Adsorption Behavior of a Water-soluble Porphyrin at the Glass-water Interface as Studied by Synchronous Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence spectroscopy (TIRF) and synchronous scanning technique were combined to study the adsorption behavior of the meso-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) at the glass-water interface without any surfactant. The pH dependence of synchronous fluorescence signal at the interface was analyzed. Both unprotonated (TPPS4-) and diprotonated (H2TPPS2-) forms of TPPS were observed at the interface. But the interface favored the adsorption of. The apparent estimated pKa2 value shifted from 5.00 in the bulk solution to 2.7 at the interface. STIRF provides a good technique to study multi-component systems at the interface.

Preliminary Study on Optimized Conditions for Dry-cultivated Rice Seedling Planting

The effects of soil moisture content, pot seedling buried depth, and pot seedling height on the survival rate and growth of dry planted seedlings were researched by field experiment. The results showed that the seedling survival rate and growth were enhanced with the increase of soil moisture content after pot seedling transplanting, but there was no significant difference in the survival rate and growth of seedlings with 85% and 100% of soil moisture content. Pot seedling buried depth was one of the important factors affecting the survival rate, and when the pot seedlings were buried 2 cm deep, the seedlings showed high survival rate and excellent growth. Under the same condition of soil moisture content and buried depth, seedlings with pot seedling height of 15 cm had the best survival rate and growth. Therefore, the optimized conditions for dry-cultivated rice seedling planting were soil moisture content of 85%, pot seedling buried depth of 2 cm, and pot seedling height of 15 cm.

Effect of Direct-seeding with Non-flooding and Wheat Residue Returning Patterns on Greenhouse Gas Emission from Rice Paddy

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of direct-seeding with non-flooding and wheat residue returning patterns on greenhouse gas emission from rice paddy. [Method] Two rice cultivars currently used in the production, Yangdao 6 （an indica） and Yangjing 4038 （a japonica）, were field grown using a direct-seeding method, and four treatments, wheat straw incorporation into soil and traditional flooding （SlF）, non-flooding and wheat straw mulching （NSM）, non-flooding and wheat straw incorporation into soil （NSl） and traditional flooding （no straw returned, Control, TF）, were imposed after sowing to maturity. Effects of direct-seeding with non-flooding and wheat residue returning patterns on CH4, N20 and CO2 emissions were investigated by using the method of static chamber-gas chromatographic tech- niques. [Result] Grain yield showed no significant difference between non-flooding and flooding treatments, but was significantly higher under the SlF than under any other treatments. The emission flux of CH4 and CO2 under TF and SlF exhibited a single peak curve, while changed little under the NSl and NSM The emission flux of N2Oshowed multiple perk curves for all the treatments. Compared with TF, SlF significantly increased mean emission flux of CH4 or N2O, decreased emission of N20, while NSl and NSM significantly decreased the mean emission flux of OH4, and increased emission flux of N2O and CO2. SIF also increased Green Warm Potential （GWP） of CH4, N2O and CO2 and the GWP per unit grain yield by 47.3%- 53.7% and 32.2%-39.4%, respectively. Both NSl and NSM decreased GWP by 24.2%-29.6% and 30.1%-35.5%, and the GWP per unit grain yield was decreased by 21.7-27.2% and 25.6%-31.1%, respectively. [Conelusion] both NSl and NSM could significantly reduce greenhouse effect of CH4, N2O and CO2 meanwhile maintain a high grain yield.

Resource and Environmental Quality Changes and Adjustment Principles for Sustainable Development in Rapidly Developing Coastal Region of Southeastern China

Problems in water-land resources and environmental quality increase with the fast economic development in the coastal region of southeastern China. This region has the highest density in population, industry and towns in China, and the large export-oriented economy makes itself a strategic importance while China enters into international markets. The problems facing to this region include arable land reduction, land degradation aggravation, high percentage of built-up land with high rate of expansion, expanded non-point pollution, deteriorated water quality, decreasing biodiversity, destroyed ecosystems, severe air pollution, frequently occurred acid rain, and multi-pollutants. The important research fields in the near future should include a) influence of high-intensity exploitation of resources on changes of environment quality and its feedback; b) interface processes, key mechanisms and adjustment principles for degradation of water-, land-, and air-resources and environmental quality; c) evolvement processes and nurturing theory of biodiversity and ecological resources; and d) spatio-temporal variation and human-induced effects on regional resources and environment quality. Strategies for sustainable development in the region are as follows: a) controlling to ensure basic cultivated land area; b) enforcing remediation of polluted water environment, and controlling non-point pollution; c) strengthening ecological construction and ecological security; and d) controlling multi-pollution and preventing trace toxic pollutants.

Aggregate Characteristics During Natural Revegetation on the Loess Plateau

Field investigations and laboratory analysis were conducted to study the characteristics of soil water-stable aggregates during vegetation rehabilitation in typical grassland soils of the hilly-gullied loess area. The relationship between water- stable aggregates and other soil properties was analyzed using canonical correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results show that during the natural revegetation, the aggregates 〉 5 mm dominated and constituted between 50% and 80% of the total soil water-stable aggregates in most of the soil layers. The 2-5 mm aggregate class was the second main component. The mean value of water-stable aggregates 〉 5 mm within the 0-2 m soil profile under different plant communities decreased in the following order： Stipa grandis 〉 Stipa bungeana Trin. 〉 Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. 〉 Thymus mongolicus Ronn. 〉 Hierochloe odorata （L.） Beauv. Clay, organic matter, and total N were the key factors that influenced the water stability of the aggregates. Total N and organic matter were the main factors that affected the water stability of the aggregates 〉 5 mm and 0.5-1 mm in size. The contents of Fe2O3, Al2O3, and physical clay （〈 0.01 mm） were the main factors which affected the water stability of the 1-2 and 0.25-0.5 mm aggregates.

Fragile Watermarking of 3D Models Using Genetic Algorithms

This paper describes a novel algorithm for fragile watermarking of 3D models. Fragile watermarking requires detection of even minute intentional changes to the 3D model along with the location of the change. This poses a challenge since inserting random amount of watermark in all the vertices of the model would generally introduce perceptible distortion. The proposed algorithm overcomes this challenge by using genetic algorithm to modify every vertex location in the model so that there is no perceptible distortion. Various experimental results are used to justify the choice of the genetic algorithm design parameters. Experimental results also indicate that the proposed algorithm can accurately detect location of any mesh modification.

Grass Litter Decomposition Rate and Water-Holding Capacity in Dry-Hot Valley of Jinshajiang River

The decomposition rate and the water-holding capacity of 6 kinds of grass litters were studied in the Jinshajiang river dry-hot valley. The results showed that the dry weight remains reduced with time but did not have a direct correlation with time. The decomposition litters were affected by climate, character of litter, animalcule and soil animal. The climate factors of temperature and humidity were important especially. The water-holding capacity was in the sequence ofN. wightii （336%）, P. notatum Flugge （248%）, H. contortus （L.） Beauv （209%）, B. pertusa （L.） A. Camus（206%）, L endecaphylla Jacq （174%）, D. annulatum （Forsk.） Stapf （168%）. After 24 months decomposition the remaining dry weight of the litter was in the sequence as follows： 15.12% for N. wightii, 26.38% for I. endecaphylla Jacq, 27.23% for B. pertusa （L.） A. Camus, 30.78% for P. notatum Flugge, 39.72% for H. contortus （L.） Beauv and 39.76% for D. annulatum （Forsk.） Stapf. The decomposition rate and water-holding capacity ofN. wightii are at the highest level. It is important for the development, improvement and conservation of the grassland soil.

Highly efficient pure white polymer light-emitting devices based on poly(N-vinylcarbazole) doped with blue and red phosphorescent dyes

Efficient white-polymer-light-emitting devices (WPLEDs) have been fabricated with a single emitting layer containing a hole-transporting host polymer,poly(N-vinylcarbzole),and an electron-transporting auxiliary,1,3-bis[(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]-phenylene,codoped with two phosphorescent dyes:Iridium(III)bis (2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2') picolinate (FIrpic) and home-made Ir-G2 for blue and red emission,respectively.With the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS 4083(40 nm)/emission layer(80 nm)/Ba(4 nm)/Al(120 nm),the device showed a maximal luminous efficiency (LE) of 13.5 cd A-1(corresponding to an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.8%),and a peak power efficiency (PE) of 6.5 lm W-1 at 6.0 V.Meanwhile,the device exhibited pure white emission with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.34,0.35) at a current density of 12 mA cm-2,which is very close to the equi-energy white point with CIE coordinates of (0.33,0.33).The device performance can be further optimized when more balanced hole/electron injection is achieved by incorporating a lower conducting type anode buffer layer (PEDOT:PSS) and incorporating poly[(9,9-bis(3'-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorenene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctyfluorene)] (PFN) as an electron injection layer at the cathode.The optimized device showed an LE of 24.6 cd A-1 (with an EQE of 14.1%),while the peak power efficiency reached 12.66 lm W-1.Moreover,the WPLEDs showed good electroluminescence (EL) stability over a wide range of operating current density and luminance.

Active Approach for Tamper Detection with Robustness to Lossy Compression

Active tamper detection using watermarking technique can localize the tampered area and recover the lost information. In this paper, we propose an approach that the watermark is robust to legitimate lossy compression, fragile to malicious tampering and capable of recovery. We embed the watermark bits in the direct current value of energy concentration transform domain coefficients. Let the original watermark bits be content dependent and apply error correction coding to them before embedded to the image. While indicating the tam- pered area, the extracted bits from a suspicious image can be further decoded and then used to roughly recover the corresponding area. We also theoretically study the image quality and bit error rate. ExperimentM results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.