Waterproofing Technology of Underground Subway Tunnels

The waterproof construction of subway tunnels is a crucial and challenging aspect of subway tunnel engineering.Mastering excellent waterproof construction technology is essential to ensure that the construction meets design requirements and guarantees the safe operation of subway lines.This paper focuses on discussing waterproof construction technology for subway station tunnels.By analyzing the main methods and techniques of underground tunnel construction,as well as the key techniques and difficulties of waterproofing construction,this paper examines the waterproofing construction project of Guangzhou Metro Culture Park Station as a case study.It analyzes the methods,quality management practices,and safety management strategies applied in the project.This paper serves as a reference for tunnel engineering design and construction units in our country,offering insights into effective waterproof construction techniques for subway tunnels.

Preparation and Performance Study of Cementitious Capillary Crystalline Waterproof Materials

Cementitious capillary crystalline waterproof materials(CCCW for short)offer durability and excellent waterproofing properties,making them a popular option for building waterproofing.Some scholars have studied the proportioning of such materials.However,these studies lack the relationship between the impermeability pressure of mortar and the components,and the mechanism of action is somewhat debatable.Therefore,we adopted a two-step method in our experiments.Firstly,we screened out the components that significantly impact impermeability from a variety of active components by orthogonal test.We then optimized the design of the active group ratio using the simplex lattice method.Lastly,we conducted a performance test of the optimal ratio and explored the waterproofing mechanism of homemade CCCW.

Comparative Analysis of Tunnel Seepage Field under Different Waterproof and Drainage System Using Analytical Methods

Tunnel seepage is an important factor affecting the progress and safety of tunnel construction. In this paper, the mining method tunnel construction in the water-rich weathered granite stratum is taken as the research object. Through the analytical calculation method, the distribution law of tunnel seepage field under different waterproof and drainage types is studied, and the comparative analysis is carried out. According to the analytical solution, the influencing factors of grouting parameters are proposed. The sensitivity of the tunnel seepage field to the variation of grouting parameters is analyzed. A novel waterproof and drainage system, and construction technology suitable for subway tunnels with large buried depth below groundwater level were proposed.

Elastic Bio-based Polyurethane Nanofibrous Membrane with Robust Waterproof and Breathable Properties

Elastic bio-based waterproof and breathable membranes(EBWBMs) allow the passage of water vapor effectively and resist the penetration of liquid water,making it ideal for use under extreme conditions.In this study,we used a facile strategy to design the bio-based polyurethane(PU) nanofibrous membranes with the nanoscale porous structure to provide the membranes with high waterproof and breathable performances.The optimization of nanofibrous membrane formation was accomplished by controlling the relative ambient humidity to modulate the cooperating effects of charge dissipation and non-solvent-induced phase separation.The obtained EBWBMs showed multiple functional properties,with a hydrostatic pressure of 86.41 kPa and a water vapor transmission(WVT) rate of 10.1 kg·m^(-2)·d^(-1).After 1 000 cycles of stretching at 40% strain,the EBWBMs retained over 59% of the original maximum stress and exhibited an ideal elasticity recovery ratio of 85%.Besides,even after 80% deformation,the EBWBMs still maintained a hydrostatic pressure of 30.65 kPa and a WVT rate of 13.6 kg·m^(-2)·d^(-1),suggesting that bio-based PU nanofibrous membranes could be used for protection under extreme conditions.

Novel protection systems for the improvement in soil and water stability of expansive soil slopes

To improve the soil and water stability of expansive soil slopes and reduce the probability of slope failure,novel protection systems based on polymer waterproof coatings(PWC)were used in this study.Herein,three groups of expansive soil slope model tests were designed to investigate the effects of polyester nonwovens and PWC(P-PWC)composite protection system,three-dimensional vegetation network and PWC(T-PWC)composite protection system,and nonprotection on the soil and water behavior in the slopes under precipitation–evaporation cycles.The results showed that the moisture change of P-PWC and T-PWC composite protected slopes was significantly smaller than that of bare slope,which reduced the sensitivity of slope moisture to environmental changes and improved its stability.The soil temperature of the slope protected by the P-PWC and T-PWC systems at a depth of 70 cm increased by 5.6℃ and 2.7℃,respectively.Using PWC composite protection systems exhibited better thermal storage performance,which could increase the utilization of shallow geothermal resources.Moreover,the maximum average crack widths of the bare slopes were 7.89 and 3.17 times those of the P-PWC and TPWC protected slopes,respectively,and the maximum average crack depths were 6.87 and 3 times those of the P-PWC and T-PWC protected slopes,separately.The PPWC protection system weakened the influence of hydro–thermal coupling on the slopes,inhibited the development of cracks on the slopes,and reduced the soil erosion.The maximum soil erosion of slopes protected by P-PWC and T-PWC systems was 332 and 164 times lower than that of bare slope,respectively.The P-PWC and T-PWC protection systems achieved excellent"anti-seepage and moisture retention"and anti-erosion effects,thus improving the soil and water stability of slopes.These findings can provide important guiding reference for controlling rainwater infiltration and soil erosion in expansive soil slope projects.

裂封综合防水技术在屋面防水中的应用

面对如今众多的屋面场景,防水工程在建筑中的重要性越来越受到关注。传统防水构造在长期使用中容易出现老化、龟裂等问题,导致防水效果下降。基于此,需要一种更为高效、耐用的防水解决方案,而裂封综合防水技术可以很好地解决这一难题,它凭借独特的优势和特点,正逐步展露头角,成为防水工程领域的一股新势力。以枣庄学院图书馆种植屋面施工为背景,介绍该防水系统的施工应用及技术要点,期待能够为建筑行业防水施工开辟新方向。

国家游泳中心冬奥会冰壶场馆改造项目屋面天沟整修工程施工

基于国家游泳中心冬奥会冰壶场馆改造项目屋面天沟防水保温整修工程的应用实践,介绍了KEE防水卷材复合PMMA防水防腐涂料在暴露面应用的具体施工做法。该屋面天沟保温固定采用创新卡件,无需穿透天沟钢板;钢板接缝、落水斗、保温分仓等节点采用自粘EPDM防水卷材作加强处理;外层新设KEE防水卷材作为主防水层与原有PVC防水卷材搭接,PMMA防水防腐涂料加强封边,避免需拆除膜结构方可收口的困扰。

A Review of Innovative Design Strategies for Prefabricated Green Buildings

Prefabricated green buildings are becoming a trend in the construction industry of China.The prefabricated components are made using modern technologies like green materials,artificial intelligence,and low-carbon and energy-saving techniques.This makes them an important aspect of the development of the construction industry in China,representing modernization and sustainable development.This article presents a study on the innovative design of prefabricated green buildings.This article serves to promote sustainable development on a macro level.

建筑斜屋面抗滑移系统施工工艺研究——以某大型公共建筑项目为例

随着我国各地对绿色建筑施工的要求逐渐提高,其设计施工及验收逐渐成为总承包施工单位的一个重难点。当公共建筑占地面积自有绿化率不满足设计规范要求或地区有其他公共建筑设计要求时,种植屋面的出现很大程度上缓解了设计单位这一压力。通过研究并采取种植斜屋面这一新技术,辅以更简单、快捷、经济实惠的施工方案,在有效解决当前绿化空间短缺的同时,大大提升土地的使用价值,进一步优化居民的居住条件,并且具有良好的保温、隔热、隔音和防渗等多重功能。

柴达木盆地红旗沟-深水潭金矿防治水对策

对五龙沟矿区红旗沟-深水潭金矿工业场地分布、排水系统现状、水文地质条件等情况进行研究,分析工业场地选址、矿床开采的保护与检测措施、排土场布置等设施的安全可靠性。采用大井法和比拟法计算矿山所需总排水量,按照相关规范标准改进设计排土场排水截洪沟和各采区的井下防排水系统,并对排水沟排水能力进行验算,科学合理提出地表及井下突发涌水的防治措施,有助于预防发生矿井透水等矿山安全生产事故,保障矿山安全生产施工作业。

住宅类建筑深基坑围护结构体系设计和施工方法研究

在建筑行业发展过程中,住宅建筑作为常见类型之一,一直是社会发展的重点关注的话题之一,要求相关人员加强对其的重视。而在住宅建筑建造过程中,随着住宅建筑高度不断增加,深基坑逐渐成为施工的重要一环,要求从业人员在对深基坑围护结构进行分析的基础上,掌握其特点以及结构设计的要求,并且结合深基坑的作业需要,合理地进行体系设计,制定针对性的施工方法,以保证深基坑的施工质量,推动现阶段住宅建筑的发展。

环保型仲胺扩链剂在双组分聚脲防水涂料中的应用

仲胺扩链剂是双组分聚脲防水涂料配方体系中的关键原材料,其分子结构中的位阻基团可有效降低反应活性、改善操作性,提高配方容忍度,同时改善材料性能。本文重点介绍了3类环保型液体仲胺扩链剂在双组分喷涂聚脲防水涂料(芳香族、脂肪族)、双组分涂刷聚脲防水涂料(天冬聚脲、新型、黏弹型)共5个不同配方体系中的应用。

PVC卷材满粘屋面系统在榆林职业技术学院体育馆项目中的应用

榆林职业技术学院体育馆项目的主体结构为椭圆形单层双曲面网壳结构和长方形双曲面管桁架结构,屋面坡度大,外形独特复杂,其防水系统的设计、选材与施工尤为关键,本文详细描述了西卡满粘屋面系统的特点以及在该项目上的应用,为大跨度大坡度空间双曲面斜交网壳结构的异型屋面工程设计与施工提供参考。

Application of New Concept Waterproofing in Xiang'an Undersea Tunnel,China

As a kind of transportation mode for crossing channels, undersea tunnel has incomparable advantages for its directness, convenience, fastness, insusceptibility to weather conditions, and smaller influences on environments. In recent years, with the development of undersea tunnel construction, the design and construction technologies have been greatly enhanced. The first undersea tunnel in China has just been built. Waterproofing is the key technique of undersea tunneling. A new concept of waterproofing scheme of grouting, sealing, draining and divided sections was adopted in the construction of the tunnel based on the researches, the in-situ geological features, the astuteness of the current technology and the cost of construction. The structural details of the sealing and draining system are introduced to illustrate the salient features of the new waterproofing technique. It is hoped that experiences described in the paper can offer guidance for the construction of the extensive undersea tunnels in the coming years.

Fabrication of Waterproof Artificial Compound Eyes with Variable Field of View Based on the Bioinspiration from Natural Hierarchical Micro–Nanostructures

Planar and curved microlens arrays(MLAs)are the key components of miniaturized microoptical systems.In order to meet the requirements for advanced and multipurpose applications in microoptical field,a simple manufacturing method is urgently required for fabricating MLAs with unique properties,such as waterproofness and variable field-of-view(FOV)imaging.Such properties are beneficial for the production of advanced artificial compound eyes for the significant applications in complex microcavity environments with high humidity,for instance,miniature medical endoscopy.However,the simple and effective fabrication of advanced artificial compound eyes still presents significant challenges.In this paper,bioinspired by the natural superhydrophobic surface of lotus leaf,we propose a novel method for the fabrication of waterproof artificial compound eyes.Electrohydrodynamic jet printing was used to fabricate hierarchical MLAs and nanolens arrays(NLAs)on polydimethylsiloxane film.The flexible film of MLAs hybridized with NLAs exhibited excellent superhydrophobic property with a water contact angle of 158°.The MLAs film was deformed using a microfluidics chip to create artificial compound eyes with variable FOV,which ranged from 0°to 160°.

Synthesizing Self-Crosslinking Waterborne Polyurethane-Silanol Dispersion for Waterproofing Application

Polyurethane dispersions (PUD) have diversified into a myriad of applications over the years. This has led to extensive research on both industrial and laboratory fronts as polyurethane dispersions provide liberty to interplay at the molecular level to diversify the properties of the product which has also led to the development of eco-friendly waterborne dispersions. Yet, waterborne PUDs are limited in their mechanical and physical properties as compared to solvent-based products. The incorporation of crosslinkers in the PUD further bolsters these properties thus improving water and solvent resistance. The incorporation of silanols increases solvent resistance and adhesion of the resultant PUD. In this work, a post crosslinking system based on the ketone-hydrazine mechanism was incorporated into the PUD thus providing the required structural reinforcement for construction application. The targeted application for this work is the use of PUDs for waterproofing.

A Research on the Behavior of a Polyurethane Polymer Waterproof Material Used in Bridge Geotechnical Applications

Polyurethane is enjoying a widespread use as a polymer-based waterproof material in civil engineering In the present study we consider a temperature-sensitive waterproof and moisture-permeable polyurethane material(PTPE-PU)characterized by one or more phase transition temperatures(critical temperatures).Near the critical temperature,the waterproof and moisture permeability of polyurethane undergo abrupt changes.The related stability,thermal performance,water resistance,hydrostatic pressure,and moisture permeability are investigated here considering a PTPE-PU traditionally used in bridge geotechnical engineering.The results show that the moisture permeability of the coated bridge rock and soil undergo sudden variations near the crystallization and melting temperature of the soft segment.The moisture permeability is 3000 g/(m^(2)d).The hydrostatic pressure of the coated bridge rock and soil is 3.5 kPa.

Waterproof and Oil Repellent Treatments of Cotton Fabric

The waterproof and oil-repellent finishing of the dyed single-sided plain cotton fabric was carried out by two-dip and two-pad process. The influences of baking temperature (°C), baking time (min), concentration of finishing solution (g/L) and percentage of liquid on waterproof effect of fabric were analyzed;the influences of the contact angle and the baking temperature (°C), the baking time (min) and the concentration of the finishing agent (g/L) on the oil repellency of the fabric were investigated. The results showed that the best water-repellent finishing technology for cotton fabric was the concentration of finishing agent 30 g/L, the baking temperature 110°C, the baking time 1.5 min and the liquid-uptake 70%. The best oil-repellent finishing process for cotton fabric is 35 g/L for finishing agent, 150°C for baking temperature, and 1.5 min for baking time and pick up rate of 80%. After cotton fabric is treated with water-repellent and oil-repellent agent, the water-repellent contact angle of the fabric can reach 128°and the oil-repellent grade 6. The best finishing effect is obtained at this time. After the finishing agent acts on the surface of the fibre, the surface properties of the fibre can be changed, and the surface of the fibre can be changed from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. The finishing agent has good film-forming property, which makes the surface of cotton fibre smooth and has good waterproof and oil-repellent performance.

Present Situation and Problems Analysis of Waterproof and Seal of Prefabricated Building Exterior Wall

With the continuous development and progress of China's social economy,the construction speed of our construction industry is also accelerating.Compared with the traditional cast-in-place reinforced concrete and masonry building,it has been unable to meet the requirements of the construction industry and the development of the times.Because the prefabricated building has the advantages of fast speed,water saving,land saving,noise reduction,material saving and energy saving in installation.Compared with traditional buildings,the prefabricated building is more energy efficient and practical.Therefore,the new type of precast assembly architecture is constantly highlighted and has become the mainstream of the development of the future construction industry.However,the technology started late in China,and the immature technology and imperfect supporting standards led to slow progress and even stagnation in China's construction industry.Through the analysis of the present situation and problems of the waterproof and sealing of the prefabricated building exterior walls,the suggestions for the healthy development of the construction industry in China are put forward in time.

Chongqing Sino-Australia Waterproof Material Co.,Ltd

China West International Holdings Limited is an Australian listed company.It specialized in in- dustrial investments in construction materials,energy development,infrastructure,etc.At present, China west International Holdings Limited wholly controls Yuan Construction and sale of common Portland cement,limestone mining,etc.,also controls advanced technology companies.Wholly owns Chongqing Sino-Australia Waterproof Material Co.,Ltd.