Impacts of Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme on Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter in the Lower Yellow River

As a river with more than 3000 reservoirs in its watershed,the Yellow River has been affected by dams not only on the sediment load,but also on the water quality.Water-sediment regulation scheme(WSRS),which has been carried out annually in the Yellow River since 2002,is a typical human activity affecting river water quality.Chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in river is susceptible to changes in ecological and environmental conditions as well as human activities.Here,we report variations in dissolved organic carbon concentrations,compositions and sources of CDOM in time series samples in the lower Yellow River during WSRS.In addition,a parallel factor fluorescence analysis(PARAFAC)method is applied to identify different fluorescent components in water samples during WRSR,showing four major components including tryptophan-like component(C1),microbial humic-like component(C2),terrestrial humic-like component(C3)and tyrosine-like component(C4).In general,C1 increased after water regulation,while C2 and C3 increased after sediment regulation,indicating that the water and sediment released by the dam have different effects on CDOM compositions.Under the impacts of the dam,source of CDOM in the lower Yellow River is mainly autochthonous related to microbial activities,and is regulated by the terrestrial input during WSRS period.Sediment resuspension inhibits microbial activities and reduces the production of autochthonous CDOM.Overall,human activities especially WSRS,as exemplified here,significantly alter the quality and quantity of CDOM in the lower Yellow River,affecting CDOM dynamics and biogeochemical processes in the estuarine environment.

Rapid shifts of the river plume pathway off the Huanghe (Yellow) River mouth in response to water-sediment regulation scheme in 2005

Freshwater plume represents a key passage for the river to deliver sediment to the coastal ocean. A wa- ter-sediment regulation scheme was implemented for the Huanghe River in 2005; in order to examine the effect of such an activity on the river plume dynamics, three cruises were carried out off the Huanghe River mouth. The prelimi- nary results of the in-situ measurements suggested that the plume pathway shifted rapidly during the period of less than twenty days, which was confirmed by satellite remote sensing data in the same period. The rapid shifts were resulted from intensive interactions between river discharge and the vary- ing bathymetry in the river mouth area. A large amount of river sediment was delivered to the coastal region during this period and mostly deposited in the mouth bar area due to jet-flow deceleration, forming a cluster of mouth bars across the river mouth, which caused the rapid shifts of the plume pathway.

Using Rn-222 to Study Human-Regulated River Water-Sediment Input Event in the Estuary

The implementation of the water sediment regulation scheme(WSRS)is a typical example of artificially controlling land-source input.During WSRS,the water discharge of the Yellow River will increase significantly,and so will the input of terri-genous materials.In this study,we used a natural geochemical tracer 222Rn to quantify terrestrial inputs under the influence of the 2014 WSRS in the Yellow River Estuary.The results indicated that during WSRS the concentration of 222Rn in the estuary increased by about four times than in the period before WSRS.The high-level 222Rn plume disappeared quickly after WSRS,indicating that 222Rn has a very short‘memory effect’in the estuary.Based on the investigation conducted from 2015 to 2016,the concentration of 222Rn tended to be stable in the lower reaches of the Yellow River.During WSRS,the concentrations of 222Rn in the river water in-creased sharply at about 3–5 times greater than in the non-WSRS period.Based on the 222Rn mass balance model,the fluxes of 222Rn caused by submarine groundwater discharge(SGD)were estimated to be(3.5±1.7)×10^(3),(11±3.9)×10^(3),and(5.2±1.9)×10^(3)dpm m^(-2)d^(-1)in the periods before,during,and after WSRS,respectively.This finding indicated that SGD was the major source of 222Rn in the Yellow River Estuary,which can be significantly increased during WSRS.Furthermore,the SGD-associated nutrient fluxes were estimated to be 9.8×10^(3),2.5×102,and 1.1×10^(4)μmolm^(-2)d^(-1)for dissolved inorganic nitrogen,phosphorus,and silicon,respectively,during WSRS or about 2–40 times greater than during the non-WSRS period.

Effect of water-sediment regulation and its impact on coastline and suspended sediment concentration in Yellow River Estuary

Implementation of the water-sediment regulation(WSR) scheme, mainly focused on solving the sedimentation problems of reservoirs and the lower reaches of the Yellow River, has inevitably influenced the sediment distribution and coastal morphology of the Yellow River Estuary.Using coastline delineation and suspended sediment concentration(SSC) retrieval methods, this study investigated water and sediment changes,identified detailed inter-annual and intra-annual variations of the coastline and SSC in the normal period(NP: 1986-2001, before and after the flood season) and WSR period(WSRP: 2002-2013, before and after WSR). The results indicate that(1) the sedimentation in the low reaches of the Yellow River turned into erosion from 2002 onward;(2) the inter-annual coastline changes could be divided into an accretion stage(1986-1996), a slow erosion stage(1996-2002), and a slow accretion stage(2002-2013);(3) an intra-annual coastline extension occurred in the river mouth in most years of the WSRP; and(4) the mean intra-annual accretion area was 0.789 km^2 in the NP and 4.73 km2 in the WSRP,and the mean SSC increased from 238 mg/L to 293 mg/L in the NP and from 192 mg/L to 264 mg/L in the WSRP.

Impact of the water-sediment regulation and a rainstorm on nutrient transport in the Huanghe River

Dissolved nutrient concentration in the Huanghe （Yellow） River at Lijin was monitored during a water-sediment regulation period and a subsequent rainstorm from 14 June to 19 July, 2005. This study provides detailed information on nutrient concentrations in the Huanghe River during the water-sediment regulation and rainstorm periods, and is of significance for the downstream area of the Huanghe River and the Bohai Sea. The average concentrations of nitrate, nitrite and ammonia were 304.7 μmol/L, 0.19 μmol/L, and 1.10 μmol/L, respectively, while the average concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus （DIP） and dissolved silicate （DSi） were 0.23 gmol/L and 122.9 ktmol/L, respectively. Nutrient concentrations during the water-sediment regulation period were mainly influenced by the dilution effect, floodplain effect and sediment resuspension while dilution and erosion effects were the main factors during the rainstorm. The fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN）, DIP and DSi during the water-sediment regulation and rainstorm periods accounted for 20.4%, 19.5%, 16.7% and 4.97%, 6.45%, 5.47% of the annual nutrient fluxes, respectively. Discharge was the main factor influencing the fluxes of nutrients during both the water- sediment regulation and the rainstorm periods.

The influence of water-sediment regulation on macrobenthic community structures in the Huanghe River(Yellow River)Estuary during 2012–2016

To determine if water-sediment regulation has affected macrobenthic community structure in the Huanghe River Estuary,China,macrobenthic samples were collected following regulation events from 2012 to 2016.We identify seven phyla and 138 macrobenthic species from within samples throughout the survey area,over time.Species richness and abundance in 2012 were significantly higher than in 2016.Biomass did not differ significantly during 2012–2016.Dominant species were mostly small polychaetes,with mollusks,arthropods,and echinoderms all being relatively rare.In 2016,dominant species were small polychaetes.MDS reveals macrobenthic communities at all surveyed distances from the estuary to have become the same community structure over time.Shannon-Wiener diversity and Margalef richness indexes trended down over time.CCA reveals the most dominant sediment-dwelling species to prefer lower dissolved oxygen,sulfides,and pH,and sediments with high D50 and low clay content.We speculate that water-sediment regulation has affected seabed communities,particularly Region A in our survey area.

Impact of Water-Sediment Regulation on Variations of Amino Acids in the Middle-Lower Yellow River, China

In order to examine the impacts of water-sediment regulation on regional carbon cycling,we collected water,particulate and sediment samples from the middle-lower Yellow River in late June and early July,2015 and analyzed their specific amino acids(AA),DOC,POC,and bacteria abundance.Summarized by 14 specific AA,the total hydrolysable AA(THAA),particulate AA(PAA),and sediment AA(SAA)varied in ranges of 2.29-9.05μmol L^-1,5.22-22.96μmol L^-1,and 81.7-137.19μg g^-1 dry weight.After the regulation,dissolved free AA(DFAA)decreased by 29%while DCAA increased by 72%.These variations suggested that DFAA were further degraded,while DCAA molecules were further activated.Meanwhile,PAA increased almost 4 times as many as those before regulation,and SAA increased as well.After regulation,the amounts of bioactive amino acids(Asp,Glu and Gly)increased in THAA but decreased in PAA,with little changes in SAA.The ratios of Asp/Gly in different phases increased after regulation,indicating the AA contributions were promoted by calcareous organisms rather than by siliceous organisms.Multiple correlation analysis showed that PAA was primary representatives of AA and organic carbon,followed by DCAA and POC.Moreover,bacterial reproduction played a key role in shaping the AA compositions and properties,followed by the redox condition and acid-base balance.The results of this study provided a clear evidence for the effects of water-sediment regulation on regional biogeochemistry of organic carbon in the middle-lower Yellow River.

Understanding the influencing factors and evolving trends of the Yellow River Water-Sediment Regulation System from a system perspective

Understanding the influencing factors and the evolving trends of the Water-Sediment Regulation System(WSRS)is vital for the protection and management of the Yellow River.Past studies on WSRS have been limited in focus and have not fully addressed the complete engineering control system of the basin.This study takes a holistic view,treating sediment management in the Yellow River as a dynamic and ever-evolving complex system.It merges concepts from system science,information theory,and dissipative structure with practical efforts in sediment engineering control.The key findings of this study are as follows:between 1990 and 2019,the average Yellow River Sediment Regulation Index(YSRI)was 55.99,with the lowest being 50.26 in 1990 and the highest being 61.48 in 2019;the result indicates that the WSRS activity decreased,yet it fluctuated,gradually approaching the critical threshold of a dissipative structure.

地形地貌变化对调水调沙期间黄河口沉积格局的影响

自2002年实施调水调沙以来,由于入海径流、沉积物的通量和组成发生变化,黄河现行河口三角洲叶瓣不断向海淤积造陆,水下三角洲坡度变陡。地形地貌变化对调水调沙期间入海泥沙沉积格局的影响成为黄河口研究的重要科学问题。本文基于Delft3D模型系统,利用岸线、水深和河流水沙数据构建三维水沙数值模型,对2002年、2008年、2014年和2019年调水调沙期间现行河口近岸海域泥沙的输运和沉积过程进行模拟。结果表明,随着水深、岸线的变化,黄河口近岸海域动力环境增强,泥沙的横向输运增强,纵向输运相应减弱;进而导致黄河入海泥沙堆积体的横向长度增加约30%,纵向长度减小约27%,厚度、形态也相应变化。本研究揭示了地形地貌变化条件下,黄河调水调沙期间入海泥沙在河口的沉积格局及动力机制,对深入理解黄河口近岸海域水动力-地貌耦合系统有重要参考价值。

某600MW亚临界机组20%深度调峰技术方案应用探讨

新型电力系统中煤电将是最重要的调节性电源,越来越多的煤电机组将参与深度调峰。现有机组普遍面临低负荷时锅炉稳燃、受热面超温、脱硝投入、汽机安全性等问题不能实现深度调峰。对国内某600 MW亚临界机组进行了深度调峰摸底试验,得到了制约机组实现20%负荷深度调峰的瓶颈。针对瓶颈,为实现20%深度调峰,提出了锅炉侧燃烧器优化、磨煤机分离器改造、送风机改造、水平烟道吹灰优化,汽机侧辅助蒸汽系统改造,控制侧逻辑优化等技术方案。

干旱地区河槽暗蓄雨洪资源化利用模拟

目的 研究利用雨洪资源解决干旱地区用水短缺问题,提出利用河槽暗蓄收集雨洪最佳工程方案,为该类工程的设计提供参考。方法 应用Visual Modflow软件模拟研究辽西喀左地区内第二牤牛河流域中不同调蓄方案和拦蓄入渗方案对河槽暗蓄雨洪资源化的影响。结果 通过不同调蓄方案的对比,采用可调控悬挂截渗坝代替现有截渗坝时,雨洪资源利用率可提高至20.3%;通过不同拦蓄入渗方案的对比,“不清河床+坑塘+拦水堰”方案的雨洪资源入渗量为天然条件下雨洪资源入渗量100倍以上。结论 河槽暗蓄雨洪资源化工程最佳的拦蓄入渗和调蓄组合方案为在“不清河床+坑塘+拦水堰”的情况下采用可调控悬挂截渗坝,可显著提高雨洪资源利用率。

黄河现行流路与启用刁口流路不同情景下调水调沙期间入海水沙扩散特征与影响因素

《黄河流域综合规划(2012—2030年)》中指出,规划期内仍主要利用清水沟流路行河,保持流路相对稳定,清水沟流路使用结束后,优先启用刁口备用流路。为探究黄河启用刁口流路后入海水沙扩散特征及其与现行流路的差异,本研究选取黄河水沙入海的主要时期——调水调沙期,通过FVCOM三维数值模式,模拟研究了黄河调水调沙期间经两条流路入海情况下的盐度、悬沙浓度及河口动力特征,对比发现(1)两条流路沿岸流系总体变化趋势一致,入海径流受地转偏向力影响整体向东偏转,局部流场存在差异,刁口流路入海时无明显环流;(2)两种流路下羽流和悬沙的扩散特征对调水调沙不同阶段的水沙变化存在一致性的响应;然而,受河口地形和岸线的影响,刁口流路情景下羽流和悬沙的扩散范围显著大于现行流路;(3)伴随着流路变化,三角洲不同区域的演化特征将产生快速响应:刁口流路启用后,现行河口三角洲将进入蚀退期,刁口三角洲叶瓣进入快速造陆期。此外,模型结果显示,由于刁口外较浅的水深和平缓的地貌特征,相同条件下刁口流路情景下三角洲的造陆速率在短期内可能高于现行流路。

VPSA制氧系统中离心鼓风机变工况调节规律研究

为提升离心鼓风机的变工况性能,以某真空变压吸附(VPSA)制氧系统中的离心鼓风机为研究对象,采用数值计算的方法分别对转速、扩压器角度单独调节以及二者联合调节时离心鼓风机的性能变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,相较于固定式,联合调节的工作压比范围扩大42%,可以使离心鼓风机在全压比范围内保持高效稳定运行;通过建立效率与转速、扩压器角度、压比之间的函数模型,采用内点法寻优得出了联合调节的最佳控制方案,为离心鼓风机的高效运行提供了依据。最后为验证寻优结果的可靠性,结合离心鼓风机的实际工作压比变化规律,按照最佳控制方案对试验模型的转速与扩压器角度进行联合调节,经测量可使离心鼓风机保持效率为87%以上持续运行。

汉江狗头湾滩段航道整治工程方案

狗头湾滩段作为汉江中下游重要的通航河段,在丹江口水库和引江济汉调水工程实施后,其上游来水历时、流量均发生巨大变化,水流、泥沙运动和河床变化十分复杂。结合近年实测河道水文、地形资料以及模型试验资料研究狗头湾整治方案,重点分析了该段浅滩的演变特征、水流与泥沙的运动关系以及碍航特性,提出整治工程方案。验证结果表明,整治工程的实施稳定了工程河段洲滩,束窄了中、枯水河宽,深槽普遍冲刷且走向稳定,中、枯水河势得以有效控制和巩固。研究成果可为狗头湾段浅滩和相似河道整治提供参考依据。

环境规制、数字技术与高耗能制造企业绿色转型——基于用能权交易试点企业的证据

随着数字技术与企业生产的深度融合,用能权交易作为一项环境规制政策,能否促进高耗能制造企业绿色转型,其作用机理如何仍有待研究。基于问卷调查,使用中介效应和门槛回归模型考察用能权交易对高耗能制造企业绿色转型的影响和作用机理。结果表明:用能权交易显著促进了试点企业绿色转型,数字技术发挥了正向中介作用;数字技术具有门槛效应,只有当其高于门槛值时才能显著促进高耗能制造企业绿色转型。异质性分析表明用能权交易显著促进了非国有企业和大企业绿色转型。据此提出应继续完善用能权交易,健全相关信息披露和履约监管制度,增加政府财税扶持,健全数字化基础设施,鼓励企业加强对数字技术的应用,针对不同企业施策等建议。

并网光伏电站关口无功调节能力的分时段等值方法

现有并网光伏电站关口无功调节能力等值方法未考虑站内电压安全约束、并网点电压和光伏出力的波动影响,难以满足工程实际的调控管理要求,为此,提出一种并网光伏电站关口无功调节能力的分时段等值方法,为工程实际调控管理提供决策依据。在给定关口电压和光伏出力的条件下,考虑光伏电站内部静止无功发生器、光伏单元无功调节能力及其无功调节上下限要求,提出光伏电站关口无功最大调节范围的优化等值方法,确定光伏电站关口无功调节能力与其有功出力、关口电压的关系;同时,考虑关口电压和光伏出力波动的时段特性,通过相似日波动阈值的区域图时段融合策略,实现光伏电站关口无功调节能力的分时段等值。以实际光伏电站的仿真分析验证了所提方法的有效性。

考虑电流过零畸变的Vienna整流器SPWM调制策略研究

空间矢量脉宽调制(space vector pulse width modulation,SVPWM)在Vienna整流器控制中应用广泛。然而,SVPWM的计算量较大,难以应用在开关频率较高的Vienna整流器控制中,且Vienna整流器功率只能单向传递的特点使得输出电流易出现过零畸变。针对上述问题,本文首先给出了正常状态下Vienna整流器正弦脉宽调制(sinusoidal pulse width modulation,SPWM)过程中期望输出电压与PWM比较值之间的关系表达式,并进一步分析了电流过零畸变的机理。基于误差最小化思想,本文提出了一种考虑电流过零畸变的Vienna整流器SPWM调制策略。仿真实验表明:采用考虑电流过零畸变的Vienna整流器SPWM调制策略,可显著减小电流过零畸变,提高电流质量,与未采用本调制策略相比,并网电流的THD由2.48%减小至1.1%。

松花江牤牛哨滩河段航道整治方案比选

牤牛哨滩是松花江中游主要的碍航浅滩,该滩段河道水浅槽窄、滩口流急并伴随横流等碍航水流,严重影响船舶通航以及生态旅游航道的建设。针对此问题,采用二维水流数值模拟方法对牤牛哨滩河段的碍航水流特性进行研究,对比分析3种航道整治方案的效果。结果表明,采用复式断面航槽疏浚及生态闸坝建造的方案后,该滩段通航水深大于1.78 m,枯水期平均比降仅为0.29‰,平均消滩水力指标远小于2.06,流态良好,满足航道治理要求。研究成果可为该类滩险的航道整治方案选择提供科学依据。

Decentralized Primary Frequency Regulation for Hybrid Multi-terminal Direct Current Power Systems Considering Multi-source Enhancement

Hybrid multi-terminal direct current(MTDC)transmission technology has been a research focus,and primary frequency regulation(FR)improvement in the receiving-end system is one of the problems to be solved.This paper presents a decentralized primary FR scheme for hybrid MTDC power systems considering multi-source enhancement to help suppress frequency disturbance in the receiving-end systems.All the converters only need local frequency or DC voltage signal input to respond to system disturbance without communication or a control center,i.e.,a decentralized control scheme.The proposed scheme can activate appropriate power sources to assist in FR in various system disturbance severities with fine-designed thresholds,ensuring sufficient utilization of each power source.To better balance FR performance and FR resource participation,an evaluation index is proposed and the parameter optimization problem is further conducted.Finally,the validity of the proposed scheme is verified by simulations in MATLAB/Simulink.

广州市黑臭小微水体治理及修复举措探讨

黑臭小微水体不仅直接影响人们的生产生活,给群众带来较差的感官体验,还阻碍整体水系的治理进度,对黑臭小微水体的整治成为改善城市人居环境和提高幸福指数的应有之义。通过精准对接问题,持续发力,广州市在处理黑臭小微水体方面已取得显著成效。在分析黑臭小微水体形成机理的基础上,总结了广州市黑臭小微水体的治理经验。