Analysis of influence of the power plant ash storage yard on groundwater environment

The fluoride contained in the filter liquor produced by fly ash in the thermal power plant which takes the coal as fuel can lead to groundwater pollution. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the migration characteristics of the pollutants in groundwater, in order to control and prevent the groundwater fluoride pollution. By adopting the numerical modeling method, this paper takes the ash-storage yard of Shahe Power Plant in Xingtai City as an example, to study the characteristics of fluoride migration in phreatic water, and establish a two-dimensional groundwater flow and water quality model on the basis of the hydrogeological condition analysis in this study area. Meanwhile, based on the Vmodflow software, the migration regulation of the fluoride in groundwater has been simulated. Because the phreatic aquifer of this area belonging to the Shahe alluvial-diluvial sediments and with a coarse lithology as well as high permeability, the migration and diffusion ability of the fluoride in this area is relatively strong. It turns out that the longest migration distance in 5 years is 892 m and that within 8 years is 1 515 m.

Influence of Fly Ash and Silica Fume on Water-resistant Property of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement

By incorporation of fly ash or silica fume into magnesium oxychloride （MOC） cement, a high water resistance material can be formed for successful industrial applications. The influences of fly ash and silica fume on water-resistant property were investigated by SEM and EDS. It is found that the incorporation of fly ash or silica fume can improve the water-resistance of the MOC. The improvement of the water resistance of the MOC incorporated with fly ash or silica fume may be attributed to the alumino-silicate 5·1·8 gel or silicate 5·1·8 gel.

Application of polymeric flocculant for enhancing settling of the pond ash particles and water drainage from hydraulically stowed pond ash

Delayed settling of the ash particles and poor drainage of water from the pond ash are the major problems faced during the hydraulic stowing of pond ash. In this study the effect of polymeric flocculant on settling of the ash particles and drainage of water during pond ash stowing are investigated. In addition, the parameters, viz. drainage and absorption of water during pond ash stowing are quantified by stowing a mine goaf model with pond ash slurries of five different concentrations added with and without flocculant. The study revealed that addition of only 5 10 6 of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Na-CMC) flocculant with the pond ash slurries during stowing offers best result in terms of quicker settling of the ash particles and enhanced water drainage from the hydraulically stowed pond ash. Besides, it resulted in drainage of more than 85% of the total water used in the initial 45 min of stowing. The improvement in drainage is caused due to coagulation and flocculation of the pond ash particles because of charge neutralization and particle-particle bridging. This study may provide a basis for estimating the drainage and absorption of water during the real pond ash stowing operation in underground mines.

Tests on Alkali-Activated Slag Foamed Concrete with Various Water-Binder Ratios and Substitution Levels of Fly Ash

To provide basic data for the reasonable mixing design of the alkali-activated (AA) foamed concrete as a thermal insulation material for a floor heating system, 9 concrete mixes with a targeted dry density less than 400 kg/m3 were tested. Ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) as a source material was activated by the following two types of alkali activators: 10% Ca(OH)2 and 4% Mg(NO3)2, and 2.5% Ca(OH)2 and 6.5% Na2SiO3. The main test parameters were water-to-binder (W/B) ratio and the substitution level (RFA) of fly ash (FA) for GGBS. Test results revealed that the dry density of AA GGBS foamed concrete was independent of the W/B ratio an RFA, whereas the compressive strength increased with the decrease in W/B ratio and with the increase in RFA up to 15%, beyond which it decreased. With the increase in the W/B ratio, the amount of macro capillaries and artificial air pores increased, which resulted in the decrease of compressive strength. The magnitude of the environmental loads of the AA GGBS foamed concrete is independent of the W/B ratio and RFA. The largest reduction percentage was found in the photochemical oxidation potential, being more than 99%. The reduction percentage was 87% - 93% for the global warming potential, 81% - 84% for abiotic depletion, 79% - 84% for acidification potential, 77% - 85% for eutrophication potential, and 73% - 83% for human toxicity potential. Ultimately, this study proved that the developed AA GGBS foamed concrete has a considerable promise as a sustainable construction material for nonstructural element.

Effect of Water Washing Pre-treatment on the Properties of Glass-ceramics from Incinerator Fly Ash Using Electronic Arc Furnace

Production of glass-ceramics by sintering the molten slag obtained from electric arc furnace treatment of fly ash was investigated. The effect of washing pretreatment prior to melting the fly ash on the microstructure and properties of the glass-ceramics was examined. The results show that washing pretreatment of fly ash can decrease alkali metal chloride and increase network former in fly ash, which results in the increase of peak crystallization temperature of parent glass and strengthening of properties of bending strength and chemical stability of the glass-ceramics. The optimal heat treatment temperature for parent glass of washed fly ash is 1 173 K, at which the crystalline phase of glass-ceramics is composed of gelignite （Ca2A12SiO7） and akermanite （Ca2MgSi207）. Glass-ceramics produced at optimal heat treatment temperature are excellent in term of the physical and chemical properties and leaching characteristics, indicating attractive potential as substitute of nature materials.

Quality Evaluation of Yi Medicine "Qibujing" Based on Determination of Water Content and Ash Content

[Objectives]To determine the water content,total ash content and acid-insoluble ash content of Yi medicinal material"Qibujing",so as to provide experimental basis for establishing the Quality Standard(Draft)of Yi Medicinal Material"Qibujing"in Sichuan Province.[Methods]According to the second method(drying method)in 0832 water content determination method and 2301 ash content determination method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 Edition),it was determined,respectively,and the data were processed by IBM SPSS Statistics 26 and DPS 7.05 data processing system.[Results]All the 14 batches of sample met the stipulation that the water content should not exceed 12.0%,the total ash content should not exceed 8.0%,and the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 1.5%under"Guan Zhong-(Qibujing)"in the 2005 edition of Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine Standard.There was a negative correlation between water content,acid-insoluble ash content and altitude,and a positive correlation between total ash content and altitude.[Conclusions]It is suggested that Quality Standard(Draft)of Yi Medicinal Material"Qibujing"in Sichuan Province stipulate that the water content should not exceed 12.0%,the total ash content should not exceed 8.0%,and the acid-insoluble ash content should not exceed 1.5%.

Experimental Study on Fly Ash for Conditioning of Specific Resistance of Sludge Water

Discharge of sludge from water works into waters will result in the increased deterioration of water environment. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted on the addition of conditioning agent to improve sludge dewatering performance. The result shows that coagulation is inadaptable to the treatment of sludge from water works and use of powdered coal ash from power plant as conditioning agent can greatly reduce the specific resistance of sludge and the dewatering performance can be improved. The optimal dosage of fine powdered coal is 20g/100mL and coarse powdered coal is 30g/100mL. Powdered coal is mixed with sludge to form filter cake, which is blended with coal in certain proportion to make into fuel. So that incineration of sludge from water works can be realized.

Assessment of Curing Efficiency and Effect of Moist Curing on Performance of Fly Ash Concrete

This study was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of compressive strength,water permeability and electrical resistance of near-surface layer concrete with different fly ash contents to curing conditions.It is shown that the sensitivity to curing condition and fly ash content descends in the following order：difference between internal and surface resistivity （ρ） at 28 days,water permeability and compressive strength;both of longer duration of moist curing and use of fly ash in concrete enhanced the water penetration resistance.It is indicated that the resistivity difference ρ at 28 days can reflect accurately the curing history of fly ash concrete regardless of mix proportions;and use of fly ash in concrete requires longer moist curing duration.

Effect of Synthetic Hormone Substitutes on Rooting of Vine Cuttings in Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.)

The use of yam vine cuttings as propagules with appropriate synthetic rooting hormones such as IBA (Indole-Butyric Acid) and NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) has previously been reported as successful but expensive. To source for cheaper alternatives, this study compared the effect of some natural and synthetic hormones on rooting of vine cuttings in two varieties of Dioscorea alata. Vine cuttings from three months old water yam varieties were treated separately with 1%, 3% and 5% concentrations of each of the following: neem leaf ash, coconut water, 2,4-D and IBA with water as control. Treated cuttings were planted in triplicates in polythene bags using the completely randomised design and watered once in two days for 49 days. Data collected on rooting percentage, number of roots per plant, mean root length, number and length of new vines were subjected to analysis of variance tests and the means separated using least significant difference tests. A 100% rooting was observed in vines treated with 1% or 3% coconut water and neem ash. These vines also generated significantly greater number of new vines (P < 0.05) compared to those from synthetic hormones. Vines treated with 5% neem produced the highest number of roots (145.33 ± 9.21;P < 0.001) while those treated with 3% neem produced the longest roots (45.3 ± 9.23 cm) followed by those treated with 3% coconut water (24.3 ± 3.48). The study reveals that neem leaf ash and coconut water are better root promoting agents for water yam vines than 2,4-D and IBA and could be tested further for use as natural hormonal substitutes to the synthetic hormones.

Cellular lightweight concrete containing high-calcium fly ash and natural zeolite

Cellular lightweight concrete （CLC） with the controlled density of approximately 800 kg/m3 was made from a preformed foam, Type-I Portland cement （OPC）, fly ash （FA）, or natural zeolite （NZ）, and its compressive strength, setting time, water absorption, and microstructure of were tested. High-calcium FA and NZ with the median particle sizes of 14.52 and 7.72 μm, respectively, were used to partially replace OPC at 0, 10wt%, 20wt%, and 30wt% of the binder （OPC and pozzolan admixture）. A water-to-binder mass ratio （W/B） of 0.5 was used for all mixes. The testing results indicated that CLC containing 10wt% NZ had the highest compressive strength. The replacement of OPC with NZ decreased the total porosity and air void size but increased the capillary porosity of the CLC. The incorporation of a suitable amount of NZ decreased the setting time, total porosity, and pore size of the paste compared with the findings with the same amount of FA. The total porosity and cumulative pore volume decreased, whereas the gel and capillary pores increased as a result of adding both pozzolans at all replacement levels. The water absorption increased as the capillary porosity increased; this effect depended on the volume of air entrained and the type or amount of pozzolan.

Porous Structure of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash in Initial Stage of Landfill

For quantitative estimation of the intra-layer porous structure in the initial stage of landfill formation with municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash, the water absorption of individual MSWI bottom ash particles was measured under still-water, degassed, and agitated conditions. The ratio of the water absorption rate found for the still-water procedure to the effective absorption capacity which was the one under degassing was 35.2%. In the water flow experiment of a column filled with MSWI bottom ash, the true density of the bottom ash was higher after water flow than before, which indicated that dissolution of the soluble components of the bottom ash particle surfaces resulted in a loss of apparent particle volume that more than offset the accompanying weight loss. The volume-based water absorption rate found for the bottom ash particles following 50 mL/h water flow through the column, as a ratio to the effective absorption capacity was about 51.8% of the effective absorption capacity. In a landfill layer comprised of MSWI bottom ash, it was suggested that some regions of the ash particle interiors underwent almost no contact with water.

Fly Ash for Removal of Contaminates from Coal Mine Drainage

In this study, fly ash obtained from a coal burning power plant was used to remove iron from coal mine drainage as well as raising the pH to acceptable limits for natural water using column chromatography. The results of this study indicate that fly ash has the ability to completely remove iron and reduce acidity of coal mine water drainage. This approach can be extended to include other contaminants such as magnesium.

粉煤灰基地聚合物的制备及其性能研究

以低钙粉煤灰为硅铝原料制备了地聚合物胶凝材料,研究了激发剂种类和掺量对地聚合物抗压强度的影响,以及产物对Cr^(3+)和Pb^(2+)固化效果。结果表明:当水玻璃掺量为15%,脱硫石膏掺量为7%时,所制得地聚合物抗压强度最高,3 d、 7 d、28 d龄期抗压强度分别为19.8 MPa、32.5 MPa和53.5 MPa;地聚合物对重金属离子Cr^(3+)和Pb^(2+)的固化效果均较好,其在去离子水和硫酸硝酸混合酸液中的浸出量均远低于国标限值。

垃圾焚烧飞灰水洗脱氯及重金属Zn的浸出特性研究

以生活垃圾焚烧飞灰为原材料,通过单因素实验和响应面优化实验研究了飞灰脱氯的最佳水洗条件以及飞灰中Zn的最佳浸出条件。结果表明,在最佳水洗条件(水洗温度35℃、水洗时间10 min、水洗液固比10 mL/g)下,飞灰氯离子洗脱率为73.4%,二次水洗后,氯离子洗脱率可达96.8%。酸浸实验中,不同种类酸对飞灰中Zn的浸出效果为盐酸>硝酸>单宁酸(TA)>二乙烯三胺五乙酸(DTPA)>乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)。采用响应面优化法确定飞灰中Zn的最佳盐酸浸出条件为:浸出液固比10 mL/g,盐酸摩尔浓度2.0 mol/L,浸出时间8 h,此时Zn浸出率可达到70.48%。

Research on Preparation and Influencing Fctors of High Calcium High Sulfate Ash to Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

In this paper, a high calcium high sulfate ash as the main material, adding fly ash, lime, cement, gypsum and some modifiers to prepare autoclaved aerated concrete. The products complies with the technical requirements of GB/T11968-2006. This paper also studies the influence of the physical methods and water ratio on autoclaved aerated concrete by high calcium high sulfate ash aerated concrete. The best ratio of water and Grinding time were found in practice study.

粉煤灰制备高分子絮凝剂研究进展

总结了粉煤灰在酸碱体系中主要元素溶出行为。粉煤灰在酸性体系中主要浸出铝铁元素且铁元素浸出率远高于铝元素;在碱性体系中主要溶出硅铝元素且硅元素溶出率远高于铝元素。硅铝以非晶相状态存在,单独酸浸、碱溶对硅铝提取率较低,采用高温助熔结合酸浸、碱溶工艺可使硅铝断键提高元素提取率。对粉煤灰合成絮凝剂的种类进行归纳,根据粉煤灰制备絮凝剂的化学组分将其分为无机高分子絮凝剂和无机-有机杂化高分子絮凝剂,其中无机高分子絮凝剂按其阴离子系列所含酸根的数量和种类,分为一元酸、二元酸及多元酸系列,阴离子酸根以硅酸根、硫酸根、氯离子及磷酸根为主。对粉煤灰合成絮凝剂的发展及亟待解决的问题进行展望。

基于正交试验的外加剂对混凝土力学性能的试验研究

为了探究复掺外加剂对混凝土的韧性和抗裂性能的影响规律,以期解决工程防护和加固过程中的混凝土开裂、剥落等工程实际问题,通过正交试验研究了速凝剂、早强剂、膨胀剂和粉煤灰对混凝土的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度的影响规律。试验结果表明:速凝剂能显著改善混凝土的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度;复合早强剂能有效提高混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度;粉煤灰和膨胀剂对混凝土28d抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度没有显著影响。通过方差分析和数据拟合,可得早强剂和速凝剂的建议掺量分别为4%和1.5%,膨胀剂的最优掺量为3%,粉煤灰的最优掺量为25%。

Assessment of the Radiological Impact on the Environment near a Storage Site of Coal Ashes in a Thermal Power Plant

The radiological impact of coal ashes, with enhanced natural radioactivity in the storage site, is due to the presence of naturally occurring radionuclides. Some of these radionuclides have a radioactive period of several million years and will, therefore, have time to migrate to the soil, atmospheric air, surface water, and groundwater. This impact depends mainly on the activity of these coal ashes, the duration of exposure to such waste, transfers to the air, and the leaching phenomenon by rainwater. In this study, and so as to assess the radiological impact of coal ashes of the storage site of the JLEC-Morocco thermal power plant on environment, some analyses are performed by alpha dosimetry and a digital dosimeter on samples of coal ashes, soil, atmospheric air, surface water and groundwater belonging to a perimeter of 10 km around that site. The obtained results show that, within the studied area, the radiological impact on the soil of the coal ashes of the storage site is insignificant even though the concentrations of radon in the near vicinity (1 to 2 km) are moderately important, and remain below 200 Bq/m3. In the atmospheric air, this impact remains medium for the neighborhoods of the storage site (2 to 3 km) with radon activities superior to 10 Bq/m3. These results also show that there may be a water contamination of wells located at the storage site without any transfer of radioactivity into the groundwater of the area studied where the concentrations of radon are less than 11.1 Bq/l.

木薯块根灰分和水分近红外光谱预测模型的构建与优化

为快速检测木薯的灰分和水分含量,以同地块同一时期木薯种质资源为材料进行建模,采用GB 5009.3-2016和GB/T5009.4-2016法对木薯灰分和水分含量进行测定,同时使用近红外光谱分析仪对137份样品进行光谱采集,利用TQ Analyst 9.0分析软件,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)构建木薯灰分和水分近红外定标模型。实验结果显示,木薯灰分、水分模型相关系数(R)分别为0.94、0.93,校正均方根误差(RMSEC)分别为0.22、0.48,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.21、1.46,交叉验证均方差(RMSECV)分别为0.40、1.54;选用未参与建模的20份木薯种质资源对该模型进行外部验证,预测值与真实值进行差异性分析(P>0.05),P值分别为0.464、0.459说明差异无显著性,表明该模型可适用于木薯灰分和水分检测。

纳米SiO_(2)改性粉煤灰混凝土力学性能及吸水特性研究

为了探索粉煤灰混凝土的高性能,开展了纳米SiO_(2)改性粉煤灰混凝土的力学和吸水试验,研究了粉煤灰取代率和纳米SiO_(2)掺量对混凝土力学性能(抗压强度、劈拉强度、动弹性模量)和吸水特性的影响。结果表明:粉煤灰混凝土的力学性能指标均随纳米SiO_(2)掺量的增加先增大后减小;当纳米SiO_(2)掺量从0%增加至2%时,粉煤灰混凝土28 d抗压强度、劈拉强度和动弹性模量分别提高了12.90%、7.53%和5.85%,可见纳米SiO_(2)对抗压强度影响更显著;当粉煤灰取代率从10%增加至30%时,混凝土28 d抗压强度、劈拉强度和动弹性模量分别降低了7.24%、2.61%和9.87%,可见粉煤灰对动弹性模量影响更显著;随纳米SiO_(2)掺量增加,粉煤灰混凝土的毛细吸水系数呈现出先下降后上升的趋势;随粉煤灰取代率增加,混凝土毛细吸水系数增大,且纳米SiO_(2)对混凝土毛细吸水系数影响也越显著;粉煤灰取代率和纳米SiO_(2)掺量对混凝土力学性能与毛细吸水系数之间的相关性无显著影响,混凝土抗压强度、劈拉强度以及动弹性模量与毛细吸水系数均呈现负相关性,其中抗压强度与毛细吸水系数相关性最好。