The indirect voltammetric determination of trace sulfate (2.0×10^(-6)～4.0×10^(-5) mol/L ) with the adsorptive complex wave of lead(Ⅱ)-tetrakis (4-trimethylammonium phenyl) porphyrin (PbTTMAPP) is reported....The indirect voltammetric determination of trace sulfate (2.0×10^(-6)～4.0×10^(-5) mol/L ) with the adsorptive complex wave of lead(Ⅱ)-tetrakis (4-trimethylammonium phenyl) porphyrin (PbTTMAPP) is reported.This method has been used for the analysis of natural waters with satisfactory results.展开更多
Based on the quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation, the present peper simulates the water mxing process in the formation Of ocean shear waves using large eddy simulation methods. From Lagrangian tracing, we study the o...Based on the quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation, the present peper simulates the water mxing process in the formation Of ocean shear waves using large eddy simulation methods. From Lagrangian tracing, we study the ocean shear wave's changing from wave character to vortex character. The distance between tracer groups increases near the ocean shear wave area, and decreases between ocean shear waves. The tracers that are uniformally distributed in space do not retain the uniform character in the mixing process. The frequency shift of the perturbation waves is caused by their nonlinear interaction. The wave number ratio and phase lag of the initial perturbation waves affect the mixing process, but the results show little difference. The increase of the viscosity coefficient will restrain the mixing process.展开更多
It has been argued in Part I that traditional expression of multidimensional group velocity used in meteorology is only applicable for isotropic waves. While for anisotropic waves, it cannot manifest propagation of wa...It has been argued in Part I that traditional expression of multidimensional group velocity used in meteorology is only applicable for isotropic waves. While for anisotropic waves, it cannot manifest propagation of waves group along the trajectory of a reference wave point, and varies with rotation of coordinates. The general mathematical expression of group velocity which may be used also for anisotropic waves has been derived in Part I. It will be proved that the mean wave energy, momentum and wave action density are all conserved as a wave group propagates at the general group velocity. Since general group velocity represents the movement of a reference point in either isotropic or anisotropic wave trains, it may be used to define wave rays. The variations of wave parameters along the rays in a slowly varying environment are represented by ray-tracing equations. Using the general group velocity, we may derive the anisotropic ray-tracing equations, which give the traditional ray-tracing equations for isotropic waves.展开更多
Ray tracing study of electromagnetic ion cyclotron （EMIC） waves is conducted based on a realistic plasma density model. The simulation result shows that EMIC waves propagate away from the equatorial source region to...Ray tracing study of electromagnetic ion cyclotron （EMIC） waves is conducted based on a realistic plasma density model. The simulation result shows that EMIC waves propagate away from the equatorial source region to higher latitudes basically along geomagnetic field lines, and are reflected at the region where their frequency matches the local bi-ion frequency. H＋ band suffers H＋-He＋ bi-ion frequency reflection at lower latitudes, whereas He＋ band suffers He＋-O＋ bi-ion frequency reflection at higher latitudes. Moreover, the concentration of heavy ions slightly affects the bi-ion frequencies and then slightly determines the reflection location of ray paths of EMIC waves. The current results present the first detailed study on the propagation characteristics of EMIC waves associated with bi-ion frequencies.展开更多
文摘The indirect voltammetric determination of trace sulfate (2.0×10^(-6)～4.0×10^(-5) mol/L ) with the adsorptive complex wave of lead(Ⅱ)-tetrakis (4-trimethylammonium phenyl) porphyrin (PbTTMAPP) is reported.This method has been used for the analysis of natural waters with satisfactory results.
文摘Based on the quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation, the present peper simulates the water mxing process in the formation Of ocean shear waves using large eddy simulation methods. From Lagrangian tracing, we study the ocean shear wave's changing from wave character to vortex character. The distance between tracer groups increases near the ocean shear wave area, and decreases between ocean shear waves. The tracers that are uniformally distributed in space do not retain the uniform character in the mixing process. The frequency shift of the perturbation waves is caused by their nonlinear interaction. The wave number ratio and phase lag of the initial perturbation waves affect the mixing process, but the results show little difference. The increase of the viscosity coefficient will restrain the mixing process.
文摘It has been argued in Part I that traditional expression of multidimensional group velocity used in meteorology is only applicable for isotropic waves. While for anisotropic waves, it cannot manifest propagation of waves group along the trajectory of a reference wave point, and varies with rotation of coordinates. The general mathematical expression of group velocity which may be used also for anisotropic waves has been derived in Part I. It will be proved that the mean wave energy, momentum and wave action density are all conserved as a wave group propagates at the general group velocity. Since general group velocity represents the movement of a reference point in either isotropic or anisotropic wave trains, it may be used to define wave rays. The variations of wave parameters along the rays in a slowly varying environment are represented by ray-tracing equations. Using the general group velocity, we may derive the anisotropic ray-tracing equations, which give the traditional ray-tracing equations for isotropic waves.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.40925014,41204114,and 41274165)the Aid Program for Scienceand Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province,Chinathe Construct Program of theKey Discipline in Hunan Province,China
文摘Ray tracing study of electromagnetic ion cyclotron （EMIC） waves is conducted based on a realistic plasma density model. The simulation result shows that EMIC waves propagate away from the equatorial source region to higher latitudes basically along geomagnetic field lines, and are reflected at the region where their frequency matches the local bi-ion frequency. H＋ band suffers H＋-He＋ bi-ion frequency reflection at lower latitudes, whereas He＋ band suffers He＋-O＋ bi-ion frequency reflection at higher latitudes. Moreover, the concentration of heavy ions slightly affects the bi-ion frequencies and then slightly determines the reflection location of ray paths of EMIC waves. The current results present the first detailed study on the propagation characteristics of EMIC waves associated with bi-ion frequencies.
