Analysis on the Water-saving Irrigation Technique Based on the Perspective of Food Safety

The paper analyzed the important role of water saving in protecting the food safety,introduced the present development of agricultural water-saving technique,pointed out the potential risks of water resources,and proposed the future development of water-saving irrigation.

Problems and Development Countermeasures of Agricultural Water-Saving Irrigation

Agriculture is the biggest water user in China,and the development of agricultural water-saving has great significance to the national economy and social development. In this paper,the present situation of water used in agriculture irrigation and water-saving potential were analyzed,and the ＂ bottleneck＂ and main problems existing in water-saving irrigation in China were discussed. From the aspects of engineering investment channels,agricultural water-saving policies and management system,reform of agricultural water price and water right transfer,improvement of farmers＇ water-saving consciousness,and promotion of rural land transfer,suggestions were proposed for the development of China＇s agricultural water-saving in future,which will provide a technical support for the sustainable use of agricultural water resources in China.

The Potential Contribution of Subsurface Drip Irrigation to Water-Saving Agriculture in the Western USA

Water shortages within the western USA are resulting in the adoption of water-saving agricultural practices within this region. Among the many possible methods for saving water in agriculture, the adoption of subsurface drip irrigation （SDI） provides a potential solution to the problem of low water use efficiency. Other advantages of SDI include reduced NO3 leaching compared to surface irrigation, higher yields, a dry soil surface for improved weed control, better crop health, and harvest flexibility for many specialty crops. The use of SDI also allows the virtual elimination of crop water stress, the ability to apply water and nutrients to the most active part of the root zone, protection of drip lines from damage due to cultivation and tillage, and the ability to irrigate with wastewater while preventing human contact. Yet, SDI is used only on a minority of cropland in the arid western USA. Reasons for the limited adoption of SDI include the high initial capital investment required, the need for intensive management, and the urbanization that is rapidly consuming farmland in parts of the western USA. The contributions of SDI to increasing yield, quality, and water use efficiency have been demonstrated. The two major barriers to SDI sustainability in arid regions are economics （i.e., paying for the SDI system）, including the high cost of installation; and salt accumulation, which requires periodic leaching, specialized tillage methods, or transplanting of seedlings rather than direct-seeding. We will review advances in irrigation management with SDI.

RESEARCH & PRACTICE OF WATER-SAVING AGRICULTURE

China is one of the world’s major agricultural countries. About 80% of its annual water consumption is used for fanning undertakings. On the other hand, China is a country deficient in water resources and in particular, the water shortage is embarrassingly serious in the north. So the current development of water-saving agriculture (WSA) is a way of easing the strain between the supply and demand of water. This article expounds the WSA’s status in the development of the national economy, its research and implementation, and suggests an institutional system of WSA to be established in this country.

A Review on Water-Saving Agriculture in Europe

This paper aims to analyze the research on the current situation of water-saving agriculture development in Europe. Water-saving agriculture in Europe started early, governments and farmers in various countries have a strong awareness of water-saving in agriculture and have achieved certain results. Due to the global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the lack of up-to-date field research, the complexity of various agricultural disciplines and categories, and the lack of information sharing, the current cognition of recent progress in the development of water-saving agriculture in Europe is not comprehensive enough. This paper selects four representative European countries: Spain, Germany, Italy, and Denmark as the research objects. Based on the existing research of Chinese and Western scholars, this paper analyzes and studies the current situation of water-saving agriculture in Europe. It has far-reaching significance for other countries in the world to have further development in water-saving agriculture and to protect water resources.

Applying Technique Assembly to Raise the Production Level of Mechanized Agriculture

On the basis of accomplishment obtained in the course of mechanized crop production owing to the progress of science and technology,the authors propose further in this paper the target and prineiples of technique assembly in agricultural production.A typical high yield model of technique assembly for soybean and wheat production is given as an example.

DNA extraction method selection for agricultural soil using TOPSIS multiple criteria decision-making model

There is an increased interest in the extraction of nucleic acids from various environmental samples since culture-independent molecular techniques contribute to deepen and broaden the understanding of a greater portion of uncultivable microorganisms. Due to difficulties to select the optimum DNA extraction method in view of downstream molecular analyses, this article presents a straightforward mathematical framework for comparing some of the most commonly used methods. Four commercial DNA extraction kits and two physical-chemical methods (bead-beating and freeze-thaw) were compared for the extraction of DNA under several quantitative DNA analysis criteria: yield of extraction, purity of extracted DNA (A260/280 and A260/230 ratios), degradation degree of DNA, easiness of PCR amplification, duration of extraction, and cost per extraction. From a practical point of view, it is unlikely that a single DNA extraction strategy can be optimum for all selected criteria. Hence, a systematic Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was employed to compare the methods. The PowerSoil? DNA Isolation Kit was systematically defined as the best performing method for extracting DNA from soil samples. More specifically, for soil:manure and soil:manure:biochar mixtures, the PowerSoil?DNA Isolation Kit method performed best, while for neat soil samples its alternative version gained the first rank.

The Mode Reform of Cultivating Marketing Talents in Agricultural Vocational Colleges Based on the Perspective of Agricultural Enterprises——A Case Study of Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology

We conduct survey on the characteristics of demand of agricultural enterprises for agricultural marketing talents from the following 6 aspects:the professional marketing talents needed urgently by the agricultural enterprises,the amount of demand of agricultural enterprises for the marketing talents,the jobs offered by the agricultural enterprises,the educational background of agricultural marketing talents favored by the agricultural enterprises,the requirements posed by the agricultural enterprises on the work experience of agricultural marketing talents,and the quality requirements posed by the agricultural enterprises on the agricultural marketing talents.We analyse the problems existing in the cultivation mode of marketing talents in agricultural vocational colleges as follows:the feature of major is not outstanding;the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent;it is disconnected with the practical needs of agricultural enterprises;the cultivation form of practical ability is simple.On the basis of this,taking Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology as an example,we advance the new mode of cultivating inter-disciplinary talents integrating "marketing technique+technique marketing",and establish characteristic agricultural course combo system on the basis of vocational position orientation.In the meantime,we propose that we should conduct close college-enterprise cooperation with the local leading agricultural enterprises.This cultivation mode reform of talents is favorable for the agricultural enterprises,especially small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises to foster "marketable" agricultural marketing talents,elevate the comprehensive competitiveness of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises,serve the local economy,and promote the development of modern agriculture,and China's agriculture,farmer,and countryside.

Application Status and Prospects of Biogas Fertilizer in Modern Agricultural Production

On the basis of introducing the nutrient composition and biogas fertilizer,the effects of biogas fertilizer on soil,crops and environment are summarized. Biogas fertilizer can improve soil structure,increase soil organic matter,available nutrient contents and enzyme activity,increase crop yield,quality and resistance,and relieve the non-point source pollution effectively. The harmlessness,application technology and risk are analyzed. Some suggestions are put forward to control the source pollution,strengthen the research of fermentation technology,define the standard of biogas fertilizer,and carry out large and medium-sized biogas engineering.

A Delphi Approach to the Selection of Good Agricultural Practices （GAPs） for Resilience Enhancement for Dry Land Farmers in North-Western Nigeria

An earlier baseline study （Jellason et al. in preparation） has identified some of the key challenges faced by farmers and from that, appropriate Good Agricultural Practices （GAPs） have been selected for the environment the farmers find themselves in and based on a review of available literature. Farmer action plans for enhancing smallholder resilience, GHGs emission mitigation and food security for these dry lands were developed. Expert opinions on the applicability of the selected GAPs to inform farmer co-learning and to validate the suitability of these practices in a dry land context were sought through the Delphi study. Experts were also invited to offer suggestions for improvement of the training action plan. Two rounds of a modified Delphi survey were carried out with experts from diverse backgrounds and locations across the globe to solicit their opinion. Results show that experts＇ agreement was reached on most of the action plan items. The results and opinions obtained from the survey were reviewed and adapted into the action plan leading to the development of GAPs for the co-learning exercise.

Theory and Practice of Agricultural Eco-engineering in China

Agricultural eco-engineering is not only the important content of eco-agriculture construction, but also the important measure for operating eco-agriculture construction. Applying principle of ecology, and combining the method of systemic engineering with the measure of modern technology, the essential of agriculture ecologic engineering is to build the production mode of using agriculture resource with high effectiveness, and technique system of realizing sustainable development. This article gives an introduction of what the agricultural eco-engineering is and the basic theory and the design principle of agricultural eco-engineering.

莴笋+鲜食玉米轮作模式下高效设施栽培模式探讨

天津市为了有效利用当地独特的地理气候资源,丰富蔬菜供给,提高土地利用率及种植效益,在多年生产实践基础上总结了“莴笋-鲜食玉米-鲜食玉米”和“莴笋—鲜食玉米—莴笋”两种一年多茬的轮作栽培模式,包括作物茬口安排、田间种植管理技术要点、病虫害防治、适时采收等,利用冷棚设施栽培,大大提高土地复种指数,减少病虫害发生,提高种植经济收益。通过2年的试验示范,收到了良好效果,可为京津冀地区发展设施农业种植区提供有益参考。

食品及农产品中黄曲霉毒素产后物理消减技术研究进展

黄曲霉毒素是由曲霉真菌产生的有毒次生代谢物,对人类和动物具有很高的致癌性。食品及农产品中黄曲霉毒素污染是一个长期存在的全球性问题,保障食品及农产品安全对人和动物生命健康具有重要意义。常见消减策略主要分为物理脱毒、化学降解和生物移除3种。物理脱毒是目前食品及农产品领域应用比较广且技术相对成熟的一种手段。综述了近五年物理加工、吸附移除、能量消减等物理消减技术在食品及农产品中黄曲霉毒素的消减研究进展,比较了这些技术在不同基质中的应用效果,同时对每一种技术的消减机制进行了简要概括,最后对未来黄曲霉毒素的消减技术的发展进行了展望。研究为食品及农产品黄曲霉毒素安全、高效、绿色消减提供了一定的参考。

不同栽培基料配比对大球盖菇生长的影响

为研究利用农业废弃物栽培大球盖菇的可行性,以农作物秸秆、废菌包、牛粪等废弃物为主要原料,设置9种不同基料配方栽培大球盖菇,分析比较供试配方栽培的大球盖菇菌丝生长情况、产量及经济效益。结果表明,D_(3)、D_(4)、D_(8)处理的菌丝生长较好、出菇快、产量高、经济效益好。综合分析,在生产中推荐“玉米秸秆+谷壳+玉米芯+废弃菌包+牛粪”的基料配比组合,可以实现经济效益最大化。

核技术在农业上应用现状和展望

近二十年来,核技术应用已经融入农业科学研究和农业生产实践的各个方面,在某些领域是唯一和不可替代的技术手段。该综述全面概述了目前全世界核技术在农业主要领域应用的最新进展及其主要成就。着重介绍了核技术在动物生产和健康、食品安全及控制、植物诱变育种和遗传、水土管理及农业环境以及害虫防治等领域的应用现状和创新发展趋势。针对世界农业所面临的诸多全球性严峻挑战,作者探讨并展示了核技术在农业上的应用前景及其优先发展的战略方向。

Implications of agricultural success in the Yellow River Basin and its strategy for green development

The Yellow River Basin is an important food production area and an ecological challenge for China, where environmental protection and water scarcity are the major constraints. For the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin,optimizing the adoption of chemicals in agricultural production and integrating crops with livestock are the key strategies for protecting the eco-environment.For dryland agriculture in the middle and upper reaches, this study summarizes four aspects of efficient precipitation techniques in terms of collection,storage, conservation, and use, which have greatly improved crop yields and supported dryland crop production. Irrigated agriculture in the middle and lower reaches is the core area of China's grain production, where the area under water-saving irrigation reached 13.0 Mha in 2018, greatly improving water use. Compared with 1998, cereal production in 2018 increased by 62.2 Mt under similar total water withdrawals(49.7 billion to 51.6 billion m~3),and the annual soil erosion at the Tongguan Hydrological Observatory reduced by 584 million m~3 in 2018, achieving great success in environmental protection and efficient water use. The Chinese government has set a goal for the Yellow River Basin to become the national leader in environmental protection and efficient water use by 2035. Such a high demand requires the combined efforts of the whole community, as well as the adoption of new technologies,coordinated basin-wide development, and adequate policy support.

数字经济驱动中国式农业农村现代化——理论机制与路径选择

数字经济如何驱动中国式农业农村现代化是数字时代的现实命题。运用扎根理论对文本资料进行三级编码,构建数字经济驱动中国式农业农村现代化的理论模型,解构内在驱动机理。研究发现,数字经济通过数字技术、数据要素、数字信息、数字平台和数字空间驱动中国式农业农村现代化。研究结论有助于丰富数字经济驱动中国式农业农村现代化的内在机理。

Review of the detasseling techniques for maize(Zea mays L.)hybrid seed production

Maize(Zea mays L.)is a critical staple crop globally,integral to human consumption,food security,and agricultural product stability.The quality and purity of maize seeds,essential for hybrid seed production,are contingent upon effective detasseling.This study investigates the evolution of detasseling technologies and their application in Chinese maize hybrid seed production,with a comparative analysis against the United States.A comprehensive examination of the development and utilization of detasseling technology in Chinese maize hybrid seed production was undertaken,with a specific focus on key milestones.Data from the United States were included for comparative purposes.The analysis encompassed various detasseling methods,including manual,semi-mechanized,and cytoplasmic male sterility,as well as more recent innovations such as detasseling machines,and the emerging field of intelligent detasseling driven by unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),computer vision,and mechanical arms.Mechanized detasseling methods were predominantly employed by America.Despite the challenges of inflexible and occasionally overlooked,applying detasseling machines is efficient and reliable.At present,China’s detasseling operations in hybrid maize seed production are mainly carried out by manual work,which is labor-intensive and inefficient.In order to address this issue,China is dedicated to developing intelligent detasseling technology.This study emphasizes the critical role of detasseling in hybrid maize seed production.The United States has embraced mechanized detasseling.The application and development of manual and mechanized detasseling were applied later than those in the United States,but latest intelligent detasseling technologies first appeared in China.Intelligent detasseling is expected to be the future direction,ensuring the quality and efficiency of hybrid maize seed production,with implications for global food security.

食用农产品农药残留检测技术的应用及优化研究

农产品的质量安全直接影响人体健康,其中的农药残留问题引起了人们的广泛关注。通过有效的检测技术可以了解食用农产品中农药残留量的情况。因此,本文总结了食用农产品残留检测技术的应用现状,并提出了食用农产品残留检测技术的优化措施,旨在为食用农产品残留检测技术的进一步完善提供理论参考。

数字技术赋能农业企业自主创新能力提升的路径研究

企业要想在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地,就需要不断提升自主创新能力,而数字技术的发展为企业自主创新能力的提升提供了巨大的帮助。在梳理企业自主创新能力提升相关文献的基础上,以数字技术为背景,聚焦农业企业,探究数字技术对企业自主创新能力提升的内在机制。基于此,本研究采用全局因子分析法和SEM结构方程模型对2012—2021年48家农业上市企业进行实证分析,通过对2017年前后农业企业自主创新能力水平进行对比,推断数字技术的广泛应用对其具有提升作用,之后通过路径系数分析研究得到数字技术赋能营业成本率、发明专利授权数、注册商标数、企业对自主创新的重视程度有利于农业企业自主创新能力水平的提升,并提出了数字技术赋能农业企业自主创新能力提升的有效路径。