Study on corrosion behavior of heat exchanger in water source heat pump

Water source heat pump is a new kind of energy saving process.One of the most common problems for water source heat pump system is the corrosion of the copper in heat exchanger.The quality of water is the key factor.The river water collected in six different places of the Yangtze River and Jialing River in Chongqing were analyzed.Various parameters(pH,coexisted ions,and hardness value)were investigated.It showed that the Yangtze River and Jialing River water was suitable for developing water source heat pump technology.Further more,aimed at the temperature and pH of the raw water's variation range in a year,the corrosion behavior of copper material was studied by controlling the water environmental condition.Corrosion rate of copper is accelerated at high temperature and lower pH value.

Performance and Optimization of Air Source Heat Pump Water Heater with Cyclic Heating

A new type of microchannel condenser applied in the air source heat pump water heater(ASHPWH)with cyclic heating was proposed in this study.The operating performance of the ASHPWH was frst tested.Then,the structure of the microchannel condenser was optimized with the implement of vortex generators.Finally,a numerical model of the ASHPWH was established and the optimized microchannel condenser was studied.The experimental results showed that the average coefficient of performance(COP)of the 1HP(735 W)ASHPWH reached 3.48.In addition,the optimized microchannel condenser could be matched with a 3 HP(2430W)ASHPWH with an average heating capacity of 10.30 kW,and achieving an average COP of 4.24,14.6%higher than the limit value in the national standard.

光伏光热联合双源热泵系统运行模式研究(1):最佳切换模式验证

讨论了光伏光热联合双源热泵系统制热运行的最佳切换模式。利用TRNSYS软件建立了仿真模型,对双源(水源、空气源)热泵系统性能系数(COP_(s))进行了计算,提出以某时刻空气源热泵模式或水源热泵模式运行COP_(s)较大者优先运行作为COP_(s)切换模式。通过前期实验结果验证了模拟结果的正确性,并与常规的集热水箱温度切换模式进行了对比实验,验证了COP_(s)切换模式的有效性。结果表明,该实验系统以COP_(s)最佳切换模式运行时发电量和发电效率较集热水箱温度切换模式分别提高了5.35%和1.73%,耗电量降低了17.03%,COP_(s)提高了4.91%。

地下水源热泵回灌中大肠杆菌阻塞试验研究

以地下水源热泵回灌过程中大肠杆菌堵塞作为研究对象,通过自主研发的砂层颗粒迁移-沉积试验系统观察大肠杆菌在多孔介质孔隙孔道内的运移、沉积。分别以石英石、玻璃珠作为多孔介质做对比性试验,通过试验得出:石英石颗粒不均匀,级配不良,颗粒间的咬合力为大肠杆菌的沉积提供了“温床”,进而孔隙水压力呈现先增大后减小再稳定的状态;但玻璃珠颗粒粒径均匀,同时颗粒之间光滑,咬合力小,不利于大肠杆菌的沉积,孔隙水压力呈现陡减的现象。建立大肠杆菌渗透率衰减数学模型,将理论值和室内试验值进行数据拟合,从验证的结果看,所提渗透率衰减模型对预见微生物的迁移和沉积所引起的孔隙率减小是有效的。

水源热泵回灌中大肠杆菌阻塞迁移沉积特性参数试验研究

以地下水源热泵回灌过程中大肠杆菌堵塞作为研究对象,通过自主研发的砂层颗粒迁移-沉积试验系统观察大肠杆菌在多孔介质孔隙孔道内的运移、沉积。以3种不同长度的试验箱体开展大肠杆菌在多孔介质里的运移沉积规律,通过试验得出:1)石英石颗粒内部的内摩擦力有利于大肠杆菌的沉积,流动速度对大肠杆菌引起的微生物堵塞起到关键作用:2)3种(60、80、100 cm)不同长度的试验箱体在流速作用下以100和80 cm为对象,其沉积率提高了57.1%;以80和60 cm为对比对象,其沉积率提高了27.3%;3)大肠杆菌的恢复率与流体速度也成正相关作用,其堵塞原理类似沉积率特性。

某大科学装置项目工艺冷却水系统设计

介绍了某在建大科学装置项目的工艺冷却水系统设计,包括服务对象、系统形式、系统组成、水温控制策略、流量控制策略等方面的内容。简述了热回收型水源热泵在工艺冷却水系统中的应用方案,并对工艺冷却水系统设计后续可开展的工作和研究提出了3个方向。

中深层地埋管热泵供热系统运行特性实测研究

通过大量工程实测研究,总结了中深层地埋管热泵供热技术的运行特性。中深层地埋管具有出水温度高、取热功率大、长期运行稳定的特点,为热泵系统提供了高品位的低温热源,以提升其运行性能;同时中深层地埋管自身存在间歇蓄热特性,能很好地满足建筑供热需求变化与柔性用能;无级变频热泵机组更适合与中深层地埋管匹配运行,节能减排效果显著;热源侧水系统具有小流量、大扬程,且阻力随着流量变化而大幅度变化的特性。研究结果可为提升该技术的供热性能提供关键指导。

水-冰相变凝固换热与热泵耦合供热系统实验研究

针对河北山区农村水源不足、地源钻井成本高、太阳能不稳定、造价高、没有合适的热泵低温热源等问题,研发了水-冰相变换热器;利用水的相变潜热作为热泵的低温热源,设计了水-冰相变凝固换热与热泵耦合供热系统,搭建了实验平台,经测试平台运行稳定可靠。通过对实验数据进行分析计算,得到系统性能系数在2.87~3.42之间。研究结果可为解决河北山区农村供暖问题提供参考。

“两抽两灌”水源热泵系统应用效果分析及优化布置

为探究丹东市某工程地下水源热泵系统的实际应用效果及布井方式的合理性,采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件,建立三维水热耦合数值模型,对“两抽两灌”水源热泵系统进行为时一年的运行水温监测,并对实际应用中抽灌井的布置方式以及抽灌井间距是否存在含水层“热贯通”问题进行分析,将存在的问题与工程场地条件相结合。结果表明,采用“抽灌井平行布置”时,且抽灌井间距离为55 m时,发生“热贯通”的程度最轻,为丹东市水源热泵规划提供科学设计方法及参考依据。

Performance analysis of air-water dual source heat pump water heater with heat recovery

A new air-water dual source heat pump water heater with heat recovery is proposed.The heat pump system can heat water by using a single air source,a single water source,or air-water dual sources.The water is first pre-heated by waste hot water,then heated by the heat pump.Waste heat is recovered by first preheating the cold water and as water source of the heat pump.According to the correlated formulas of the coefficient of performance of air-source heat pump and water-source heat pump,and the gain coefficient of heat recovery-preheater,the formulas for the coefficient of performance of heat pump in six operating modes are obtained by using the dimensionless correspondence analysis method.The system characteristics of heat absorption and release associated with the heat recovery-preheater are analyzed at different working conditions.The developed approaches can provide reference for the optimization of the operating modes and parameters.The results of analysis and experiments show that the coefficient of performance of the device can reach 4-5.5 in winter,twice as much as air source heat pump water heater.The utilization of waste heat in the proposed system is higher than that in the system which only uses waste water to preheating or as heat source.Thus,the effect of energy saving of the new system is obvious.On the other hand,the dimensionless correspondence analysis method is introduced to performance analysis of the heat pump,which also has theoretical significance and practical value.

Data-driven sensitivity analysis and electricity consumption prediction for water source heat pump system using limited information

The studies on predicting the energy consumption of air conditioning systems are meaningful to building energy conservation and management. Generally, the more comprehensive the building information is, the easier the prediction model can be developed. However, it is very difficult to get detailed information about existing/old buildings (information-poor buildings), it is a big challenge to predict the energy consumption accurately by limited information. This study aims to predict the electricity consumption of the water source heat pump system of an office building based on meteorological data. The key variables are selected by error analysis and sensitivity analysis, and the effects of each variable on the models’ prediction performance can be obtained. Besides, the prediction models are established by support vector regression algorithm and trained by the local meteorological data. The results show that the positive and negative variables can be identified, and these positive variables are responsible for more than 70% of the total importance. Moreover, the root mean square error falls to 4.6044 from 7.8227 and the relative square error falls to 0.1494 from 0.4313 when the negative inputs are removed. And the errors reduce further to 4.1160 and 0.1194 by parameter optimization.

水环热泵系统辅助热源容量设计与调控策略

提出采用工况分析法设计水环热泵系统辅助热源容量,利用循环水能量变化量逆推建立辅助热源容量模型,并以天津地区某办公建筑群为实例,设计3种辅助热源容量方案,采用负荷与水温2种热量调控方案分析辅助热源对系统运行的影响,并采用负荷能耗分析法分析控制方案。测试结果表明:3种辅助热源容量方案均能够保证系统正常运行,按55%负荷率选取设计容量时,系统能效最高;优化中低负荷的供热量、实现机组与辅助热源能量平衡是提升系统能效的关键技术;相比负荷控制,水温调节更适宜水环热泵系统。

Water pumping analysis and experimental validation of beach well infiltration intake system in a seawater source heat pump system

Based on energy conservation equation and Darcy＇s law, a model of beach well infiltration intake system applied in a seawater source heat pump system was established. The model consists of the seawater seepage and the heat transfer process. A porous medium model in a software named FLUENT was applied to simulate the seepage and the heat transfer process. This model was also validated by field experiment conducted on the seashore in Tianjin, China. The maximum relative error between simulation results and experimental results was 2.1% （less than 5%）, which was acceptable in engineering applica- tion. The porosity and coefficient of thermal conductivity of the aquifer soil were determined to be 0.49 W/（m. K） and 1.46W/（m.K）, respectively in the simulation. In addition, the influencing factors of pumping water of beach well were also analyzed. The pumping water was found to increase when the distance between the beach well and the impervious boundary becomes longer, when the distance between the beach well and the supplying water source shortens, when the diameter of the beach well enlarges, and the drawdown enlarges.

土壤源热泵地埋管侧水系统优化运行研究

本文基于江苏无锡某典型厂房土壤源热泵空调项目的实测数据,以地源侧系统总能耗最低为目标,构建设备模型对地源水泵运行工况进行优化,并与两种传统控制策略的运行效果进行对比,据此提出进一步的优化建议。结果表明:基于负荷的优化控制策略,其节能效果要明显优于定频控制策略,冬夏季典型测试日平均节能率分别为28.33%和13.27%,相比于5℃温差变频策略节能了3.61%和2.21%。适当增大地埋管的埋管深度或管径,可以进一步提升该优化控制策略的节能效果。传统的定温差控制策略在负荷率大于60%时,可在5℃基础上将温差增加1~5℃以提升节能效果。

高校宿舍太阳能-空气源热泵复合热水系统设计与应用探讨

在当前积极倡导节能减排的政策要求下,可再生能源利用逐渐普及。以西安建筑科技大学学生宿舍太阳能-空气源热泵复合热水系统为例,阐述了复合热水系统的构成、工作原理,对太阳能集热系统、空气源热泵换热系统、热水供水系统等进行了设计计算,给出了集热器、热泵机组、集热水箱、供热水箱等主要设备的选型结果,提出了系统运行控制方案,并结合实际运行工况下的热性能数据,计算得到系统在不同季节的太阳能保证率、热泵能效比COP值,表明系统具有极大的节能性。

新世纪跨季节显热储热项目发展现状与分析

发展跨季节储热技术对实现我国供热领域的绿色低碳转型具有重要意义。本文从跨季节储热项目角度出发,分别对跨季节储热的原理及分类、国内外发展现状、项目统计与参数分析等方面进行了综述。重点对所统计的44个国内外跨季节显热储热项目进行了典型技术经济参数分析、热源分析与材料分析。最后指出国内外跨季节储热项目数量增多、储热规模持续扩大,发展大容量跨季节水体储热、实现跨季节储热热源多能互补、规模化应用热泵、进一步开发适用于跨季节储热系统的新型材料可能是未来跨季节储热发展的重要方向。

变流量水源热泵系统频率与阀开度联合调控策略

为提高变流量水源热泵系统在实际应用过程中的运行性能,分别进行恒定压缩机频率变膨胀阀开度和恒定阀开度变频率实验,提出一种频率-阀开度联合调控的策略并进行协同控制实验,研究该策略对于水源热泵系统性能的影响,并与仅使用电子膨胀阀或压缩机频率调控进行对比。结果显示:较低频率下电子膨胀阀的调节区间减小,适当增加冷冻水温度可以扩大其调控范围,最高制热量和最优性能系数C_(OP)对应的阀开度相同;频率为45—55 Hz时,调控区间较小,改变冷冻水进水温度对频率的调节特性影响不大,制热量随着频率的升高而升高,C_(OP)随着频率的升高而降低,可根据用户的不同需求选择较优的频率值;频率-阀开度的联合调控策略使系统在2个工况下的最高C_(OP)比仅使用阀开度调节提高了10%和9.9%,比使用频率调节提高了6.5%和7.6%。

采用电子膨胀阀和毛细管的空气源热泵热水器性能对比实验研究

为研究不同节流方式对空气源热泵热水器性能的影响,分别以毛细管(CAP)和电子膨胀阀(EEV)作为节流元件研制了样机,通过实验对比研究其运行特征。结果表明:CAP系统的吸气过热度能稳定在1℃左右;CAP系统的排气温度相对更低,约比EEV系统低15℃;加热同样一箱水,CAP系统的制热速度更快;EEV系统的COP和全年性能系数(APF)均高于CAP系统,但在名义工况下CAP系统具有与EEV系统相当的制热COP。综合考虑制热性能及初投资等因素,可根据需要优先采用毛细管作为节流装置。

24h全日集中空气源热泵热水系统贮热水箱容积的分析探讨

在空气源热泵热水系统设计中,贮热水箱容积的计算至关重要。介绍并分析了现行标准规程贮热水箱容积的计算公式,指出了公式运用时可能存在的问题。针对空气源热泵定时运行、24 h全日集中热水供应系统,根据热泵运行时间与用水高峰持续时段的覆盖关系,分情况分析并推导了贮热水箱容积的计算公式。在设计取值范围内,对上述推导公式计算的贮热水箱容积进行了分析。提出了贮热水箱容积在方案阶段的估算建议值。