According to the multi-project and program management theory, this paper analyzes the program generation principle and establishes a program based on progress goals. On the basis of the present situation of calculatio...According to the multi-project and program management theory, this paper analyzes the program generation principle and establishes a program based on progress goals. On the basis of the present situation of calculation of penalty for delay of the bidding section construction period with the critical path method, we studied the effects of contractor-induced delay of the bidding section construction period in detail, including the effects on the construction period of the bidding section itself, the earliest start times of the next bidding section and other subsequent bidding sections, and the construction period of the program, and then constructed a penalty model for delay of the bidding section construction period from the perspective of programs. Using the penalty model, we conducted a practical analysis of penalty for delay of the construction period of the Baoying station program in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The model can help determine the amount of penalty for delay of the construction period in bidding sections scientifically and reasonably,展开更多
云中过冷水识别对于人工影响天气及预防飞机积冰具有重要意义,但过冷水的识别一直是气象探测中的难点,毫米波雷达是连续探测云结构和物理特征的有效工具。利用布设在藏东南水汽通道入口处墨脱地区的Ka波段毫米波云雷达基数据,结合微波...云中过冷水识别对于人工影响天气及预防飞机积冰具有重要意义,但过冷水的识别一直是气象探测中的难点,毫米波雷达是连续探测云结构和物理特征的有效工具。利用布设在藏东南水汽通道入口处墨脱地区的Ka波段毫米波云雷达基数据,结合微波辐射计温度资料,采用基于模糊逻辑法、阈值法进行过冷水识别,识别出的粒子相态包含冰、雪、过冷水及混合态。并利用同址的微波辐射计的液态水路径(liquid water paths,LWP)对墨脱云雷达观测的两个层积云过程的过冷水识别效果进行了分析和初步验证。结果表明:模糊逻辑法和阈值法识别的过冷水基本合理,但模糊逻辑法可以识别更多的过冷水,从定量分析来看,模糊逻辑法相对于阈值法识别的LWP更接近于微波辐射计。藏东南墨脱地区层积云中过冷水的微物理参数与其他地区较为一致,有效半径主要位于7~15μm,液态水含量(liquid water content,LWC)主要分布在0.01~0.3 g/m^(3),但墨脱地区过冷水的分布比其他地区更为丰富,往往云顶、云底及云中同时存在过冷水。展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Plan of China (Major Project of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, Grant No. 2006BAB04A13)the Philosophy and Social Science Fund of Education Department of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. 07SJD630006)+1 种基金the Third Key Discipline (Techno-Economics and Management) of the Project 211the Key Disciplines of Jiangsu Province (Engineering and Project Management)
文摘According to the multi-project and program management theory, this paper analyzes the program generation principle and establishes a program based on progress goals. On the basis of the present situation of calculation of penalty for delay of the bidding section construction period with the critical path method, we studied the effects of contractor-induced delay of the bidding section construction period in detail, including the effects on the construction period of the bidding section itself, the earliest start times of the next bidding section and other subsequent bidding sections, and the construction period of the program, and then constructed a penalty model for delay of the bidding section construction period from the perspective of programs. Using the penalty model, we conducted a practical analysis of penalty for delay of the construction period of the Baoying station program in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The model can help determine the amount of penalty for delay of the construction period in bidding sections scientifically and reasonably,
文摘云中过冷水识别对于人工影响天气及预防飞机积冰具有重要意义,但过冷水的识别一直是气象探测中的难点,毫米波雷达是连续探测云结构和物理特征的有效工具。利用布设在藏东南水汽通道入口处墨脱地区的Ka波段毫米波云雷达基数据,结合微波辐射计温度资料,采用基于模糊逻辑法、阈值法进行过冷水识别,识别出的粒子相态包含冰、雪、过冷水及混合态。并利用同址的微波辐射计的液态水路径(liquid water paths,LWP)对墨脱云雷达观测的两个层积云过程的过冷水识别效果进行了分析和初步验证。结果表明:模糊逻辑法和阈值法识别的过冷水基本合理,但模糊逻辑法可以识别更多的过冷水,从定量分析来看,模糊逻辑法相对于阈值法识别的LWP更接近于微波辐射计。藏东南墨脱地区层积云中过冷水的微物理参数与其他地区较为一致,有效半径主要位于7~15μm,液态水含量(liquid water content,LWC)主要分布在0.01~0.3 g/m^(3),但墨脱地区过冷水的分布比其他地区更为丰富,往往云顶、云底及云中同时存在过冷水。
