Bispectrum and asymmetry of wave shape

on the definition and concept introduced in this paper, the theoretical expareion of surface slope bispectrum for two-dimensional waves is derived. Furthermore,the skewness of surface elevation distribution and that of surface slope distribution are respectively employed to define the up-down and front-back asymmetry of a wavee hape so that the relations between bispectrum and skewness are proposed. Through these relations, the updownand front-back asymmetry of the wave shape can be quantitatively determined by means of the bispectral analyses of observed wave data.

Effect of wave shaper on reactive materials jet formation and its penetration performance

Wave shaper effect on formation behavior and penetration performance of reactive liner shaped charge(RLSC)are investigated by experiments and simulations.The reactive materials liner with a density of2.3 g/cm^3 is fabricated by cold pressing at a pressure of 300 MPa and sintering at a temperature of 380℃.Experiments of the RLSC with and without wave shaper against steel plates are carried out at standoffs of0.5,1.0,and 1.5 CD(charge diameter),respectively.The experimental results show that the penetration depths and structural damage effects of steel plates decrease with increasing the standoff,while the penetration depths and the damage effects of RLSC without wave shaper are much greater than that with wave shaper at the same standoff.To understand the unusual experimental results,numerical simulations based on AUTODYN-2 D code are conducted to discuss the wave shaper effect,including the propagation behavior of detonation wave,the velocity and temperature distribution of reactive jet,and penetration depth of reactive jet.The simulations indicate that,compared with RLSC without wave shaper,there is a higher temperature produced inside reactive jet with wave shaper.This unusual temperature rise effects are likely to be an important mechanism to cause the initiation delay time of reactive jet to decline,which results in significantly decreasing its penetration performance.

A Solver for Helmholtz System Generated by the Discretization of Wave Shape Functions

An interesting discretization method for Helmholtz equations was introduced in B.Despres[1].This method is based on the ultra weak variational formulation(UWVF)and the wave shape functions,which are exact solutions of the governing Helmholtz equation.In this paper we are concerned with fast solver for the system generated by the method in[1].We propose a new preconditioner for such system,which can be viewed as a combination between a coarse solver and the block diagonal preconditioner introduced in[13].In our numerical experiments,this preconditioner is applied to solve both two-dimensional and three-dimensional Helmholtz equations,and the numerical results illustrate that the new preconditioner is much more efficient than the original block diagonal preconditioner.

Scattering of SH waves induced by a symmetrical V-shaped canyon: a unified analytical solution

This paper reports a series solution of wave functions for two-dimensional scattering and diffraction of plane SH waves induced by a symmetrical V-shaped canyon with different shape ratios. A half-space with a symmetrical V-shaped canyon is divided into two sub-regions by using a circular-arc auxiliary boundary. The two sub-regions are represented by global and local cylindrical coordinate systems, respectively. In each coordinate system, the wave field satisfying the Helmholtz equation is represented by the separation of variables method, in terms of the series of both Bessel functions and Hankel functions with unknown complex coefficients. Then, the two wave fields are described in the local coordinate system using the Graf addition theorem. Finally, the unknown coefficients are sought by satisfying the continuity conditions of the auxiliary boundary. To consider the phase characteristics of the wave scattering, a parametric analysis is carried out in the time domain by assuming an incident signal of the Ricker type. Surface and subsurface transient responses demonstrate the characteristics and mechanisms of wave propagating and scattering.

Wave Diffraction on Arc-Shaped Floating Perforated Breakwaters

An analytical method is developed to study the sheltering effects on arc-shaped floating perforated breakwaters. In the process of analysis, the tloating breakwater is assumed to be rigid, thin, vertical, and immovable and located in water with constant depth. The fluid domain is divided into two regions by imaginary interface. The velocity potential in each region is expanded by eigenfunction in the context of linear theory. By satisfying continuity of pressure and normal velocity across the imaginary fluid interface, a set of linear algebraic equations can be obtained to determine the unknown coefficients for eigenfunction expansions. The accuracy of the present model was verified by a comparison with existing results for the case of arc-shaped floating breakwater. Numerical results, in the form of contour maps of the non-dimensional wave amplitude around the breakwater and diffracted wave amplitude at typical sections, are presented for a range of wave and breakwater parameters. Results show that the sheltering effects on the arc-shaped floating perforated breakwater are closely related to the incident wavelength, the draft and the porosity of the breakwater.

THE DYNAMICAL LOADING ON ROCK WITH DIFFERENT LOADING WAVE SHAPES CONVENTIONAL SHPB

Since loading wave shapes are very important in the study of rock dynamical properties, a new procedure for obtaining a variety of wave shapes using equidiameter impact hammer of conventional SHPB device is proposed based on theoretical analysis. Experiment shows that different loading wave shapes can be obtained through varying the radius at impact end of hammer. Experiment results are quite consistent with the theoretical analysis.

Scattering and diffraction of plane P-waves in a 2-D elastic half-space Ⅱ：shallow arbitrary shaped canyon

Scattering and Diffraction of elastic in-plane P-and SV-waves by a surface topography such as an elastic canyon at the surface of a half-space is a classical problem which has been studied by earthquake engineers and strong-motion seismologists for over forty years. The case of out-of-plane SH waves on the same elastic canyon that is semi-circular in shape on the half-space surface is the first such problem that was solved by analytic closed form solutions over forty years ago by Trifunac. The corresponding case of in-plane P-and SV-waves on the same circular canyon is a much more complicated problem because, the in-plane P-and SV-scattered waves have different wave speeds and together they must have zero normal and shear stresses at the half-space surface. It is not until recently in 2014 that analytic solution for such problem is found by the author in the work of Lee and Liu. This paper uses the technique of Lee and Liu of defining these stress-free scattered waves to solve the problem of the scattered and diffraction of these in-plane waves on an almost-circular surface canyon that is arbitrary in shape.

Numerical simulations of stress wave propagation and attenuation at arc-shaped interface inlayered SiC/Al composite

The effects of interface shape on stress wave distribution and attenuation were investiga- ted using finite element method （ FEM ）. The simulation results indicate that when the stress wave propagates from SiC ceramic to A1 alloy, the tensile stress decreases and the attenuation coefficient of the stress wave increases with increasing central angle of the concave interface between SiC and A1. But for the convex interface, the tensile stress increases and attenuation coefficient decreases with increasing central angle. As the stress wave propagates from A1 alloy to SiC ceramic, the atten- uation coefficient of stress wave decreases with increasing the central angle of the concave interface. For the convex interface, the attenuation coefficient increases with increasing central angle.

SCATTERING OF PLANE SH-WAVE BY A CYLINDRICAL HILL OF ARBITRARY SHAPE

The problems of scattering of plane SH-wave by a cylindrical hill of arbitrary shape is studied based on the methods of conjunction and division of solution zone. The scattering wave function is given by using the complex variable and conformal mapping methods. The conjunction boundary conditions are satisfied. Furthermore appling orthogonal function expanding technique, the problems can finally be summarized into the solution of a series of infinite algebraic equations. At last, numerical results of surface displacements of a cylindrical arc hill and of a semi-ellipse hill are obtained. And those computational results are compared with the results of finite element method (FEM).

Shape analysis and damped oscillatory solutions for a class of nonlinear wave equation with quintic term

This paper aims at analyzing the shapes of the bounded traveling wave solu- tions for a class of nonlinear wave equation with a quintic term and obtaining its damped oscillatory solutions. The theory and method of planar dynamical systems are used to make a qualitative analysis to the planar dynamical system which the bounded traveling wave solutions of this equation correspond to. The shapes, existent number, and condi- tions are presented for all bounded traveling wave solutions. The bounded traveling wave solutions are obtained by the undetermined coefficients method according to their shapes, including exact expressions of bell and kink profile solitary wave solutions and approxi- mate expressions of damped oscillatory solutions. For the approximate damped oscillatory solution, using the homogenization principle, its error estimate is given by establishing the integral equation, which reflects the relation between the exact and approximate so- lutions. It can be seen that the error is infinitesimal decreasing in the exponential form.

Dynamic Analysis of Nanosized Arbitrary Shape Inclusion under SH Waves

The scattering of shear waves (SH waves) by nano-scale arbitrary shape inclusion in infinite plane is studied by complex variable function theory. Firstly, the governing equation and the relationships between stress and displacement are given by classical elastic theory. Secondly, the arbitrary shape inclusion in the two-dimensional plane is transformed into a unit circle domain by conformal mapping, the incident wave field and the scattered wave field are presented. Next, the stress and displacement boundary conditions are established by considering surface elasticity theory, The infinite algebraic equations for solving the unknown coefficients of the scattered and standing waves are obtained. Finally, the influence of surface effect, non-dimensional wave number, Shear modulus and hole curvature on the dynamic stress concentration factor are analyzed by some examples, the numerical results show that the surface effect weakens the dynamic stress concentration. With the increase of wave number, the dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) decreases. Shear modulus and hole curvature have significant effects on DSCF.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF NONLINEAR WAVE FORCE ON LARGE BODY WITH ARBITRARY SHAPE

In this paper a nonlinear diffraction theory due to Stoke's 2nd-order wave for computing the wave force on the large body is presented. The radiation condition as r-∞ for 2nd-order scattered potential has been studied in connection with asymptotic solutions. A numerical procedure has been developed for the purpose of calculating the nonlinear wave force on the large body with arbitrary shape.

Wave Pressure Acting on V-Shaped Floating Breakwater in Random Seas

Wave pressure on the wet surface of a V-shaped floating breakwater in random seas is investigated. Considering the diffraction effect, the unit velocity potential caused by the single regular waves around the breakwater is solved using the finite-depth Green function and boundary element method, in which the Green function is solved by integral method. The Response-Amplitude Operator(RAO) of wave pressure is acquired according to the Longuet-Higgins' wave model and the linear Bernoulli equation. Furthermore, the wave pressure's response spectrum is calculated according to the wave spectrum by discretizing the frequency domain. The wave pressure's characteristic value corresponding to certain cumulative probability is determined according to the Rayleigh distribution of wave heights. The numerical results and field test results are compared, which indicates that the wave pressure calculated in random seas agrees with that of field measurements. It is found that the bigger angle between legs will cause the bigger pressure response, while the increase in leg length does not influence the pressure significantly. The pressure at the side of head sea is larger than that of back waves. When the incident wave angle changes from 0? to 90?, the pressure at the side of back waves decreases clearly, while at the side of head sea, the situation is more complicated and there seems no obvious tendency. The concentration of wave energy around low frequency(long wavelength) will induce bigger wave pressure, and more attention should be paid to this situation for the structure safety.

Binary collision approximation for solitary waves in a Y-shaped granular chain

We implement a binary collision approximation to study solitary wave propagation in a two-dimensional double Y- shaped granular chain. The solitary wave was transmitted and reflected when it met the interface of the bifurcated branches of the Y-shaped granular chains. We obtain the analytic results of the ratios of the transmitted and reflected speeds to the incident speed of the solitary wave, the maximum force between the two neighbor beads in a solitary wave, and the total time taken by the pulse to pass through each branch. All of the analytic results are in good agreement with the experimental observations from Daraio et al. [Phys. Rev. E 82 036603 （2010）]. Moreover, we also discuss the delay effects on the arrival of split pulses, and predict the recombination of the split waves traveling in branches in the final stem of asymmetric systems. The prediction of pulse recombination is verified by our numerical results.

The wave and vibratory power transmission in a finite L-shaped Mindlin plate with two simply supported opposite edges

In this paper,wave and vibratory power transmission in a finite L-shaped Mindlin plate with two simply supported opposite edges are investigated using the wave approach.The dynamic responses,active and reactive power flow in the finite plate are calculated by the Mindlin plate theory （MPT） and classic plate theory （CPT）.To satisfy the boundary conditions and continuous conditions at the coupled junction of the finite L-shaped plate,the near-field and far-field waves are entirely contained in the wave approach.The in-plane longitudinal and shear waves are also considered.The results indicate that the vibratory power flow based on the MPT is different from that based on the CPT not only at high frequencies but also at low and medium frequencies.The influence of the plate thickness on the vibrational power flow is investigated.From the results it is seen that the shear and rotary inertia correction of the MPT can influence the active and reactive power at the junction of the L-shaped plate not only at high frequencies but also at low and medium frequencies.Furthermore,the effects of structural damping on the active and reactive power flow at the junction are also analyzed.

孔洞增长层裂模型的改进及其在模拟不同加载波形层裂实验结果方面的应用

冲击波在靶板自由面反射导致靶板材料内部产生动态拉伸层裂损伤是材料的典型损伤破坏形式之一,材料的初始微结构、冲击加载的强度和应变率、温度等因素直接影响材料内部的损伤演化过程。靶板自由面速度曲线变化间接反映材料内部损伤的演化过程,在层裂损伤物理模型研究方面,目前采用适宜的层裂损伤模型较好地模拟不同冲击加载波形下靶板自由面速度曲线的相关文献很少,主要借助实验手段探讨加载波形与自由面速度曲线变化以及层裂损伤演化过程之间的关联。对于孔洞增长层裂损伤模型,通过解析加载应变率与层裂强度以及损伤模型初始损伤参数之间的相互关系,给出了模型初始损伤参数的计算方法,有效地将损伤模型初始损伤参数与加载应变率关联在一起。该计算方法不仅可以较好地模拟方波、三角波以及泰勒波冲击加载铝材料层裂实验的自由面速度曲线,同时,计算得到的层裂强度和层裂片厚度也与实验结果符合。此外,还进一步分析了靶板内部不同位置的初始损伤、层裂强度的分布与应变率之间的关联,以及其对自由面速度曲线的影响。

Study on a W-band modified V-shaped microstrip meander-line traveling-wave tube

The study on a miniaturized, low-voltage, wide-bandwidth, high-efficiency modified V-shaped microstrip meander-line slow-wave structure is presented. This structure is evolved from the original U-shaped microstrip meander-line slow-wave structure, combining the advantages of a traditional microstrip and a rectangular helix. In this paper, simulations of the electromagnetic characteristics and the beam-wave interaction of this structure are carried out. Our study shows that when the design voltage and the current of a sheet electron beam are set to be 4700 V and 100 mA, respectively, this miniature millimeter-wave power amplifier is capable of delivering 160-W output power with a corresponding gain of 37.3 dB and a maximum interaction efficiency of 34% at 97 GHz.

波浪滑翔器声通机椭圆导流罩减阻性能分析

针对波浪滑翔器声通机载荷减阻问题,设计水声通信机导流罩,并采用流体力学软件分析确定其设计参数;在直航状态下,仿真得到椭圆导流罩最优轴长比;然后在虚拟锚泊状态下优化其前缘长度;最后通过海上试验验证仿真可靠性。结果表明:相比于圆柱形外形,本文提出的导流罩的截面轴长比为3时,导流罩具有最佳减阻效果;在直线和虚拟锚泊运动时分别减阻82.2%和54%。该研究可为低速(雷诺数为3×10^(5))水声通信机导流罩设计和优化提供参考和借鉴。

具有四陷波特性的小型化超宽带天线设计

为避免通信过程中所存在的窄带通信频段的干扰,提出一款具有小型化四陷波特性的超宽带(ultrawideband,UWB)天线。该天线的辐射贴片采用半圆与矩形构成的特殊图形,并进行切角,在接地板的改进中采用可以有效扩展该天线在高频带宽的阶梯型结构。为了达到小型化以及四陷波特性,在尺寸仅为19.5 mm×18 mm×1.6mm的天线的辐射贴片上进行陷波处理。仿真表明:此天线在4.1~4.5 GHz、4.9~5.85 GHz、7.15~7.75 GHz、以及7.96~8.55 GHz的频段回波损耗大于-10 dB,能够有效抑制数字微波通信频段波段、WLAN波段、X波段以及国际电信联盟波段对于信号传输的干扰,陷波后天线工作带宽达到3.5~10.6 GHz,可以广泛投入到UWB通信的应用,且陷波特性良好,四陷波特性也扩大了通信应用的领域,可以满足多种超宽带通信系统的应用。

不同入射波对自由浮体结构运动特性的影响

基于DualSPHyscis开源程序,对波浪数值水池以及波浪与不同形状自由浮体结构相互作用进行了模拟,通过对造波板施加预定义函数来实现Stokes二阶规则波的产生,同时在下游边界附近处设置黏性消波区来实现消波功能.首先,验证了该方法能正确求解波浪与浮体结构的相互作用,文中还与有关的试验结果作了比较,发现效果基本一致.然后对波浪与自由浮体结构相互作用问题进行了模拟,考虑不同入射波波高、波周期与形状参数(A/B的范围为1.0~5.0),探究自由浮体结构所受波浪力的变化特性与自由度响应特性,并分析不同波参数对结构受力与自由度响应特性的影响,同时与单圆柱体浮体工况进行对比分析.另外,引入浮体周围流场分布特性、质心运动轨迹以及速度矢量分布特性,进而进一步阐述浮体受力特性与自由度响应特性.随形状参数增大、浮体结构所受最大波浪力会逐渐减小.随入射波波高增大,波能增大,浮体所具有的能量越大.