onset of infiltration compared with situations without a thatch at the soil surface. Infiltration was delayed for a longer period in thicker red fescue thatch than thinner Kentucky bluegrass thatch. The presence of a thatch reduced runoff by holding more water locally during the rainfall period and allowing a longer period of time for infiltration. Additionally, evaporative water loss was reduced with the presence of thatch than that of bare soil. Our results highlight that the presence of thatch changes the near-surface hydrological processes, which may help improve turf management practices in terms of thatch control and irrigation scheduling. 展开更多
关键词 turfgrass THATCH INFILTRATION RUNOFF EVAPORATIVE Water Loss
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Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Some Turfgrass Characteristics of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
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作者 Hakki Akdeniz Ibrahim Hosaflioglu 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B)》 2016年第4期226-237,共12页
The paper aimed to study the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the yield and some plant characteristics of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The study was conducted at Agricultural Research and Application Ce... The paper aimed to study the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the yield and some plant characteristics of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The study was conducted at Agricultural Research and Application Center of the Faculty of Agriculture in Igdir University in 2013. In the experiment, eight levels of fertilizers: 0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0 and 70.0 kg N/ha per month were applied in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) during the sixth growing season. A randomized complete block with three replications was used as the experimental design. Nitrogen application affected plant height, green grass yield, plant covering rate, canopy color and turfgrass quality values of perennial ryegrass positively. In both monthly and as the average of nitrogen application, times of application (spring, summer and fall) caused the most uniform turfgrass quality and establishment. Results indicated that although a significant impact was on the character investigated, such as the leaf length, green grass yield, plant cover ratio, canopy color and turfgrass quality, the doses of nitrogen fertilizer have created close to each other in groups. In the stand point of view of all characters, N1, N2 and N3 were located in first group, N4 and N5 in the second group, N6 and N7 in the third group, expect for control (N0). It can be concluded that 40.0-50.0 kg N/ha per month may be more suitable to be used in ryegrass production in the landscape. 展开更多
关键词 RYEGRASS LOLIUM perenne L. NITROGEN FERTILIZATION turfgrass quality
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Effect of Varying Temperature Regime on Phyllochron in Four Warm-Season Pasture Grasses
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作者 Paul W. Bartholomew 《Agricultural Sciences》 2014年第11期1000-1006,共7页
Using accumulated temperature measures to predict plant development may provide guidance on timing of management practices to minimize competition between warm and cool-season components of mixed pastures. However, te... Using accumulated temperature measures to predict plant development may provide guidance on timing of management practices to minimize competition between warm and cool-season components of mixed pastures. However, temperature and plant development relationships for warm-season pasture grasses common in the southern Great Plains of the USA have not been extensively studied. Under controlled environment conditions, base temperature (Tbase) values were determined for Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans, (L.) Nash), Little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx) Nash) and, Sideoats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx) Torr). Measures of the accumulated temperature requirement for the phyllochron (leaf appearance interval) were made under a range of temperature regimes for these same species. Mean Tbase was 8.1&degC and differences among species were not significant (P > 0.05). Within temperature regimes mainstem leaf appearance was closely and linearly related to accumulated temperature above Tbase. Increase of 7.5&degC in night temperature increased phyllochron by a mean of 43%, but similar increase in day temperature only increased phyllochron by 16%. Phyllochron increased by 6.4&degC leaf-1 for each 1&degC increase in daily mean temperature within the range of 15.0&degC to 22.5&degC. If accumulated temperature measures are to monitor reliably the development of warm-season grasses, allowance must be made for changes in phyllochron as the growing season progresses. 展开更多
关键词 PHYLLOCHRON Base TEMPERATURE warm-season GRASS
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Early Forage Biomass and Sward Structures of Native Warm-Season Grasses Established at Different Seedling Densities
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作者 Vitalis W. Temu Christos Galanopoulos +1 位作者 Maru K. Kering Laban K. Rutto 《American Journal of Plant Sciences》 2018年第4期832-844,共13页
Effects of transplanted seedling density and species on sward structure of native warm-season grass (NWSG) stands were compared in a randomized complete block design. About 6-week-old NWSG (big bluestem (BB, Andropogo... Effects of transplanted seedling density and species on sward structure of native warm-season grass (NWSG) stands were compared in a randomized complete block design. About 6-week-old NWSG (big bluestem (BB, Andropogon gerardii Vitman), eastern gamagrass (GG, Tripsacum dactyloides L.), indiangrass [IG, Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] and switchgrass (SG, Panicum virgatum) seedlings were transplanted in 45-cm wide rows on clean-tilled seedbeds. Within-row spacing was 30, 25, or, 20 cm giving 10, 12, and 15 plants m-2 as low, medium, and high seedling density, respectively. During establishment, the stands were allowed uninterrupted first year growth without fertilizers or irrigation but when necessary, tall-growing broadleaf weeds were mechanically removed. In the following spring, all dead standing biomass was mowed down to allow emerging tillers access to sunlight. During the second year after planting, early-spring basal diameters, row-length intercepted by the NWSG crowns, mid-summer sward heights, and percentage bare ground were determined. From the second June after planting, and for two consecutive years, plots were harvested twice year-1 to assess forage biomass. Data showed that, unlike species, seedling density had no effect on the assessed parameters. Cumulative forage biomass, in kg DM ha-1, was the least for GG (4901) at low and the most (18,245) for SG at high seedling density during the second year. Corresponding values for the third year were 4500 and 7799 kg DM ha-1. Basal diameters ranged from 18 cm (BB) to 24 cm (IG) while percent row intercepts were from 6 (GG) to 46 (IG) with sward heights measuring 41 cm (IG) to 54 cm (GG). In each stand, percent ground cover by the NWSGs, and at every seedling density, averaged 60.5. Transplanting at ≥10 plant m-2 resulted in harvest-ready stands by the second year of establishment. And while close spacing favored the NWSGs against weeds, data showed that an initial plant density of >10 plants m-2 may not result in increased forage production worthy the additional establishment cost. Data on response to fertility management and forage quality attributes are necessary for more reliable practical recommendations. 展开更多
关键词 FORAGE NATIVE warm-season Grass Establishment TRANSPLANT SEEDLING Density Yield Cover Habitat Quality Sward Structure
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Estimated Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) of Turfgrass at Different Management Intensities in a Golf Course in the Province of Verona
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作者 Laura Cevenini Matteo Corradini +3 位作者 Ilaria Pasini Marco Volterrani Daniele Zuffa Alberto Minelli 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)》 2016年第12期601-614,共14页
The carbon (C) sequestration potential of turfgrass systems has been investigated and demonstrated from several studies. The role of these ecosystems in continental and Mediterranean climates though, is not yet clea... The carbon (C) sequestration potential of turfgrass systems has been investigated and demonstrated from several studies. The role of these ecosystems in continental and Mediterranean climates though, is not yet clearly understood because environmental limiting factors and management intensities can strongly influence the overall C budget. The aim of the present study is to improve the understanding of the mechanisms underlying C fluxes in a turfgrass ecosystem and to assess its C sequestration potential by estimating the annual C budget. NEE (Net Ecosystem Exchange) of turfgrass was calculated in its seasonal variation over one year, and compared between areas characterized by different degrees of maintenance. The C sequestration potential of the turfgrass was investigated in a golf course near Verona (Italy), adopting a small-chamber enclosure approach. The measurements of gas exchanges between biosphere and atmosphere, permitted to estimate the NEE, as a function of different management intensities. The intensity of management seems to have influence on its C balance. This study needs further research to understand which maintenance variables are determinant on turfgrass C sequestration. 展开更多
关键词 Carbon balance carbon dioxide golf course net ecosystem exchange small chambers enclosure turfgrass
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