Eutrophication is the term used to describe the presence of natural and artificial nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen in aquatic ecosystems.The water quality in various bodies of water such as ponds,lakes,rivers,e...Eutrophication is the term used to describe the presence of natural and artificial nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen in aquatic ecosystems.The water quality in various bodies of water such as ponds,lakes,rivers,etc.is deteriorating as a result of an abundance of plant nutrients in these water sources.Over-enrichment of aquatic ecosystems with nutrients is a major hazard to the well-being of aquatic ecosystems worldwide.In addition,the circulations have lowered the requirements for home and agricultural consumption of water.The main origins of these plant nutrients within aquatic ecosystems stem from the discharges of industries engaged in activities like livestock farming,agriculture,fertilizer production,manufacturing of textiles,and clothing production.Therefore,a variety of methods and approaches have already been developed as safety measures to avoid the negative consequences of water tainted with those undesired minerals.Eutrophication presents many obstacles,but with the right public awareness campaign and global scientific efforts,its negative impacts may be lessened.This research seeks to pinpoint the primary origins of plant nutrients within the aquatic ecosystem and explore potential triggers for eutrophication.Additionally,it proposes innovative regulatory methods and offers suggestions for sustainable wastewater management practices.展开更多
The small and scattered enterprise pattern in the county economy has formed numerous sporadic pollution sources, hindering the centralized treatment of the water environment, increasing the cost and difficulty of trea...The small and scattered enterprise pattern in the county economy has formed numerous sporadic pollution sources, hindering the centralized treatment of the water environment, increasing the cost and difficulty of treatment. How enterprises can make reasonable decisions on their water environment behavior based on the external environment and their own factors is of great significance for scientifically and effectively designing water environment regulation mechanisms. Based on optimal control theory, this study investigates the design of contractual mechanisms for water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises. The enterprise is regarded as an independent economic entity that can adopt optimal control strategies to maximize its own interests. Based on the participation of multiple subjects including the government, enterprises, and the public, an optimal control strategy model for enterprises under contractual water environmental regulation is constructed using optimal control theory, and a method for calculating the amount of unit pollutant penalties is derived. The water pollutant treatment cost data of a paper company is selected to conduct empirical numerical analysis on the model. The results show that the increase in the probability of government regulation and public participation, as well as the decrease in local government protection for enterprises, can achieve the same regulatory effect while reducing the number of administrative penalties per unit. Finally, the implementation process of contractual water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises is designed.展开更多
In recent years, the beer industry is a biological food industry that consumes a lot of water, and it has developed rapidly in China. The sewage discharged from the mass production of beer poses a huge threat to the e...In recent years, the beer industry is a biological food industry that consumes a lot of water, and it has developed rapidly in China. The sewage discharged from the mass production of beer poses a huge threat to the environment. In order to evaluate and better solve the possible environmental impacts of beer treatment engineering projects, a brewery project in Foshan City is taken as an example to investigate the water pollution generation links of the engineering process including surface water and groundwater. According to the relevant technical methods and standards, water pollution factors are screened, and concentration and discharge are monitored. Through comprehensive analysis, predictive evaluation is obtained. It is confirmed that the project meets the requirements of national laws and regulations and environmental protection standards.展开更多
Xiaoqing River is one of the key rivers in the Yellow River Basin, and its management satisfaction is the content that the government should consider when formulating policies. This paper concentrates on residents’ s...Xiaoqing River is one of the key rivers in the Yellow River Basin, and its management satisfaction is the content that the government should consider when formulating policies. This paper concentrates on residents’ satisfaction of water environment management in Jinan section of Xiaoqing River, using questionnaires to find out the problems and effects of Xiaoqing River management. Based on the correlation analysis of the questionnaire data, the results show that five factors including the impact of water pollution, understanding of Xiaoqing River governance, willingness to participate in Xiaoqing River governance, policy publicity, and government regulation have a positive impact on the satisfaction of Xiaoqing River water environment governance. Finally, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to increase residents’ satisfaction from five aspects, such as increasing publicity efforts, paying attention to the cultivation of public participation consciousness, etc.展开更多
In the present research, effect of silica fume as an additive and oil polluted sands as aggregates on compressive strength of concrete were investigated experimentally. The amount ofoil in the designed mixtures was as...In the present research, effect of silica fume as an additive and oil polluted sands as aggregates on compressive strength of concrete were investigated experimentally. The amount ofoil in the designed mixtures was assumed to be constant and equal to 2% of the sand weight. Silica fume accounting for 10%, 15% and 20% of the weight is added to the designed mixture. After preparation and curing, concrete specimens were placed into the three different conditions: fresh, brackish and saltwater environments (submerged in fresh water, alternation of exposed in air & submerged in sea water and submerged in sea water). The result of compressive strength tests shows that the compressive strength of the specimens consisting of silica fume increases significantly in comparison with the control specimens in all three environments. The compressive strength of the concrete with 15% silica fume content was about 30% to 50% higher than that of control specimens in all tested environments under the condition of using polluted aggregates in the designed mixture.展开更多
To study the current status and causes of the microplastic pollution in surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,this paper compared the average microplastic abundance in sediments and surface water of the Qinghai-T...To study the current status and causes of the microplastic pollution in surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,this paper compared the average microplastic abundance in sediments and surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the results are as follows.First,the average microplastic abundance in surface water of the independent rivers and the whole area is 247−2686 items/m^(3) and 856 items/m^(3),respectively.The average microplastic abundance in sediments of independent rivers or lakes and the whole area is 0−933 items/m^(2) and 362 items/m^(2),respectively.Meanwhile,the degree of microplastic pollution in river sediments is higher than that in lake sediments,and the rivers suffering from microplastic pollution mainly include the Brahmaputra River,Tongtian River,and Nujiang River.Second,compared with the microplastic pollution in other areas of the world,the levelof microplastic pollution in the lakes and rivers of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is not lower than that of well-developed areas with more intensive human activities.Finally,this study suggests that relevant government departments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen waste management strategies while developing tourism and that much attention should be paid to the impacts of microplastics in the water environment.展开更多
The aim of this study is to evaluate the hydrogeochemical characteristics and water environmental quality of shallow groundwater in the Suxian mining area of Huaibei coalfield,China.The natural formation process of sh...The aim of this study is to evaluate the hydrogeochemical characteristics and water environmental quality of shallow groundwater in the Suxian mining area of Huaibei coalfield,China.The natural formation process of shallow groundwater in Suxian is explored using Piper trilinear charts and Gibbs diagrams,and by examining the ratios between the major ions.United States Salinity Laboratory(USSL)charts,Wilcox diagrams,and the water quality index(WQI)are further employed to quantify the differences in water quality.The results reveal that the main hydrochemical facies of groundwater are HC03-Ca,and that silicate dissolution is the main factor controlling the ion content in shallow groundwater.The USSL charts and Wilcox diagrams show that most of the water samples would be acceptable for use in irrigation systems.The WQI results for each water sample are compared and analyzed,and the quality of groundwater samples around collapse ponds is found to be relatively poor.展开更多
The objective of this study is to define agricultural water resources security and its connotation and extension. The definitions of water security, water resources security, and water environment security were summar...The objective of this study is to define agricultural water resources security and its connotation and extension. The definitions of water security, water resources security, and water environment security were summarized, and their relationship was differentiated and analyzed. Based on these, the elements of the conception of agricultural water resources security were hashed and the conception was defined. Agricultural water resources security is the provision of water resource that ensures protection of agriculture against threat, hazards, destruction, and loss. Moreover, the connotation and extension of agricultural water resources security were ascertained. In detail, the connotation of the definition has natural attributes, socioeconomic attributes, and cultural attributes. The extensions of agricultural water resources security include both broad and narrow ones, as well as, food security, agroenvironmental security, agroeconomic security, rural society security, etc. The definition will serve as the frame of reference for developing the researches, limiting the frame of the theory, and founding a appraising system for agricultural water resources security.展开更多
Public participation is an important part of watershed water environment management. Via public participation, it could enhance public environmental awareness, mobilize multiple forces to reconcile the conflicts among...Public participation is an important part of watershed water environment management. Via public participation, it could enhance public environmental awareness, mobilize multiple forces to reconcile the conflicts among multiple interest groups, supervise corporate environmental be-havior, and overcome the shortcomings of government unilateral decision-making. In this paper, the status quo of public participating in water envi-ronment control is summarized, and the existing problems of public participating in water environment control are analyzed. From the aspects of per-fecting legal system, perfecting water environment information disclosure system, expanding information communication channels, correctly guiding the development of environmental social organization, playing the supervision role of the people's congress and political consultative committee, and enriching the forms of publicity and education, the countermeasures and suggestions of public participating in water environment control are proposed, to perfect public participation mechanism, and scientifically and orderly impel comprehensive treatment of water environment.展开更多
Agricultural non-point source pollution has become the main part of water pollution prevention and control in China. This paper made a brief introduction to the causes and hazards of agricultural non-point source poll...Agricultural non-point source pollution has become the main part of water pollution prevention and control in China. This paper made a brief introduction to the causes and hazards of agricultural non-point source pollution and the current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control in China. In view of the serious agricultural non-point source pollution in water environment of Guangxi and the difference in quality of drinking water between urban and rural areas,it came up with recommendations for strengthening agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control from scientific distribution,linked operation and maintenance,popular science education,and legal system construction,to guarantee safe and healthy drinking water in rural areas.展开更多
Grey system analysis method was used to study the correlation between water pollution in D Lake area and death rate of malignancy with death rate of malignancy as effect sequence and a variety of water pollution index...Grey system analysis method was used to study the correlation between water pollution in D Lake area and death rate of malignancy with death rate of malignancy as effect sequence and a variety of water pollution index as factor sequence. On the basis of grey correlation analysis, grey system predication model was established for death rate of malignancy in population in D Lake area including GM (1, N) model for death rate of malignancy [ MR (t+1) =(9.9987E 1+5.0001E 2 +10.8994E 3+1.1114E 4+165.1029) ·e -0.0070t -9.9987E 1-5.0001E 2-10.8994E 3-1.1114E 4 ] and GM (1, 1) model for related factors [ E 1(t+1) =52.1214-46.9468e -0.0058t , E 2(t+1) =4.6114-4.5664e 0.0015t, E 3(t+1) =1.1389-1.1212e 0.0065t , E 4(t+1) = 554.5867-549.8006e 0.0016t ], and the trend of death rate of malignancy from 2000 to 2010 was predicted.展开更多
The water sector needs to address viral-related public health issues,because water is a virus carrier,which not only spreads viruses(e.g.,via drinking water),but also provides information about the circu-lation of vir...The water sector needs to address viral-related public health issues,because water is a virus carrier,which not only spreads viruses(e.g.,via drinking water),but also provides information about the circu-lation of viruses in the community(e.g.,via sewage).It has been widely reported that waterborne viral pathogens are abundant,diverse,complex,and threatening the public health in both developed and developing countries.Meanwhile,there is great potential for viral monitoring that can indicate biosafety,treatment performance and community health.New developments in technology have been rising to meet the emerging challenges over the past decades.Under the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the world’s attention is directed to the urgent need to tackle the most challenging public health issues related to waterborne viruses.Based on critical analysis of the water viral knowledge progresses and gaps,this article offers a roadmap for managing COVID-19 and other viruses in the water environments for ensur-ing public health.展开更多
This study investigated water samples collected from the surface water and groundwater in Wuhan City,Hubei Province,China in different stages of the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019(hereinafter referred to as ...This study investigated water samples collected from the surface water and groundwater in Wuhan City,Hubei Province,China in different stages of the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019(hereinafter referred to as COVID-19)in the city,aiming to determine the distribution characteristics of antiviral drugs in the city’s waters.The results are as follows.The main hydrochemical type of surface water and groundwater in Wuhan was Ca-HCO3.The major chemical components in the groundwater had higher concentrations and spatial variability than those in the surface water.Two antiviral drugs and two glucocorticoids were detected in the surface water,groundwater,and sewage during the COVID-19 outbreak.Among them,chloroquine phosphate and cortisone had higher detection rates of 32.26%and 25.80%,respectively in all samples.The concentrations of residual drugs in East Lake were higher than those in other waters.The main drug detected in the waters in the later stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan was chloroquine phosphate,whose detection rates in the surface water and the groundwater were 53.85%and 28.57%,respectively.Moreover,the detection rate and concentration of chloroquine phosphate were higher in East Lake than in Huangjia Lake.The groundwater containing chloroquine phosphate was mainly distributed along the river areas where the groundwater was highly vulnerable.The residual drugs in the surface water and the groundwater had lower concentrations in the late stage of the COVID-19 outbreak than in the middle of the outbreak,and they have not yet caused any negative impacts on the ecological environment.展开更多
Through high-resolution research of sedimental chronology and the sediment environmental indexes, such as graininess, minerals, magnetic parameters, pigment content, organic carbon and chronology in Ds-co...Through high-resolution research of sedimental chronology and the sediment environmental indexes, such as graininess, minerals, magnetic parameters, pigment content, organic carbon and chronology in Ds-core and Ws-core in Nansihu Lake, the authors analyze the formation cause of the Nansihu Lake and its water environmental changes. Historical documents are also analyzed here in order to reach the conclusion. Researches indicate that the Nansihu Lake came into being about 2500 aBP and its evolution succession can be divided into four stages. In this evolution process, several scattered lakes merge into one large lake in the east of China. This process is distinctively affected by the overflow of the Yellow River, the excavation of the Grand Canal and other human activities.展开更多
Water environment is a part of ecological environment, and conservation of water environment has always been a focus of public attention in China, but water environment management in the vast countryside has been stuc...Water environment is a part of ecological environment, and conservation of water environment has always been a focus of public attention in China, but water environment management in the vast countryside has been stuck in bottleneck. Based on the fi eld investigation in Xianxia Town, Yudu County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, this paper explored the current situation of local water environment and the management diffi culties, then introduced the holistic view to integrate the linkage of government, market and society, proposed the universality of the individual case, and the new attempt centering on urban-rural integrated water environment management system with public participation mechanism, management subjects' benefit balance and coordination system, marketing operation mechanism and economic incentive mechanism as the extension.展开更多
[Objectives]To make safety evaluation of water environment carrying capacity of five cities in Ningxia based on ecological footprint of water resources.[Methods]With the help of the grey relational model,15 indicators...[Objectives]To make safety evaluation of water environment carrying capacity of five cities in Ningxia based on ecological footprint of water resources.[Methods]With the help of the grey relational model,15 indicators were selected from the natural,economic,and social aspects,and the most influential factors in the three fields were selected.Based on the concept of ecological priority,the water resources carrying capacity of the five cities in Ningxia from 2010 to 2019 was calculated with the help of the water resources ecological footprint model.Then,the indicators of the water resources ecological footprint model were coupled with the existing indicators to establish a comprehensive evaluation indicator system.Finally,the changes of the water environment carrying capacity of the five cities in Ningxia were analyzed with the help of the principal component analysis(PCA).[Results]The ecological pressure of water resources and the ecological deficit of water resources in the five cities were relatively large.Specifically,Yinchuan City had the most obvious deficit of water resources but good carrying capacity;Zhongwei City had a large ecological deficit of water resources,poor carrying capacity,and the largest ecological pressure index of water resources;Guyuan City had low water resources ecological deficit,water resources ecological carrying capacity and water resources ecological pressure index.[Conclusions]Through the analysis of the coupling indicator system,it can be seen that the water environment carrying capacity of the five cities is in an upward trend,indicating that the water environment in each region tends to become better.展开更多
A Bayesian source tracking approach is developed to track a moving acoustic source in an uncertain ocean environment. This approach treats the environmental parameters (e.g., water depth, sediment and bottom paramet...A Bayesian source tracking approach is developed to track a moving acoustic source in an uncertain ocean environment. This approach treats the environmental parameters (e.g., water depth, sediment and bottom parameters) at the source location and the source parameters (e.g., source depth, range and speed) as unknown random variables that evolve as the source moves. To track a target with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), acoustic signals from a series of observations are treated in a simultaneous inversion. This allows real-time updating of the environment and accurate tracking of the moving source. The noise signals radiated from a surface ship target are processed and analyzed. It is found that the Bayesian source tracking method could enhance the localization accuracy in an uncertain water environment and low SNR.展开更多
The acicular ferrite in austempered ductile iron (ADI) matrix around graphite wascorroded preferentially in wet condition, promoting crack origination and propagationand resulting in the disappearance of ADI fatigue l...The acicular ferrite in austempered ductile iron (ADI) matrix around graphite wascorroded preferentially in wet condition, promoting crack origination and propagationand resulting in the disappearance of ADI fatigue limit. ADI fatigue strength wasgradually reduced with increasing the time of test and was reduced by 50% in wetcondition at 10~7 cycles compared with the fatigue limit in dry condition. The fatiguestrength variation of ferritic ductile iron in wet condition was similar to that of ADI.The ferritic ductile iron, however, has better corrosion resistance so that the fatiguestrength was lowered only by 10% in wet condition at 10~7 cycles compared with thefatigue limit in dry condition. On the other hand, the fatigue limits of ADI and ferriticductile iron were dropped by 32% and 25% in tap water dipping 480h/dry conditionrespectively compared with those in dry condition. The reduction of fatigue limit wasattributed to corrosion pits formation correlated with stress concentration, resultingin origination and propagation of fatigue crack.展开更多
文摘Eutrophication is the term used to describe the presence of natural and artificial nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen in aquatic ecosystems.The water quality in various bodies of water such as ponds,lakes,rivers,etc.is deteriorating as a result of an abundance of plant nutrients in these water sources.Over-enrichment of aquatic ecosystems with nutrients is a major hazard to the well-being of aquatic ecosystems worldwide.In addition,the circulations have lowered the requirements for home and agricultural consumption of water.The main origins of these plant nutrients within aquatic ecosystems stem from the discharges of industries engaged in activities like livestock farming,agriculture,fertilizer production,manufacturing of textiles,and clothing production.Therefore,a variety of methods and approaches have already been developed as safety measures to avoid the negative consequences of water tainted with those undesired minerals.Eutrophication presents many obstacles,but with the right public awareness campaign and global scientific efforts,its negative impacts may be lessened.This research seeks to pinpoint the primary origins of plant nutrients within the aquatic ecosystem and explore potential triggers for eutrophication.Additionally,it proposes innovative regulatory methods and offers suggestions for sustainable wastewater management practices.
文摘The small and scattered enterprise pattern in the county economy has formed numerous sporadic pollution sources, hindering the centralized treatment of the water environment, increasing the cost and difficulty of treatment. How enterprises can make reasonable decisions on their water environment behavior based on the external environment and their own factors is of great significance for scientifically and effectively designing water environment regulation mechanisms. Based on optimal control theory, this study investigates the design of contractual mechanisms for water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises. The enterprise is regarded as an independent economic entity that can adopt optimal control strategies to maximize its own interests. Based on the participation of multiple subjects including the government, enterprises, and the public, an optimal control strategy model for enterprises under contractual water environmental regulation is constructed using optimal control theory, and a method for calculating the amount of unit pollutant penalties is derived. The water pollutant treatment cost data of a paper company is selected to conduct empirical numerical analysis on the model. The results show that the increase in the probability of government regulation and public participation, as well as the decrease in local government protection for enterprises, can achieve the same regulatory effect while reducing the number of administrative penalties per unit. Finally, the implementation process of contractual water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises is designed.
基金Supported by Key Fields of Universities in Guangdong Province (Science and Technology Service for Rural Revitalization)(2021ZDZX4023)2021 Undergraduate Teaching Quality and Teaching Construction Project of Guangdong Province (Guangdong Education Gao Han [2021] 29)+1 种基金Zhaoqing University Quality Engineering and Teaching Reform Project (zlgc 201931)Zhaoqing University Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program in 2022 (X 202210580130)。
文摘In recent years, the beer industry is a biological food industry that consumes a lot of water, and it has developed rapidly in China. The sewage discharged from the mass production of beer poses a huge threat to the environment. In order to evaluate and better solve the possible environmental impacts of beer treatment engineering projects, a brewery project in Foshan City is taken as an example to investigate the water pollution generation links of the engineering process including surface water and groundwater. According to the relevant technical methods and standards, water pollution factors are screened, and concentration and discharge are monitored. Through comprehensive analysis, predictive evaluation is obtained. It is confirmed that the project meets the requirements of national laws and regulations and environmental protection standards.
文摘Xiaoqing River is one of the key rivers in the Yellow River Basin, and its management satisfaction is the content that the government should consider when formulating policies. This paper concentrates on residents’ satisfaction of water environment management in Jinan section of Xiaoqing River, using questionnaires to find out the problems and effects of Xiaoqing River management. Based on the correlation analysis of the questionnaire data, the results show that five factors including the impact of water pollution, understanding of Xiaoqing River governance, willingness to participate in Xiaoqing River governance, policy publicity, and government regulation have a positive impact on the satisfaction of Xiaoqing River water environment governance. Finally, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to increase residents’ satisfaction from five aspects, such as increasing publicity efforts, paying attention to the cultivation of public participation consciousness, etc.
基金the support of the Chabahar Maritime University for supporting this program and usage concrete laboratory of Civil Engineering Department
文摘In the present research, effect of silica fume as an additive and oil polluted sands as aggregates on compressive strength of concrete were investigated experimentally. The amount ofoil in the designed mixtures was assumed to be constant and equal to 2% of the sand weight. Silica fume accounting for 10%, 15% and 20% of the weight is added to the designed mixture. After preparation and curing, concrete specimens were placed into the three different conditions: fresh, brackish and saltwater environments (submerged in fresh water, alternation of exposed in air & submerged in sea water and submerged in sea water). The result of compressive strength tests shows that the compressive strength of the specimens consisting of silica fume increases significantly in comparison with the control specimens in all three environments. The compressive strength of the concrete with 15% silica fume content was about 30% to 50% higher than that of control specimens in all tested environments under the condition of using polluted aggregates in the designed mixture.
基金funded by the survey projects initiated by the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China(DD20189220,1212010741003,1212011220224,and 121201011000150022)the Public Welfare Scientific Research Project launched by the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China(201111020)+3 种基金the project of 2015 Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province(2015JM4129)the project of 2016 Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(open fund310829161128)the project of 2021 Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(open fund).
文摘To study the current status and causes of the microplastic pollution in surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,this paper compared the average microplastic abundance in sediments and surface water of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the results are as follows.First,the average microplastic abundance in surface water of the independent rivers and the whole area is 247−2686 items/m^(3) and 856 items/m^(3),respectively.The average microplastic abundance in sediments of independent rivers or lakes and the whole area is 0−933 items/m^(2) and 362 items/m^(2),respectively.Meanwhile,the degree of microplastic pollution in river sediments is higher than that in lake sediments,and the rivers suffering from microplastic pollution mainly include the Brahmaputra River,Tongtian River,and Nujiang River.Second,compared with the microplastic pollution in other areas of the world,the levelof microplastic pollution in the lakes and rivers of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is not lower than that of well-developed areas with more intensive human activities.Finally,this study suggests that relevant government departments of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen waste management strategies while developing tourism and that much attention should be paid to the impacts of microplastics in the water environment.
基金the Postgraduate Innovation Fund project of Anhui University of Science and Technology(2019CX2006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41773100)+1 种基金a Research Project of Huaibei Mining Group Co.(2020)a Research Project of Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group Co.,Ltd.(2020).
文摘The aim of this study is to evaluate the hydrogeochemical characteristics and water environmental quality of shallow groundwater in the Suxian mining area of Huaibei coalfield,China.The natural formation process of shallow groundwater in Suxian is explored using Piper trilinear charts and Gibbs diagrams,and by examining the ratios between the major ions.United States Salinity Laboratory(USSL)charts,Wilcox diagrams,and the water quality index(WQI)are further employed to quantify the differences in water quality.The results reveal that the main hydrochemical facies of groundwater are HC03-Ca,and that silicate dissolution is the main factor controlling the ion content in shallow groundwater.The USSL charts and Wilcox diagrams show that most of the water samples would be acceptable for use in irrigation systems.The WQI results for each water sample are compared and analyzed,and the quality of groundwater samples around collapse ponds is found to be relatively poor.
文摘The objective of this study is to define agricultural water resources security and its connotation and extension. The definitions of water security, water resources security, and water environment security were summarized, and their relationship was differentiated and analyzed. Based on these, the elements of the conception of agricultural water resources security were hashed and the conception was defined. Agricultural water resources security is the provision of water resource that ensures protection of agriculture against threat, hazards, destruction, and loss. Moreover, the connotation and extension of agricultural water resources security were ascertained. In detail, the connotation of the definition has natural attributes, socioeconomic attributes, and cultural attributes. The extensions of agricultural water resources security include both broad and narrow ones, as well as, food security, agroenvironmental security, agroeconomic security, rural society security, etc. The definition will serve as the frame of reference for developing the researches, limiting the frame of the theory, and founding a appraising system for agricultural water resources security.
基金Supported by the National Water Pollution Control and Treatment Science and Technology Major Project(2015ZX07206-006)
文摘Public participation is an important part of watershed water environment management. Via public participation, it could enhance public environmental awareness, mobilize multiple forces to reconcile the conflicts among multiple interest groups, supervise corporate environmental be-havior, and overcome the shortcomings of government unilateral decision-making. In this paper, the status quo of public participating in water envi-ronment control is summarized, and the existing problems of public participating in water environment control are analyzed. From the aspects of per-fecting legal system, perfecting water environment information disclosure system, expanding information communication channels, correctly guiding the development of environmental social organization, playing the supervision role of the people's congress and political consultative committee, and enriching the forms of publicity and education, the countermeasures and suggestions of public participating in water environment control are proposed, to perfect public participation mechanism, and scientifically and orderly impel comprehensive treatment of water environment.
基金supported by the Nonprofit Scientific Research Project of the Ministry of Water Resources of China (Grant No. 20081035)the National Fund for Major Projects of Water Pollution Control (Grant No. 2009ZX07104-006)
基金Supported by State Key Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology"Soil Passivation-Physiological Barrier-Enrichment and Removal Technology in Paddy Field with Mild Cadmium Contamination"(2016YED0800705-01)Key Research and Development Program of Guangxi"Research and Demonstration of Remediation Technology in Cadmium and Lead Polluted Paddy Field"(Gui Ke AB16380084)+2 种基金Key Agricultural Science and Technology Project of Guangxi"Integration,Research and Development of Heavy Metal Pollution Prevention Technology for Paddy Field"(201528)Scientific Research and Technological Development Program Project of Nanning City"Research and Demonstration of Integrated Ecological Restoration Technology for Heavy Metal Cadmium Polluted Paddy Field in Nanning"(20162105)Scientific and Technological Service Ability and Party Informationization Construction of Ecological Comprehensive Demonstration Village in Jianning No.1 Team of Xixiangtang District of Nanning(20152054-13)
文摘Agricultural non-point source pollution has become the main part of water pollution prevention and control in China. This paper made a brief introduction to the causes and hazards of agricultural non-point source pollution and the current situation of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control in China. In view of the serious agricultural non-point source pollution in water environment of Guangxi and the difference in quality of drinking water between urban and rural areas,it came up with recommendations for strengthening agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control from scientific distribution,linked operation and maintenance,popular science education,and legal system construction,to guarantee safe and healthy drinking water in rural areas.
基金ThisprojectwassupportedbyagrantfromtheNational"TheNinthFive YearPlan"ScienceandTechnologyKeyProjectofChina (No .96 9110 70 2 0 4 )
文摘Grey system analysis method was used to study the correlation between water pollution in D Lake area and death rate of malignancy with death rate of malignancy as effect sequence and a variety of water pollution index as factor sequence. On the basis of grey correlation analysis, grey system predication model was established for death rate of malignancy in population in D Lake area including GM (1, N) model for death rate of malignancy [ MR (t+1) =(9.9987E 1+5.0001E 2 +10.8994E 3+1.1114E 4+165.1029) ·e -0.0070t -9.9987E 1-5.0001E 2-10.8994E 3-1.1114E 4 ] and GM (1, 1) model for related factors [ E 1(t+1) =52.1214-46.9468e -0.0058t , E 2(t+1) =4.6114-4.5664e 0.0015t, E 3(t+1) =1.1389-1.1212e 0.0065t , E 4(t+1) = 554.5867-549.8006e 0.0016t ], and the trend of death rate of malignancy from 2000 to 2010 was predicted.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development (R&D) program of China (2018YFE0204100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for International Cooperation and Exchange (51820105011)
文摘The water sector needs to address viral-related public health issues,because water is a virus carrier,which not only spreads viruses(e.g.,via drinking water),but also provides information about the circu-lation of viruses in the community(e.g.,via sewage).It has been widely reported that waterborne viral pathogens are abundant,diverse,complex,and threatening the public health in both developed and developing countries.Meanwhile,there is great potential for viral monitoring that can indicate biosafety,treatment performance and community health.New developments in technology have been rising to meet the emerging challenges over the past decades.Under the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the world’s attention is directed to the urgent need to tackle the most challenging public health issues related to waterborne viruses.Based on critical analysis of the water viral knowledge progresses and gaps,this article offers a roadmap for managing COVID-19 and other viruses in the water environments for ensur-ing public health.
基金This research was jointly by the China Geological Survey Project Multi-Factor Urban Geological Survey of Wuhan(DD20190282)Survey and Evaluation of Riverside Urban Geological Safety in Wuhan(DD20221734).
文摘This study investigated water samples collected from the surface water and groundwater in Wuhan City,Hubei Province,China in different stages of the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019(hereinafter referred to as COVID-19)in the city,aiming to determine the distribution characteristics of antiviral drugs in the city’s waters.The results are as follows.The main hydrochemical type of surface water and groundwater in Wuhan was Ca-HCO3.The major chemical components in the groundwater had higher concentrations and spatial variability than those in the surface water.Two antiviral drugs and two glucocorticoids were detected in the surface water,groundwater,and sewage during the COVID-19 outbreak.Among them,chloroquine phosphate and cortisone had higher detection rates of 32.26%and 25.80%,respectively in all samples.The concentrations of residual drugs in East Lake were higher than those in other waters.The main drug detected in the waters in the later stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan was chloroquine phosphate,whose detection rates in the surface water and the groundwater were 53.85%and 28.57%,respectively.Moreover,the detection rate and concentration of chloroquine phosphate were higher in East Lake than in Huangjia Lake.The groundwater containing chloroquine phosphate was mainly distributed along the river areas where the groundwater was highly vulnerable.The residual drugs in the surface water and the groundwater had lower concentrations in the late stage of the COVID-19 outbreak than in the middle of the outbreak,and they have not yet caused any negative impacts on the ecological environment.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province No.Z2000E01
文摘Through high-resolution research of sedimental chronology and the sediment environmental indexes, such as graininess, minerals, magnetic parameters, pigment content, organic carbon and chronology in Ds-core and Ws-core in Nansihu Lake, the authors analyze the formation cause of the Nansihu Lake and its water environmental changes. Historical documents are also analyzed here in order to reach the conclusion. Researches indicate that the Nansihu Lake came into being about 2500 aBP and its evolution succession can be divided into four stages. In this evolution process, several scattered lakes merge into one large lake in the east of China. This process is distinctively affected by the overflow of the Yellow River, the excavation of the Grand Canal and other human activities.
文摘Water environment is a part of ecological environment, and conservation of water environment has always been a focus of public attention in China, but water environment management in the vast countryside has been stuck in bottleneck. Based on the fi eld investigation in Xianxia Town, Yudu County, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, this paper explored the current situation of local water environment and the management diffi culties, then introduced the holistic view to integrate the linkage of government, market and society, proposed the universality of the individual case, and the new attempt centering on urban-rural integrated water environment management system with public participation mechanism, management subjects' benefit balance and coordination system, marketing operation mechanism and economic incentive mechanism as the extension.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(2022AAC03093)Ningxia Higher Education First-class Discipline Construction Project(Hydraulic Engineering Discipline)(NXYLXK2021A03)Ningxia 2018 Key R&D Program(2018BEG03008).
文摘[Objectives]To make safety evaluation of water environment carrying capacity of five cities in Ningxia based on ecological footprint of water resources.[Methods]With the help of the grey relational model,15 indicators were selected from the natural,economic,and social aspects,and the most influential factors in the three fields were selected.Based on the concept of ecological priority,the water resources carrying capacity of the five cities in Ningxia from 2010 to 2019 was calculated with the help of the water resources ecological footprint model.Then,the indicators of the water resources ecological footprint model were coupled with the existing indicators to establish a comprehensive evaluation indicator system.Finally,the changes of the water environment carrying capacity of the five cities in Ningxia were analyzed with the help of the principal component analysis(PCA).[Results]The ecological pressure of water resources and the ecological deficit of water resources in the five cities were relatively large.Specifically,Yinchuan City had the most obvious deficit of water resources but good carrying capacity;Zhongwei City had a large ecological deficit of water resources,poor carrying capacity,and the largest ecological pressure index of water resources;Guyuan City had low water resources ecological deficit,water resources ecological carrying capacity and water resources ecological pressure index.[Conclusions]Through the analysis of the coupling indicator system,it can be seen that the water environment carrying capacity of the five cities is in an upward trend,indicating that the water environment in each region tends to become better.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11434012,10974218,and 11174312the State Key Laboratory of Acoustics of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No SKLA201407+3 种基金the Key Laboratory of Marine Surveying and Charting in Universities of Shandong of Shandong University of Science and Technology under Grant No 2013A02the Scientific Research Foundation of Shandong University of Science and Technology for Recruited Talents under Grant No2014RCJJ004the Project of the Public Science and Technology Research of Ocean under Grant No 201305034the National Key Technology R&D Program under Grant No 2012BAB16B01
文摘A Bayesian source tracking approach is developed to track a moving acoustic source in an uncertain ocean environment. This approach treats the environmental parameters (e.g., water depth, sediment and bottom parameters) at the source location and the source parameters (e.g., source depth, range and speed) as unknown random variables that evolve as the source moves. To track a target with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), acoustic signals from a series of observations are treated in a simultaneous inversion. This allows real-time updating of the environment and accurate tracking of the moving source. The noise signals radiated from a surface ship target are processed and analyzed. It is found that the Bayesian source tracking method could enhance the localization accuracy in an uncertain water environment and low SNR.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China
文摘The acicular ferrite in austempered ductile iron (ADI) matrix around graphite wascorroded preferentially in wet condition, promoting crack origination and propagationand resulting in the disappearance of ADI fatigue limit. ADI fatigue strength wasgradually reduced with increasing the time of test and was reduced by 50% in wetcondition at 10~7 cycles compared with the fatigue limit in dry condition. The fatiguestrength variation of ferritic ductile iron in wet condition was similar to that of ADI.The ferritic ductile iron, however, has better corrosion resistance so that the fatiguestrength was lowered only by 10% in wet condition at 10~7 cycles compared with thefatigue limit in dry condition. On the other hand, the fatigue limits of ADI and ferriticductile iron were dropped by 32% and 25% in tap water dipping 480h/dry conditionrespectively compared with those in dry condition. The reduction of fatigue limit wasattributed to corrosion pits formation correlated with stress concentration, resultingin origination and propagation of fatigue crack.