Numerical Simulations of Wave Impact Forces on the Open-Type Sea Access Road Using A Two-Phase SPH Model

A numerical study based on a two-dimensional two-phase SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics)model to analyze the action of water waves on open-type sea access roads is presented.The study is a continuation of the analyses presented by Chen et al.(2022),in which the sea access roads are semi-immersed.In this new configuration,the sea access roads are placed above the still water level,therefore the presence of the air phase becomes a relevant issue in the determination of the wave forces acting on the structures.Indeed,the comparison of wave forces on the open-type sea access roads obtained from the single and two-phase SPH models with the experimental results shows that the latter are in much better agreement.So in the numerical simulations,a two-phaseδ-SPH model is adopted to investigate the dynamical problems.Based on the numerical results,the maximum horizontal and uplifting wave forces acting on the sea access roads are analyzed by considering different wave conditions and geometries of the structures.In particular,the presence of the girder is analyzed and the differences in the wave forces due to the air cushion effects which are created below the structure are highlighted.

Simulation of Wave Impact on a Horizontal Deck Based on SPH Method

A numerical model was established for simulating wave impact on a horizontal deck by an improved incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH). As a grid-less particle method, the ISPH method has been widely used in the free-surface hydrodynamic flows with good accuracy. The improvement includes the employment of a corrective function for enhancement of angular momentum conservation in a particle-based calculation and a new estimation method to predict the pressure on the horizontal deck. The simulation results show a good agreement with the experiment. The present numerical model can be used to study wave impact load on the horizontal deck.

Vibrating-Sliding Motion of Caisson Breakwaters Under Various Breaking Wave Impact Forces

Sliding is one of the principal failure types of caisson breakwaters and is an essential content of stability examination in caisson breakwater design. Herein, the mass-spring-dashpot model of caisson-base system is used to simulate the vibrating-sliding motion of the caisson under various types of breaking wave impact forces, i.e., single peak impact force, double peak impact force, and shock-damping oscillation impact force. The effects of various breaking wave impacts and the sliding motion on the dynamic response behaviors of caisson breakwaters are investigated and the calculation of relevant system parameters is discussed. It is shown that the dynamic responses of the caisson are significantly different under different types of breaking wave impact forces even when the amplitudes of impact forces are equal. The amplitude of dynamic response of the caisson is lower under single peak impact excitation than that under double peak impact or shock-damping oscillation impact excitation. Though the displacement of the caisson is large due to sliding, the rotation, the sliding force and the overturning moment of the caisson are significantly reduced.

Simulation of Wave Impact on Three-Dimensional Horizontal Plate Based on SPH Method

An improved three-dimensional incompressible smooth particle hydrodynamics(ISPH)model is developed to simulate the impact of regular wave on a horizontal plate.The improvement is the employment of a corrective function to enhance angular momentum conservation in a particle-based calculation.And a new estimation method is proposed to predict the pressure on the horizontal plate.Then,the model simulates the variation characteristics of impact pressures generated by regular wave slamming.The main features of velocity field and pressure field near the plate are presented.The present numerical model can be used to study wave impact load on the horizontal plate.

Comparative Study of Different SPH Schemes on Simulating Violent Water Wave Impact Flows

Free surface flows are of significant interest in Computational Fluid Dynamics（CFD）. However, violent water wave impact simulation especially when free surface breaks or impacts on solid wall can be a big challenge for many CFD techniques. Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics（SPH） has been reported as a robust and reliable method for simulating violent free surface flows. Weakly compressible SPH（WCSPH） uses an equation of state with a large sound speed, and the results of the WCSPH can induce a noisy pressure field and spurious oscillation of pressure in time history for wave impact problem simulation. As a remedy, the truly incompressible SPH（ISPH） technique was introduced, which uses a pressure Poisson equation to calculate the pressure. Although the pressure distribution in the whole field obtained by ISPH is smooth, the stability of the techniques is still an open discussion. In this paper, a new free surface identification scheme and solid boundary handling method are introduced to improve the accuracy of ISPH. This modified ISPH is used to study dam breaking flow and violent tank sloshing flows. On the comparative study of WCSPH and ISPH, the accuracy and efficiency are assessed and the results are compared with the experimental data.

Classification and Comparison of Wave Impact Modes on Semi-Submersibles

Semi-submersibles for offshore oil exploration and exploitation often suffer from severe wave impacts in extreme ocean environments.Owing to the complex wave interactions among structural components of semi-submersibles,in-depth analyses on the characteristics of wave impact events are of significance for both industry and academia.An experimental study was carried out to investigate the local wave impact loads on a semi-submersible,with focus on understanding the wave impacts by identifying typical impact modes.Quantitative criteria are proposed to classify major wave impacts on the semi-submersible into six modes and two types.The results show that the classification is reasonable and provides valuable information for studying wave impacts on semi-submersibles.The incident wave characteristics at the fore column of the semi-submersible have important influence on the wave impact mode.The fore-column dominating wave impacts exert the most intense loads on the fore column and feature well-developed breaking waves or slightly breaking waves at the fore column.However,the aft-column dominating wave impacts exert the most intense loads on the aft column or the deck bottom and feature non-breaking waves at the fore column.Energy loss during the fore-column impact weakens the impact severity on the aft column in the fore-column dominating wave impacts.The shoaling effect of the submerged pontoon and different motion configurations of the platform result in higher occurrence rate of the aft-column dominating wave impacts.Different impact modes are also distinguished by different spatial distributions of wave impact loads.

Modelling Solitary Waves and Its Impact on Coastal Houses with SPH Method

The interaction between solid structures and free-surface flows is investigated in this study. A Smoothed Particle Hy- drodynamics （SPH） model is used in the investigation and is verified against analytical solutions and experimental obser- vations. The main aim is to examine the effectiveness of a tsunami-resistant house design by predicting the wave loads on it. To achieve this, the solitary wave generation and ran-up are studied first. The solitary wave is generated by allowing a heavily weighted block to penetrate into a tank of water at one end, and the near-shore seabed is modelled by an inclined section with a constant slope. Then, the SPH model is applied to simulate the three-dimensional flows around different types of houses under the action of a solitary wave. It has been found that the tsunami-resistant house design reduces the impact force by a factor of three.

STEADY STATE RESPONSE ANALYSIS ON HELICAL SPRING IMPACTED BY SHORT WAVE

The wave transmission character of helical spring is applied to establish 2-DOF model of impacted vehicle on the wave impact theory. Considering the concrete structure of helical spring, corresponding responses under different impact frequency of the vehicle are imitated. The reason why the vehicle floor overresponds in some special frequency fields is explored based on analyzing the responses. When the impactions are in low frequency, the change of the spring has not been considered, but this does not affect the results. Because the transmission characters of velocity and acceleration are unanimous in helical spring, the responses characters of velocity and acceleration arc also unanimous, the only difference is the magnitude, which can make use of acceleration responses to analyse velocity responses.

Modeling on the shock wave in spheres hypervelocity impact on flat plates

In hypervelocity impacts of projectiles into thin flat targets,shock initiation and interaction dominate the responses of projectiles and targets,and especially dominate the features of the debris cloud.To estimate the geometric features of the wave front during the first complete propagation in the sphericalprojectile,the Geometric Propagation Model(GPM)is built in this paper to describe the geometry of the shock wave front,which proposes an ellipse contour as a function of time and equivalent speed.The GPM identifies the geometric features of the wave front as a function of time and impact velocity successfully.Combined with the GPM and SPH simulation,the shock pressure distribution and attenuation in the spherical-projectile have been obtained.Meanwhile,the attenuation of shock pressure and speed are presented as a function of impact velocity,respectively,and a method for obtaining the equivalent speed of the shock wave is proposed by the GPM.The GPM may be applicable to hypervelocity events involving any monolithic materials as long as the equivalent speed could be supplied from numerical simulation.The GPM proposed in this paper and the corresponding shock wave analysis provide a new insight into the processes of the quantitative analysis of the initiation of the debris cloud.

Impact Pressure of Incident Regular Waves and Irregular Waves on the Subface of Open-Piled Structures

This paper presents the results of comparison of impact pressures on open-plied structures induced by regular waves and irregular waves in a laboratory channel. Regular waves with wave heights ranging from 0.1～0.2 m and periods ranging from 1.0～2.0 s are tested. The target spectrum for the irregular wave is JONSWAP spectrum. Irregular waves with significant wave heights in the range of 0.10～0.25 m and peak periods in the range of 1.0～2.0 s are tested. The relative clearance s/H 1/3(H) is between -0.1 and 0.4, s being the subface level of structure model above the still water level. Time series of impact pressure are analyzed to indicate whether the property of impact pressures induced by the regular wave significantly deviates from that by the irregular wave. The distribution of the impact pressure along the underside of the structure is compared for different types of incident waves. The effects of wave parameters, structure dimension and structure clearance on the impact pressure are also discussed.

Study on Nonlinear Coupling Wave Model for Liquid Droplet-Solid Impact

In order to investigate the material corrosion by liquid droplet solid impact, a nonlinear coupling wave model adopted to analyze the impact between the spherical liquid droplet and an elastic solid plane has been developed. Many usable results such as the dimensionless pressure in the contact plane of liquid solid and inside the liquid droplet, the equivalent stress distribution inside the solid, the effect of solid elasticity on the impact, and the locations of the maximum equivalent stress in different...

A DAMAGE ACCUMULATING MODELING OF FAILURE WAVES IN GLASS UNDER HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT

The failure wave phenomenon was interpreted in glass media under the high velocity impact with the stress levels below the Hugoniot elastic limit. In view of the plate impact experimental observations a damage-accumulating model predominated by the deviatoric stress impulse was proposed while Heaviside function was adopted in the damage-accumulating model to describe the failure delay in the interior of Materials. Features of the failure layer and propagation mechanism as well as their dynamic characteristics were further presented. The reduction in failure wave propagation speed is pointed out as the reflected rarefaction waves reflect again from the failure layer boundary.

PROGRESSIVE FRACTURE MODELING OF THE FAILURE WAVE IN IMPACTED GLASS

The failure wave has been observed propagating in glass under impact loading since 1991. It is a continuous fracture zone which may be associated with the damage accumulation process during the propagation of shock waves. A progressive fracture model was proposed to describe the failure wave formation and propagation in shocked glass considering its heterogeneous meso-structures. The original and. nucleated microcracks will expand along the pores and other defects with concomitant dilation when shock loading is below the Hugoniot Elastic Limit. The governing equation of the failure wave is characterized by inelastic bulk strain with material damage and fracture. And the inelastic bulk strain consists of dilatant strain from nucleation and expansion of microcracks and condensed strain from the collapse of the original pores. Numerical simulation of the free surface velocity was performed and found in good agreement with planar impact experiments on K9 glass at China Academy of Engineering Physics. And the longitudinal, lateral and shear stress histories upon the arrival of the failure wave were predicted, which present the diminished shear strength and lost spall strength in the failed layer.

Global structure stability of impact-induced tensile waves in phase-transforming materials

The global structure stability of the impact-induced tensile waves mentioned by Huang （Huang, S. J. Impact-induced tensile waves in a kind of phase-transforming materials. IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics, 76, 847-858 （2011）） is considered. By introducing Riemann invariants, the governing equations of motion are reduced into a 2 ~ 2 diagonally strictly hyperbolic system. Then, with the aid of the theory on the typical free boundary problem and maximally dissipative kinetics, the global structure stability of the impact-induced tensile waves propagating in a phase-transforming material is proved.

混凝土梁尾波信号环境噪声对照补偿法

为推进超声尾波技术在混凝土结构检测中的应用,研究了环境干扰引起的混凝土梁超声尾波信号特征噪声并提出噪声补偿方法。开展了自然环境下的混凝土梁超声试验,提出平移缩放旋转多特征算法,将尾波信号的波速、频率、幅值特征以时间平移、时轴缩放、向量旋转3种参数形式进行分析。通过两试件超声对照试验,对尾波环境噪声进行补偿,并与尾波干涉法信号降噪结果进行对比,验证本文方法的有效性。结果表明:温度是尾波环境噪声的主要来源,湿度为次要来源;本文方法对尾波信号的降噪效果可达到91%以上,显著优于尾波干涉法;通过对照试件特征参数的噪声补偿可达到90%水平。研究结果可为提高尾波信号稳定性提供研究方法与试验基础。

高静压下长杆中轴向应力波衰减研究

针对用于非常规页岩油开发的可控冲击波设备负载推送杆,该文提出了一种可用于高静压环境的内置吸收杆应力波衰减结构,基于LSDYAN软件与简化Johnson-Cook本构模型,开展了推送杆中应力波衰减规律的数值模拟研究。首先,基于试验数据对材料模型参数及数值算法的可靠性进行验证,在此基础上计算了不同外部环境、不同载荷参数及不同吸收杆参数对应力波衰减效果的影响。研究结果表明:外部是否存在静压对吸收杆的应力波吸收效果无显著影响,但静压会在空腔区造成部分应力集中,在50 MPa外压力下内壁等效集中应力峰值可达100 MPa;吸收杆对应力波能量的吸收效果取决于其脱离壁面前注入其中的能量;在载荷参数适配的条件下,通过串接多个吸收杆结构可以增加对应力波的衰减效果。研究结果可为水下高静压环境下的结构抗冲击防护设计提供指导与参考。

PROGRESSIVE FRAGMENT MODELING OF FAILURE WAVE IN CERAMICS UNDER PLANAR IMPACT LOADING

Polycrystalline ceramics have heterogeneous meso-structures which result in high singularity in stress distribution. Based on this, a progressive fragment model was proposed which describes the failure wave formation and propagation in shocked ceramics. The governing equation of the failure wave was characterized by inelastic bulk strain with material damage and fracture. And the inelastic bulk strain consists of dilatant strain from nucleation and expansion of microcracks and condensed strain from collapse of original pores. Numerical simulation of the free surface velocity was performed in good agreement with planar impact experiments on 92.93% aluminas at China Academy of Engineering Physics. And the longitudinal, lateral and shear stress histories upon the arrival of the failure wave were predicted, which present the diminished shear strength and lost spall strength in the failed layer.

雷电冲击下土体应力及弹塑性界面时程分析

雷电作为自然界一种极端天气的表现形式,常给地基、地面、高耸建筑等造成严重破坏。工程防雷措施依赖于土体雷电冲击特性。现阶段,研究人员大多从电气工程角度探究雷电冲击土体造成的危害,但因学科间的差异与局限,雷电作用下岩土工程与电气工程的交叉融合方面的研究十分欠缺。本文构建土体雷电冲击模型,基于电弧通道能量平衡方程计算雷电放电产生的冲击波压力,将冲击波压力作为外加荷载作用在土体中,并通过修正Mohr-Coulomb屈服准则考虑动荷载下土体应变硬化,利用土体的理想锁定状态方程(Idealized Locked Equation of State)和动态扩孔方法考虑冲击波非稳态加载,探究雷电冲击下土体的弹塑性界面及应力时程变化规律。研究表明:在雷电冲击下,土体应力随时间变化呈现先陡增后迅速衰减的趋势,应力突变点表明土体此时正处于弹塑性交界面;在应力突变点之前,土体附加应力趋于0,处于弹性状态。任一时刻下,随着逐渐远离雷电冲击点,土体应力呈现迅速衰减的趋势,应力发生突变骤降表明此处土体正处于弹塑性交界面;在突变点之后土体附加应力趋于0,处于弹性状态。土体压缩系数对土体的弹塑性界面变化具有显著影响,随着压缩指标增大,土体塑性区半径逐渐减小;随着土体黏聚力逐渐增大,土体塑性区半径逐渐减小;增大土体弹性模量可以增大土体塑性区半径,但变化幅度相对较小;电流波形对土体塑性区中的应力会产生较大影响,而对土体弹性区影响较小。

海洋结构物波浪砰击的数值研究综述

波浪砰击是发生在波浪与结构物之间的一种强非线性相互作用,其载荷通常具有峰值大、作用时间短的特点.近年来,海上极端环境导致海洋结构物经常遭受严重的波浪砰击,造成生命和财产损失,从而使得波浪砰击问题备受重视.对于复杂的砰击过程,理论分析和模型实验仅能给出砰击载荷的简化解析解及有限的砰击流场信息,数值模拟逐渐成为研究波浪砰击问题的有效手段.目前,国内外学者已经对海洋结构物的波浪砰击载荷特性、砰击作用过程及其影响因素等问题开展了大量的数值研究,并获得了许多重要的研究结论.针对海洋结构物波浪砰击的数值研究进展、现有方法及重要结论进行综述,为波浪砰击数值模拟的进一步研究提供有益参考.

爆炸冲击波作用后变形机翼模态数值模拟

为研究典型机翼在爆炸冲击波作用下的毁伤效应及其损伤后的结构动力学特性,基于有限元方法,研究了爆炸当量、爆炸方位及爆炸距离等对典型机翼损伤程度的影响,并分析了机翼结构变形程度与模态的关系。研究结果表明:冲击波强度和作用位置的变化对机翼结构的损伤及模态频率会产生不同程度的影响;随着冲击波强度的增加,机翼结构越早产生变形,对应的各阶模态频率下降越大,其中,二阶频率最大减少了15.02%;爆炸点位于机翼中心正上方时,机翼的变形最大;与无损伤机翼模态固有频率相比,爆炸冲击波作用在机翼中心位置时,各阶模态频率减小幅度最大,减少幅度为8.29%~15.02%。