Effects of fulvic acid and humic acid on aluminum speciation in drinking water

This article focused on the influences of fulvic acid and humic acid on aluminum speciation in drinking water. Factors including the concentration of residual chlorine and pH value had been concerned. Aluminum species investigated in the experiments included inorganic mononuclear, organic mononuclear, mononuclear, polymer, soluble, and suspended forms. It was found that the effects of fulvic acid and humic acid on aluminum speciation depended mainly on their molecular weight. Fulvic acid with molecular weight less than 5000 Dalton had little influence on aluminum speciation; while fulvic acid with molecular weight larger than 5000 Dalton and humic acid would increase the concentration of soluble aluminum significantly even at concentration below 0.5 mg/L （calculated as TOC）. Aluminum species, in the present of fulvic acid with molecular weight larger than 5000 Dalton and humic acid, were more stable than that in the present of fluvic acid with molecular mass less than 5000 Dalton, and varied little with reaction time. Within pH range 6.5-7.5, soluble aluminum increased notably in water with organic matter. As the concentration of residual chlorine increased, the effects of fulvic acid and humic acid became weak. The reactions between humic acid, fulvic acid with large molecular weight, and aluminum were considered to be a multi-dentate coordination process. With the consideration of aluminum bioavailability, reducing the concentration of fulvic acid and humic acid and keeping the pH value among 6.5-7.5 were recommended during drinking water treatment.

Preparation and photocatalytic properties of ilmenite NiTiO_3 powders for degradation of humic acid in water

The powders of ilmenite structure NiTiO3 were prepared by a modified Pechini process using tetrabutyl titanate and nickel acetate as raw materials, and using citric acid and ethanol as a chelating agent and a solvent respectively. The powder samples were characterized by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis （TG-DTA） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The photocatalytic activity of NiTiO3 under the irradiation of ultraviolet rays （UV） light was evaluated by degrading hurnic acid （HA） in water as a probe reaction. The possible photodegra- dation mechanism was studied by the examination of active species .OH, .O2, and holes （h＋） through adding scavengers. The TG-DTA and XRD results indicated that the good crystal structure of ilmenite phase NiTiO3 could be obtained when the Ni-Ti citrate complex was cal- cined at 600℃. The photocatalytic activity experiments indicated that NiTiO3 had favourable photocatalytic activity under the irradiation of UV light, and the photocatalytic degradation rate of HA reached 95.3% after a 2.5 h reaction with the photocatalyst calcined at 600℃ and a photocatalyst dosage of 0.4 g/L. The possible photocatalytic mechanism was deduced that holes （h＋） and .OH radicals are the major reactive active species in the photocatalytic reaction, and dissolved oxygen plays a weak role in the degradation of HA.

Effect of Humic Acid, Mycorrhiza Inoculation, and Biochar on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Flax under Newly Reclaimed Sandy Soil

In order to examine the application of different soil and foliar organic fertilizers as well as biofertilizing flax under sandy soil conditions, two field experiments were carried out at the Research and Production Station of the National Research Centre (NRC), Al Nubaria district, El-Behaira Governorate, Egypt during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 winter seasons. The trials aimed to study the effect of humic acid (HA) as low cost natural fertilizer, inoculation with mycorrhiza, and biocharcoal on on yield, quality and water use efficiency of flax variety (Amon) under newly reclaimed sandy soil. The treatments consisted of HA (25 kg/feddan), inoculation with mycorrhiza (1 kg/ feddan), and biochar (4 tons/feddan) and all the combinations among the treatments. Results showed that the treatment combination of (humic acid + mycorrhiza + biochar) was significantly superior compared to all the other treatments in number of capsules/plant, biological yield/plant (g), seed yield/plant (g), seed yield (kg/feddan), straw yield (tons/feddan), oil percent (%), and oil yield (kg/feddan). However, it gave the highest fruiting zone length (cm) but not significantly different from (mycorrhiza + biochar) and (humic acid + biochar), also it gave the highest seed index (g) but not significantly different from humic acid and (humic acid + mycorrhiza). The treatment combination of (humic acid + biochar) gave the highest plant height (cm), technical stem length (cm), and number of branches/plant.

Electrokinetic chemical characteristics of humic and dannic acids effecting on the natural water and its coagulation

Taking streaming current(SC)as the electrokinetic parameter,this paper demon- strated the electrokinetic chemical characteristics of humic and dannic acids(HA and DA)in sus- pensions including turbid water,coagulated water and HA or DA contained water.Accordingly, the studies were carried out for determining the relationship between streaming current and zeta po- tential ζ(expressed by eleetrophoretie mobility EM)in above water conditions.In addition,the mechanisms of HA effecting on streaming current within or after coagulant addition and the elec- trokinetic detection principles for HA or DA were also investigated on experiments and theoretical analysis.The results indicated that the change of SC like ζ presented meaningful information con- cerning the degree for destabilization of a particulate suspension,and HA or DA in water could re- markably decrease the effect of inorganic coagulant upon streaming current,which is in accordance with their influence on coagulation.

Coal-derived humic acid for application in acid mine drainage(AMD)water treatment and electrochemical devices

In this research work,isolation of humic acid from coal of Northeastern region of India is reported.The study is also targeted for application of the coal-derived humic acid in acid mine drainage(AMD)water treatment and electrochemical devices.All the obtained results are compared with the standard humic acid and examined the formation of humic acid from the coal.The isolated coal-derived humic acid is found to be high degree of humifications and relatively stable up to about 200℃.The FTIR study indicates the formation of metal-humic acid complexes.On treatment with acidic water(AMD),the coal-derived humic acid was found to have the ability to remove toxic metal such as(in order)Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd.In addition,the preliminary electrochemical properties of the isolated humic acid are also discussed in the paper.The specific capacitance of the isolated coal-derived humic acid via cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge analysis is found to be 7 mF/g at scan rate 10 mV/s and 22 mF/g within the potential window 0.4 V,respectively.The charge-discharge cycles are stable for more than 1000 cycles within the potential window 0.4 V.This study will create a new pathway for the further research in this field.

Effects of Nano-carbon Humic Acid Water-retaining Fertilizer on Citrus Growth and the Soil Bacterial Community in Citrus Field

[Objective] In order to reveal the effects of reducing the amount of novel nano-carbon humic acid water-retaining fertilizer(CSF) on soil microbial community structure and citrus growth. [Method]In this study,conventional fertilization was as the control(KC1) in Wanzhou citrus orchard of Three Gorges Reservoir area. CSF reductions by 0%(KC2),10%(KC3),20%(KC4),30%(KC5) and 40%(KC6) were used to analyze the changes of soil bacterial community structure,citrus yield and quality. [Result]The results showed that the observed species,Shannon index,Chao1 index and PDwholetree of KC6 were higher than those of KC1,and were the same as KC2. The abundance of Xanthomonadaceae was the highest in KC5. Compared with KC1,the Xanthomonadaceae in KC3,KC4 and KC6 was significantly decreased,and the levels of Nitrosomonadaceae and Pseudomonasaceae were higher than that of KC1 after the treatment of KC6. Sphingomonas in different reduction treatments was lower than that of KC1,but Burkholderia and Pseudomonas were significantly higher than those of KC1. It was found that the similarity among treatments was small after bacterial community similarity clustering analysis,and citrus yield increased somewhat after CSF fertilization reduction.When CSF fertilization reduced by 30%,citrus yield increased by 4. 50%. When CSF fertilization reduced by 40%,citrus yield decreased by4. 14%. After CSF fertilization,citrus quality did not change significantly in CSF conventional fertilization and reduction of 10% and 40%,while significantly decreased in 20% and 30% of fertilization reduction. [Conclusion] CSF fertilization reduction changed the diversity of soil bacterial community structure and the yield and quality of citrus.

Adsorptive removal of tetracycline from water using Fe(Ⅲ)-functionalized carbonized humic acid

Humic acid(HA)was carbonized at 300,400 and 500℃ and then functionalized with 1 wt%–12 wt%Fe(Ⅲ)respectively[CHA300/400/500-Fe(Ⅲ)].Adsorption of such Fe(III)-functionalized carbonized HA as adsorbents to aqueous tetracycline(TC:25 mg·L^-1)was studied.The adsorption equilibrium time for CHA400-Fe(Ⅲ)to TC was 6 h faster and the adsorption removal efficiency(Re)was two times higher than that of HA/CHA.The adsorption Reof CHA400-Fe(Ⅲ)loaded 10%iron[CHA400-(10%)Fe(Ⅲ)]to TC could reach 99.8%at 8 h and still kept80.6%after 8 cycles.The adsorption kinetics were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order equation and the adsorption isotherms could be well delineated via Langmuir equations(R^2N 0.99),indicating that the homogeneous chemical adsorption of TC occurred on the adsorbents.The main adsorption mechanisms of TC were complexation Fe(III)and hydrophobic distribution.Electropositive and electronegative repulsion between TC and CHA400-(10%)Fe(Ⅲ)at lowly p H(2)and highly p H(8–10)respectively,leaded to the relatively low adsorption capacity and more notable influence of ion concentration.When the p H was between 4 and 8,TC mainly existed in neutral molecules(TCH2),so the influence of ion concentration was not obvious.The dynamic adsorption results showed that the CHA400-(10%)Fe(Ⅲ)could continuously treat about 2.4 L TC(27 mg·L^-1)wastewater with the effluent concentration as low as 0.068 mg·L^-1.Our study suggested a broad application prospect of a new,effective,lowcost and environment-friendly adsorbent CHA400-(10%)Fe(Ⅲ)for treatment of low-concentration TC polluted wastewater.

Experiment of Water Soluble Fertilizers Containing Humic Acid in Tomato Planting

As a natural macromolecular organic compound,humic acid can promote plant growth.Water soluble humic acid fertilizers refer to liquid or solid water soluble fertilizers made by adding appropriate amounts of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium macroelements or zinc,boron,iron,molybdenum,manganese,copper and other trace elements or organic matter,based on humic acid in the required proportions for plant growth.In order to verify the application effect of humic acid containing water soluble fertilizer produced by Tai’an Gold Land Chemical Co.,Ltd.,in tomato production in Daiyue District,Tai’an City,a fertilizer effect application experiment of humic acid containing water soluble fertilizer on tomato planting was specially carried out.The results showed that the water soluble fertilizer containing humic acid could obviously improve the agronomic characters of tomato;the yield was significantly increased;the effect of increasing the income of tomato growers was obvious.

Effects of Water Regime and Reaction of Soil on Properties of Newly-Formed Humic Substances

The effects of soil water regime and soil reaction on nitrogen distribution and fractional composition of newly-formed humus (decayed products) and the structural characteristics of the newly-formed humic acids (HAs) were studied in an incubation experiment, with the following results obtained:1. The humus newly formed under submerged conditions was higher in the relative content of α-amino acid-N and the humic acid/ fulvic acid (HA/ FA) ratio than that under upland conditions. The HAs extracted from the former were also higher in C / O ratio, aromaticity and the contents of methoxyl groups and lignin-like components, but lower in the content of carboxyl groups than the HAs from the latter.2. Under upland conditions, the C / organic N ratio and the relative content of mobile HA of newly-formed humus were lower, but the HA / FA ratio was higher in the CaCO3-amended treatment than in non-amended treatment. The presence of CaCO3 also resulted in a decrease of C / N ratio of HA and a slight increase of its carboxyl group content. On the other hand, there was no significant change in the composition and properties of the newly-formed humus with the addition of CaCO3 under submerged conditions.3. Compared with soil HAs, the newly-formed HAs contained more carbohydrates, polypeptides and lignin-like components, and were in lower degrees of oxidation and humification.

Reactions Between Humic Acid Solutions and Excessive ClO_2 or Cl_2

Reactions between humic acid solutions and excessive ClO2 or Cl2 have been investigated. Under various experimental conditions, the removal efficiency of TOC, UV254and A410 from humic acid solutions were examined. The relationship between the removal efficiency and the consumption of ClO2 or Cl2 was discussed. The results showed that the maximum demand of ClO2 was 2.19 mg/mg TOC for the humic acid solution under the experimental conditions, and that of ClO2 was 1.88 mg/mg TOC. The variation tendency of ClO2 consumption was similar to that of Cl2. TOC of humic acid solutions decreased 15.2% and 15.6% after the reaction with ClO2 or Cl2 respectively. Under the experimental conditions, 21.4% of unsaturated bonds and 52.8% of humic acid color were removed by ClO2 in 168 h. As for Cl2, removal efficiency of unsaturated bonds and humic acid color were 16.8% and 41.7% respectively. Larger molecules from humic acid were oxidized to smaller molecules by ClO2 and Cl2. Higher oxidation potential of ClO2 than that of Cl2 was also indicated by variation of UV254/A410 ratios. The similar tendency, that exhibited faster variation in the initial 24 h, existed for all the research factors.

微咸水-腐植酸肥耦合滴灌条件下钙镁离子质量浓度对灌水器堵塞的影响

【目的】探明腐植酸肥施用条件下不同钙镁离子质量浓度对灌水器堵塞物质形成的影响效应与作用机制。【方法】以微咸水中钙镁离子耦合腐植酸肥滴灌为研究对象,选取4种不同额定流量(1.6、1.1、1.4、1.75 L/h)的非压力补偿内镶贴片式灌水器(FE1—FE4),其中设置3组钙离子质量浓度微咸水处理,离子质量浓度分别为100、150、200 mg/L(G1、G2、G3),3组镁离子质量浓度微咸水处理,离子质量浓度分别为100、150、200 mg/L(M1、M2、M3),以地下微咸水灌溉为对照(CK),研究不同离子质量浓度的灌水器平均流量(Dra)、滴灌系统灌水器的堵塞率分布、灌水器堵塞物质干质量(DW)动态变化规律,并分析了灌水器内部堵塞物质矿物组分。【结果】与CK相比,G1、G2、G3、M1、M2、M3处理的Dra分别降低了21.58%~29.68%、35.02%~39.71%、45.62%~55.68%、14.25%~20.41%、24.89%~45.69%、35.22%~56.75%,堵塞物质干质量分别增加了124.62%~178.49%、174.23%~230.33%、235.59%~270.09%、67.14%~120.28%、136.96%~191.18%、203.54%~213.35%。与G1、G2、G3处理相比,质量浓度相同镁离子处理M1、M2、M3处理的堵塞物质干质量分别降低了16.41%~27.26%、4.77%~13.60%、6.82%~15.34%。【结论】钙镁离子质量浓度的增加均显著加剧了灌水器的堵塞;在相同离子质量浓度条件下,镁离子处理显著减少了灌水器内堵塞物质的总量,因此镁离子在一定程度上能够降低灌水器堵塞风险。

腐殖酸水溶肥料对毛豆生长的影响

毛豆,又称菜用大豆(Glycine max L.),其味道鲜香营养价值高,是一种重要的豆科蔬菜。在减施化肥条件下,腐殖酸作为替代化肥的有机肥料的最佳选择之一。本试验探讨腐殖酸水溶肥对毛豆生长的影响,用早熟毛豆品种沪宁95-1毛豆作为试验材料,设置3次重复,分析0 g/L(T0),1 g/L(T1),2 g/L(T2)腐殖酸水溶肥浓度下对毛豆的发芽率、株高、叶绿素等含量的影响。结果表明,T1处理的发芽率比对照增加了15.0%,T1和T2处理的株高分别比对照增加了12.8%和6.8%,其中,T1处理有显著性促进效果;T1处理单株荚数、单株荚重和百粒重均显著高于对照,分别比对照增加42.3%、48.6%和20.7%。叶绿素含量和对照相比分别增加了12.7%和6.7%;T1和T2处理均显著性地促进了可溶性糖含量,分别增加了35.3%和63.5%。结果显示,施加1 g/L浓度的腐殖酸水溶肥可以提高毛豆的发芽率、株高、叶绿素含量和可溶性糖含量。

含腐植酸水溶肥对空心菜生长及土壤养分性状的影响

为研究不同含腐植酸水溶肥施用量及施肥方式对空心菜品质、土壤含碳量、养分含量、土壤酶活性的影响,设置8个处理,分别为空白(CK)、常规化肥(CF)、根施腐植酸水溶肥全量替代(RT_(1))、根施腐植酸水溶肥50%替代(RT_(0.5))、根施腐植酸水溶肥25%替代(RT_(0.25))、叶施腐植酸水溶肥全量替代(LT_(1))、叶施腐植酸水溶肥50%替代(LT_(0.5))、叶施腐植酸水溶肥25%替代(LT_(0.25)),测定收获后土壤理化性质以及空心菜产量品质指标,采用主成分分析法对施肥效果进行综合评价。结果表明,RT_(1)较CF产量、土壤有机碳(SOC)含量和可溶性固形物含量分别提升了11.5%、8.7%和8.8%;LT_(1)较CF可溶性固形物、粗蛋白和维生素C含量分别提升了17.6%、15.5%和11.0%,但产量和土壤SOC含量分别下降了2.9%和11.3%。空心菜产量与土壤速效氮和SOC含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与pH和速效钾、速效磷含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),表明速效氮养分和有机质的添加对于促进空心菜的生长和增加产量起重要作用。根据主成分分析结果,施加含腐植酸水溶肥有利于高品质蔬菜生产及提高土壤质量,根部施用全量含腐植酸水溶肥替代化肥(RT_(1))效果最佳。研究结果可为提高作物产量品质和土壤质量,实现化肥减施并增加土壤固碳能力提供参考。

不同条件下腐殖酸三维荧光特征及水质指标影响研究

为了研究环境因素对腐殖酸三维荧光特征的影响以及荧光参数与水质指标间的关系,配制了不同浓度和pH值的腐殖酸溶液,分析腐殖酸溶液的三维荧光光谱特征,结合多元线性回归模型分析荧光光谱参数与水质指标COD、CODMn、DOC间关系。结果表明,腐殖酸浓度升高时,荧光峰发生红移现象,荧光强度随浓度增大而先上升后下降。pH值增大时,出现新的荧光峰,当腐殖酸浓度较低时,荧光强度与pH值呈线性关系,腐殖酸浓度较高时,荧光强度随pH值增大而先上升后下降。此外,多元线性回归模型分析表明,腐殖酸溶液pH和浓度较高时,会降低线性回归模型对水质指标的预测效果,当以荧光组分为自变量进行线性回归模型分析时,模型的拟合优度将得到显著提高。

HA@Fe_(3)O_(4)修饰阳极增强微生物燃料电池降解类固醇雌激素

利用腐植酸(HA)与具有较强电容性的纳米Fe_(3)O_(4)颗粒形成的金属化合物(HA@Fe_(3)O_(4))修饰微生物燃料电池(MFC)阳极,探究含有以17α-乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)为代表性类固醇雌激素(SEs)的模拟废水在MFC阳极的降解特性,并对EE2降解过程中MFC的产电特性进行了表征。电化学交流阻抗测试结果表明,与不存在HA@Fe_(3)O_(4)的MFC相比,存在HA@Fe_(3)O_(4)的MFC的欧姆阻抗降低了79.58%,电荷转移阻抗降低了89.60%。循环伏安扫描结果显示,HA@Fe_(3)O_(4)的存在显著增加了阳极板的电容。HA@Fe_(3)O_(4)修饰阳极后MFC最大功率密度可达537.37 mW/m~2。HA@Fe_(3)O_(4)修饰的阳极可显著提高MFC对EE2的去除率,EE2在低浓度下(≤5.0μmol/L)可以介导电子转移,提高MFC的产电性能,进而提高MFC去除EE2的能力,但高浓度(5.0~10.0μmol/L)时会抑制微生物的活性并降低MFC产电效率。

改性方法对玉米秸秆纤维素-腐植酸基吸水树脂性能的影响

分别采用等离子体和紫外固化法对玉米秸秆纤维素-腐植酸基吸水树脂(CS-HA-PAA)进行改性,通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和扫描电子显微镜对改性吸水树脂的结构和形貌进行表征,考察了改性吸水树脂的耐盐性、耐酸碱性、保水性、反复吸液性等性能。结果表明:改性后CS-HA-PAA亲水基团增多,表面粗糙且产生孔洞结构,有利于提高吸水性能;采用最佳工艺条件制备的等离子体改性CS-HA-PAA和紫外固化改性CS-HA-PAA的吸水率分别可达1053.2g/g、869.44g/g,NaCl质量浓度为9g/L时最高吸盐水率分别为181.03g/g、151.49g/g,等离子体改性CS-HA-PAA的吸水、耐盐性能优于紫外固化法改性CS-HA-PAA。

XDLVO理论分析矿井水中PES超滤膜的耦合污染

膜污染是限制膜技术应用的主要瓶颈之一.为了阐明矿井水脱盐过程中有机物对膜系统的污染机制,采用XDLVO(Extended-Derjaguin-Landau-Verway-Overbeek)理论,评价膜与矿井水污染物之间的界面作用能,解析矿井水中污染物(腐殖酸-无机盐)对膜的耦合污染行为.研究发现,膜的抗污染性能取决于其表面极性作用力,证明了膜表面的抗污染性能取决于其亲水性能;与此同时,污染溶液中的无机盐离子可以加剧腐殖酸溶液与膜之间的污染行为,随着离子浓度的增加,污染物之间范德华力提供的吸引力逐渐上升,极性作用力和双电层作用力提供的排斥力逐渐降低,加剧了膜污染;其中,钙离子(Ca^(2+))的影响作用最大,镁离子(Mg^(2+))次之,钠离子(Na^(+))的影响作用最小.

腐植酸水溶肥在小麦田上的应用效果研究

[目的]通过田间小区试验,研究叶面喷施腐植酸水溶肥对冬小麦生长、产量构成因素及经济效益的影响。[方法]以徐麦35为材料,采用叶面喷施水溶肥的方式,在小麦返青期、拔节期和孕穗期各喷施1次腐植酸类叶面肥,得出施用效果。[结果]腐植酸水溶肥能增加小麦的穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,增产率达10.58%,增产效果显著,产投比为5.76∶1,经济效益明显。[结论]安徽华润公司生产的含腐植酸叶面肥可以在凤阳县大面积推广应用。

腐植酸水溶肥对枇杷幼苗生长的影响

为研究叶面喷施腐植酸水溶肥对枇杷[Eriobotrya japonica(Thunb.)Lindl.]幼苗生长的影响,以大五星枇杷幼苗为材料,叶面喷施不同稀释浓度(700、1 000、1 300、1 600倍)的腐植酸水溶肥,以喷施等量清水为对照(CK),测定腐植酸水溶肥对枇杷幼苗生物量、光合色素含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,叶面喷施不同浓度的腐植酸水溶肥提高了枇杷幼苗茎杆和叶片生物量、光合色素含量,且均以稀释1 000倍效果最好。稀释1 000、1 300倍腐植酸水溶肥处理提高了枇杷幼苗过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。枇杷幼苗茎杆、叶片生物量与叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量、CAT活性、POD活性和SOD活性呈正相关。因此,叶面喷施腐植酸水溶肥能够促进枇杷幼苗生长,且以稀释1 000倍最佳。

阳光玫瑰葡萄病毒病解决方案研究

针对阳光玫瑰葡萄病毒病常发对树体和造成果实危害严重的问题,在葡萄展叶期进行根部追肥、根部追肥+叶面喷肥处理,探究不同追肥处理及处理组合对改善病毒病病症和提升葡萄产量和品质的效果。结果表明,每666.7 m~2根部追施高氮水溶肥10 kg+腐殖酸有机水溶肥5 kg+叶喷5%氨基寡糖素水剂500倍+0.01%28高芸苔素内酯1 500倍+海藻有机水溶叶面肥1 000倍液,共3次,间隔7 d 1次的方案对新叶病毒病的控制效果最佳。与对照根施常规有机水溶肥每666.7 m~2 5 kg+平衡型水溶肥5 kg相比,新生叶片发育一直处较低水平,新生叶面积增长速度处于较高水平,显著提升葡萄的品质和产量。