Source time functions of the Gonghe，China earthquake retrieved from long－period digital waveform data using empirical Green＇s function technique

An earthquake of Ms= 6, 9 occurred at the Gonghe, Qinghai Province, China on April 26, 1990. Three larger aftershocks took place at the same region, Ms= 5. 0 on May 7, 1990, Ms= 6. 0 on Jan. 3, 1994 and Ms= 5. 7on Feb. 16, 1994. The long-period recordings of the main shock from China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN) are deconvolved for the source time functions by the correspondent0 recordings of the three aftershocks asempirical Green's functions (EGFs). No matter which aftershock is taken as EGF, the relative source time functions (RSTFs) Obtained are nearly identical. The RSTFs suggest the Ms= 6. 9 event consists of at least two subevents with approximately equal size whose occurrence times are about 30 s apart, the first one has a duration of 12 s and a rise time of about 5 s, and the second one has a duration of 17 s and a rise time of about & s. COmParing the RSTFs obtained from P- and SH-phases respectively, we notice that those from SH-phases are a slightly more complex than those from p-phases, implying other finer subevents exist during the process of the main shock. It is interesting that the results from the EGF deconvolution of long-Period way form data are in good agreement with the results from the moment tensor inversion and from the EGF deconvolution of broadband waveform data. Additionally, the two larger aftershocks are deconvolved for their RSTFs. The deconvolution results show that the processes of the Ms= 6. 0 event on Jan. 3, 1994 and the Ms= 5. 7 event on Feb. 16,1994 are quite simple, both RSTFs are single impulses.The RSTFs of the Ms= 6. 9 main shock obtained from different stations are noticed to be azimuthally dependent, whose shapes are a slightly different with different stations. However, the RSTFs of the two smaller aftershocks are not azimuthally dependent. The integrations of RSTFs over the processes are quite close to each other, i. e., the scalar seismic moments estimated from different stations are in good agreement. Finally the scalar seismic moments of the three aftershocks are compared. The relative scalar seismic moment Of the three aftershocks deduced from the relative scalar seismic moments of the Ms=6. 9 main shock are very close to those inverted directly from the EGF deconvolution. The relative scalar seismic moment of the Ms =6. 9 main shock calculated using the three aftershocks as EGF are 22 (the Ms= 6. 0 aftershock being EGF), 26 (the Ms= 5. 7 aftershock being EGF) and 66 (the Ms= 5. 5 aftershock being EGF), respectively. Deducingfrom those results, the relative scalar sesimic moments of the Ms= 6. 0 to the Ms= 5. 7 events, the Ms= 6. 0 tothe Ms= 5. 5 events and the Ms= 5. 7 to the Ms= 5. 5 events are 1. 18, 3. 00 and 2. 54, respectively. The correspondent relative scalar seismic moments calculated directly from the waveform recordings are 1. 15, 3. 43, and 3. 05.

Source parameters of the Gonghe,Qinghai Province,China,earthquake from inversion of digital broadband waveform data

An earthquake of M S=6.9 occurred in Gonghe County, Qinghai Province, China on April 26, 1990.This earthquake was followed by three larger aftershocks of M S=5.5 on May 7, 1990, M S=6.0 on Jan.3, 1994, and M S=5.7 on Feb.16, 1994, consecutively. The moment tensors of these earthquakes as function of time were obtained by the technique of moment tensor inversion in frequency domain . The results inverted indicate that these earthquakes had a very similar focal mechanism of predominantly reverse faulting on a plane striking NWW, dipping to SSW.The scalar seismic moments of these earthquakes are M 0=9.4×10 18 Nm for the M S=6.9 event, 8.0×10 16 Nm for the M S=5.5 event, 4.9×10 17 Nm for the M S =6.0 event and 2.9×10 17 Nm for the M S=5.7 event, respectively. The results inverted also show that the source processes of these events were significantly different. The main shock had a very complex process, consisting of two distinct sub events with comparable sizes. The first sub event occurred in the first 12s, having a seismic moment of 4.7×10 18 Nm, and the second one continued from 31s to 41s, having a seismic moment of 2.5×10 18 Nm. In addition, a much smaller sub event, having a seismic moment of about 2.1×10 18 Nm, may exist in the interval of 12 s and 31 s, In contrast, the source processes of the three aftershocks are quite simple. The source time function of each of aftershocks is a single impulse, suggestting that each of aftershocks consists of a mainly uninterrupted rupture. The rise times and total rupture durations are 4 s and 11 s for the M S=5.5 event, 6 s and 16 s for the M S= 6.0 event and 6 s and 13 s for the M S=5.7 event, respectively.

Temporal and spatial rupture process of the great Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake of November 14,2001 from the GDSN long period waveform data

The temporal and spatial rupture process of the 14 November 2001 Kunlun Mountain Pass earthquake (KMPE) is obtained by inverting the high signal-to-noise-ratio P-waveform data of vertical components of 20 stations with epicentral distances less than 90°, which are of Global Digital Seismogragh Network (GDSN). The inverted results indicate that the KMPE consists of 3 sub-events. The rupture of the first sub-event initiated at the instrumental epicenter (35.97°N,90.59°E) and then propagated both westwards and eastwards, extending 140 km westwards at the speed of 4.0 km/s and 80 km eastwards at the speed of 2.2 km/s, which appeared to be an asymmetrical bilateral rupture dominantly from east to west. This sub-event formed a 220-km-long fault. Fifty-two seconds after initiation of the first sub-event, at which time the first sub-event was not over but in its healing phase, the rupture of the second sub-event initiated 220 km west of the epicenter and propagated both westwards and eastwards, extending 50 km westwards at the speed of 2.2 km/s and 70 km eastwards at the speed of 5.8 km/s, which appeared to be an asymmetrical bilateral rupture dominantly from west to east. The secondsub-event formed a 120-km-long fault. The second sub-event fused with the first sub-event 140km west to the epicenter right 12 s after its initiation. Fifty-six seconds after initiation of the first sub-event, at which time the first sub-event was getting close to the end of its healing phase, the rupture of the third sub-event initiated 220 km east of the epicenter and propagated both westwards and eastwards, extending 140 km westwards at the speed of 4.0 km/s and 130 km eastwards at the speed of 3.7 km/s, which appeared to be nearly an bilateral rupture. This sub-event formed a 270-km-long fault. The third sub-event fused with the first sub-event 80 km east of the epicenter right 36 s after its initiation. Afterwards, the source process of the KMPE was dominated by the slip after fusion of the first and third sub-events.

国家测震台网中心强震动数据处理系统的设计与实现

为满足国家测震台网海量强震动观测数据的处理时效性、格式标准化、产品丰富度等需求,开发了兼容多类强震动观测站点且具备数据快速汇集、处理及归档等功能的强震动数据处理系统。该系统提供地震波形人机交互数据预处理界面,对加速度记录进行预处理,进一步分析预处理后的加速度事件波形数据,计算得到地震动各项参数,包括峰值加速度(PGA)、峰值速度(PGV)、峰值位移(PGD)、仪器烈度、持时、傅氏谱、反应谱和三联谱等,可以导出地震元数据、地震记录波形,对各类数据进行归档存储。该系统具有平台统一性、功能集成性、数据完备性等特点,有效提升了日常数据处理和管理能力,能在地震应急、震害评估和科学研究中发挥实效。

基于一二次融合设备的配电网含分支线路参数计算方法

精确的线路参数是实现配电网安全经济可靠运行的基础。由于配电网的结构特点,难以获得准确的配电网线路参数。基于一二次融合设备的录波数据,提出了1种新的配电网线路参数计算方法。该方法能够精确计算配电线路的正序、负序和零序参数,包括电容参数。该方法能够适用于配电网点多面广、分支众多的实际情况,也能用于含分布式新能源的配电网,计算精度不受故障类型和负荷变化的影响。仿真结果表明,其计算结果和精度能够满足电力系统继电保护和电网运行的要求。

基于相关波形不变性的数据丢包检测方法

针对数据采集处理系统中数据丢包检测问题,依据连续余弦信号自相关波形不变特性,提出一种基于相关波形不变性的数据丢包检测方法。该方法利用窄带数据自相关波形稳定性,通过对数据传输单元输出数据进行自相关处理求取数据相关波形,通过自相关波形差异化处理对该数据是否丢包实现检测。当数据传输单元输出数据存在丢包时,该数据由单码元调相变为多码元调相,致使数据带宽发生变化,进而引起相关波形发生变化,基于此,可对数据传输单元是否存在数据丢包实现检测和判决。理论分析和实验验证结果均证明了所述方法可行性和有效性。

基于压缩感知的波形指示反演在薄储层预测中的应用

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大牛地气田二叠系下石盒子组有效砂体致密、规模小、厚度薄,储层非均质性强且地震波阻抗叠置严重。为实现下石盒子组5~6 m致密薄砂岩储层的有效刻画,文中选取了盒1段气藏主力单砂体作为研究对象。在地震正演分析基础上,形成了叠前道集优化提质+压缩感知拓频+纵波标定+波形指示GR反演的技术组合,该技术组合将压缩感知技术与波形指示反演技术的优势有机结合起来,并在盒1段气藏主力单砂体进行了应用。预测结果表明:地震剖面横、纵向分辨率显著提高,其预测成果更加符合地质沉积规律,与实钻井吻合良好,实现了5~6 m致密薄砂岩的有效刻画。该研究为致密砂岩气藏薄储层预测提供了一种新方法。

基于贝叶斯网络的云安全态势感知系统设计

为使差分后态势数据信号波形更贴合原始态势数据的波形分布形式,从而辅助网络主机实现对云数据参量的安全感知,设计基于贝叶斯网络的云安全态势感知系统。将云数据终端采集到的数据信息参量,按需分配至态势评估模块与态势预测模块之中,为网络主机提供一个相对稳定的硬件运行环境。在此基础上,根据贝叶斯网络连接情况,确定云数据权重值,再联合主机元件所采集到的运行数据,得到准确的态势值计算结果,结合相关硬件设备结构,完成基于贝叶斯网络的云安全态势感知系统设计。实验结果表明,与数据挖掘型感知系统相比,随着贝叶斯网络作用能力的增强,差分后态势数据信号的波动形式始终能够较好贴合原始态势数据的波动形式,对于网络主机而言,其对于云数据参量的安全感知能力确实得到了有效促进。

基于时序生成对抗网络和注意力机制的电器数据生成方法

在智能电网中,非侵入式负荷检测等技术的实现都需要使用大量标记过的电器功率数据,而这类数据的收集和标注十分昂贵、耗时并且容易侵犯用户的安全隐私。为了应对数据收集的挑战,文中提出一种将时序生成对抗网络和通道空间双注意力机制相结合的数据生成方法,用来合成与实际电器功率数据相似的合成数据。时序生成对抗网络结合无监督的灵活性和有监督的可控性,能够进行家用电器数据生成,注意力机制又能够使时序生成对抗网络注重电器启动时的波形,忽略电器未启动时的干扰,构建一个符合真实工况且随机的数据生成模型。文中使用五种性能度量指标对该模型生成的数据进行评估,并且使用主成分分析(PCA)降维进行可视化分析。实验结果表明,使用该方法生成的合成数据具有与真实数据非常相似的特征,并有较高的精度。

基于GBDT优化算法的内部局域网异常数据定位方法

为了实现准确定位异常数据传输节点,提出基于GBDT优化算法的内部局域网异常数据定位方法。采用GBDT优化算法选择异常数据特征,根据特征选择结果检测内部局域网中的异常数据;设置异常数据编码器,通过计算异常数据点与局域网核心节点间距的方式,完善具体的定位方案。实验结果表明,基于GBDT优化算法所定义的异常数据传输波形与被占位网络节点的数据传输波形保持一致,内部局域网对于异常数据传输节点的定位准确性能够得到保障。

基于动态时间弯曲的地铁跨专业数据同步方法研究

跨专业数据融合分析是打破地铁多部门协作数据壁垒、解决多系统联合仿真困难的重要途径,而跨专业数据同步则是数据融合分析的重要保证。为了实现地铁牵引变电站与车辆数据的时间同步,从波形相似性检测的角度提出了一种基于动态时间弯曲的时间同步方法。通过将牵引变电站的电压波形数据与地铁车辆中的电压波形数据进行匹配分析,实现两者时间同步。结果表明该方法能够计算各个变电站与每一辆列车的时间偏移,具有较高的准确性和有效性,满足工程应用的需求。

高速铁路道岔横向加速度超限的影响因素分析

随着高速铁路路网建设不断完善、设备总量及运能运量大幅增加,线路设备安全风险急剧加大。某高速铁路道岔横向加速度超限报警,为排查线路状态是否存在几何变形问题,规避滥用数据对设备原有状态造成的安全风险,防止道岔线路“盲目修、无效修、有害修”等问题出现,对该线车型和设备线形结构综合对比。通过对动态检测数据波形对比、线形结构、外部环境(风速)数据的综合研判分析,正确研判数据的真实性、可靠性与实用性,为线路道岔养护维修提供决策依据,杜绝盲目“扣分”和盲目“修理”等现象。

一种无功补偿控制器延时时间测试方法介绍

文中介绍了JB/T 9663-2013标准对控制器延时时间的测试要求与控制器工作原理。结合标准要求与控制器输出回路工作方式,介绍了一种可用于测量控制器延时时间测试方法。在此方法中,通过数据采集系统测量通道采集控制器输出回路V12与K1至K12中DC12电压信号和取样电流回路三相开关进线端相间AC47V电压波形出现或消失时刻。利用采集到的波形,测量控制器接通与分断延时时间。

基于α-DDTW算法与功率波形相似度的馈线OP互联匹配

OP互联是指供电企业内部对电力调度系统(OMS)及设备(资产)运维精益管理系统(PMS)中维护的台账数据进行有效关联。针对中压配电网10 kV馈线OP互联流程复杂、效率低下,且缺乏有效校验机制等问题,提出了一种基于配电网多源量测数据与系统台账信息的馈线OP数据校核与匹配方法。首先,从OMS和PMS中提取功率、设备参数等信息,并对台账及功率进行预处理,形成功率时间序列矩阵;然后,基于α-DDTW距离评估两侧馈线功率波形近似度,实现馈线OP数据的校核与关联匹配;最后,对华东某市电力公司的系统数据进行算例分析,验证了所提方法的有效性与实际工程应用价值。

不平衡样本数据下电缆缺陷时域诊断特征波形

电缆缺陷是局部放电量过大的主要原因,为有效控制局部放电量,维持电力网络的运行稳定性,在不平衡样本数据下提出电缆缺陷时域诊断特征波形识别方法。在不平衡样本数据的支持下,引入线性时域诊断特征确定与时域诊断特征相关的映射条件,完成对电缆缺陷时域诊断特征的提取。对已提取诊断特征波形进行变换处理,通过计算熵阈值指标的方式,完成不平衡样本数据下的电缆缺陷时域诊断特征波形识别。实验结果表明,应用所提方法后,可将由电缆缺陷引起的局部放电量控制在4.18×109 kW下,有效解决了局部放电量过大的问题,在维持电力网络运行稳定性方面具有突出作用价值。

一种迭代的小光斑LiDAR波形分解方法

针对传统LiDAR波形数据分解方法受噪声影响严重、对复杂重叠及微弱回波分解能力不足的缺点,提出了一种新波形分解方法.通过计算滤波前后波形的幅值变化,估计波形的随机与背景噪声;采用逐层剥离的策略,从原始波形数据中不断分解出波形分量,直到剩余波形中最大峰值小于一定的阈值;利用L-BFGS算法优化初始参数,获得波形分量参数的最优解;最后对位置过近的波形分量进行合并.该方法计算速度快,探测微弱回波能力强,显著提高分解后点云的密度与精度.对大量LiDAR波形数据进行了分解,验证了其有效性.

激光测高仪高斯回波分解算法

地球表面地形的复杂多样可对激光测高仪回波波形产生显著影响,造成多峰叠加形状,该波形通过经典的阈值比较或重心点等算法很难精确得到激光足印内每个反射面的海拔高度。通过高斯分解法把测高回波波形分解成一系列连续的高斯波形,通过拟合得到每个高斯波形的宽度、中心点、幅度等基本参数来估计激光足印内起伏地形的不同反射面的海拔高度。将该算法应用于激光测高仪原理样机,并通过采集不同地形的多模回波数据对该算法进行了验证。

全局收敛LM的激光雷达波形数据分解方法

全波形激光雷达是遥感领域的新兴技术,相比传统激光雷达,它对后向散射回波进行全数字化的记录,通过分解返回波形能够得到更加丰富的地物属性信息,因此波形分解是激光雷达全波形数据处理的核心内容。针对传统LM算法容易陷入局部最优解的问题,提出一种全局收敛LM的激光雷达全波形数据分解方法。该方法引入全局收敛LM算法对波形进行拟合,获得波形分量参数的最优解,利用迭代的波峰检测策略实现复杂重叠波形分量的逐步分解。通过对GLAS、LVIS与Lite Mapper-5600的波形数据分解实验证明:该方法相比传统LM算法能够得到更具鲁棒性的波形分解结果,并且适用于星载波形数据、机载大光斑以及机载小光斑波形数据,具备较高实用价值。

全波形反演在复杂地表三维地震资料处理中的应用——以HQ工区为例

由于HQ工区目的层埋深浅,受复杂地表影响存在较大范围的空炮段,故在三维地震资料处理中常规速度建模方法得到的速度模型精度低、成像效果差。通过总结分析全波形反演数据准备与常规数据处理的差别,将基于armousi模型的全波形反演技术于HQ工区三维地震资料处理中进行测试应用,并开展应用效果评价。应用结果表明,全波形反演技术可以准确还原复杂地表条件下地下介质的结构和性质,建立较高精度的地下速度模型,对应的叠前深度偏移成像效果具有明显提高。研究结果证实了全波形反演技术的优越性,对于全波形反演技术于复杂地表地区的应用具有一定的参考价值。

脉冲电声法空间电荷测量波形恢复的数据处理

采用脉冲电声法(PEA)测量固体电介质中空间电荷的分布时,由于受介质特性和系统硬件的影响,测量波形会发生畸变。文中用高斯函数模拟低场强下界面电荷波形衰减前后峰形的变化,建立了波形衰减模型。把介质的衰减因子看作一个传导矩阵,获得了恢复整个介质中空间电荷分布曲线的方程式。通过对信号在介质和放大器中传输过程的分析和建模,以Matlab软件对实测波形进行了恢复。结果表明:在电荷分布波形中电极A处的峰值可恢复到90%,而且被掩盖的异极性电荷得以显现。