Topside Axial Bearing Wear Under the Eccentric Load of a Single-Anchor Leg Mooring System in Bohai Bay

Because the applications of single-anchor leg mooring yoke systems(SYSs)are rarely studied in the offshore industry,the design of such systems features some uncertainties.This paper investigated the effect of eccentricity on the wear of the topside axial bearing of a SYS.The eccentricity of the topside was verified by on-site inspection,and the axial bearing wear was found to be far more serious than the original design.The contact status between the axial bearing and flange surface was studied on the basis of the actual topside load by using nonlinear finite element analysis.Wear tests of the topside bearing under uniform and eccentric loads were also performed to study the effect of eccentric loads on the wear rate.The key parameters obtained from numerical simulations and experimentation were used to calculate the wear depth via a simplified linear wear model based on the product of the pressure and sliding distance.Results showed that eccentric loads are the main factor responsible for the excessive wear of topside axial bearings.

Mechanical Characterization of Rubber Latex-Based Carpets (Hevea bresiliensis): Influence of Rubber Latex Content and Fiber Fabrics (Cotton and Mosquito Nets) on Wear Resistance of Rubber Latex-Based Carpets

This work focuses on the development of carpets from sand, fabrics of cotton fiber and mosquito nets and rubber latex. Following a study on the choice of the best formulations, the quantity of rubber latex used for shaping varies between 14% and 18% (latex/sand + latex ratio) for the carpet with the fabric of mosquito nets and between 16% and 18% for the one made with the fabric of cotton fiber. Thus, with a mixture of sand, fiber fabrics (cotton and mosquito nets) and rubber latex, carpets were developed. In addition, the wear test carried out on these samples indicates that it is possible to produce carpets with the new material made of rubber sand and latex: SABLATEX At room temperature. Following the characterization test, it resorts to only 16% latex with cotton fiber fabric, allowing to have carpets with good mechanical characteristics.

Dry sliding friction and wear behaviors of Mg_2B_2O_5 whisker reinforced 6061Al matrix composites

The friction and wear properties of Mg2B2O5 whisker reinforced 6061Al matrix composite fabricated via power ultrasonic-stir casting process were investigated using a ball-on-disk wear-testing machine against a GCr45 steel counterface under dry sliding conditions. The reinforcements include as-received Mg2B2O5 whiskers and Mg2B2O5 whiskers coated with CuO and ZnO. The volume fraction of the composites is 2%. The relationship between the wear rate and the coefficient of friction was discussed. The results indicate that the wear rate of the Mg2B2O5 whiskers coated with ZnO reinforced aluminum matrix composites is the lowest among the materials. As the applied load and sliding speed steadily increase the coefficients of friction and wear rates of the as-received matrix alloy and the fabricated composites decrease. As the applied load and sliding speed increase, the wear mechanisms of the composites shift from a mild to a severe regime.

浮动花键抗磨损强度分析与试验

为了解决航空发动机附件传动系统花键连接结构在正向设计阶段分析能力薄弱、缺少基础数据支撑,以及在复杂工作条件下齿面磨损严重等问题,开展了浮动花键磨损强度评估方法研究,提出适用于发动机附件传动系统浮动花键的齿面接触应力计算方法。并开展了花键磨损影响因素对比试验,测量不同材料、表面粗糙度、表面处理、润滑条件、偏斜角、齿形条件下的磨损量和齿厚变化量。结果表明:花键表面硬度是决定抗磨损能力的主要因素,硬度大抗磨损能力强;在偏斜状态下工作的花键通过齿形修形改善接触区位置,降低接触应力,可提高抗磨损能力;润滑油润滑可以减小摩擦磨损,减少磨屑产生,是减小花键磨损的首要措施;正确选择齿侧间隙有利于减小磨损发生。

直升机传动系统用铝青铜-聚苯酯涂层磨损性能研究

直升机行星传动系统由于结构紧凑、传递功率高、承载能力高、抗冲击和振动能力强及传动平稳等优点,在航空航天领域中得到了广泛应用。为了提高行星传动系统的轮系减速结构中行星齿轮的均载性,避免单个行星轮过载断齿失效,通常将其设计为以支承环浮动支承的太阳齿轮。然而,这种设计导致支承环与太阳齿轮之间的接触部位在工作时可能产生严重的微动磨损。因此,在支承环表面制备铝青铜-聚苯酯涂层,以提升其抗微动磨损性能。采用等离子喷涂工艺,将通过机械混匀的铝青铜和质量分数约5%的聚苯酯混合粉末(KF-1301)喷涂在以30Ni4CrMoA钢为基体的支承环表面。喷涂前试样表面需经刚玉砂喷砂处理,以提高表面粗糙度。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光学显微镜,对制备的涂层进行微观形貌和孔隙率分析。结果表明,涂层的孔隙率约为31.8%,表面洛氏硬度平均值为79.9 HR15Y,结合强度平均值为42.6 MPa。通过SRV-4微动摩擦磨损试验机,测试涂层的抗微动磨损性能。结果表明,涂层的摩擦系数平均值约为0.169,具有较好的减摩性能,磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损,同时伴有粘着磨损。对喷涂铝青铜-聚苯酯涂层的支承环进行零件级摩擦磨损试验,发现涂层无开裂、剥离、剥落和严重磨损等异常情况。对试验前后相同位置涂层的厚度进行测量,结果显示涂层的磨损量非常小。铝青铜-聚苯酯涂层具有较高的硬度、结合强度及较低的摩擦系数,可满足抗微动磨损涂层应用的技术要求,在模拟工作状态下其表现出优异的抗磨损性能,未出现明显的异常磨损现象,说明该涂层可有效地提高直升机传动系统的耐磨性和使用寿命。

基于LabVIEW的销盘式摩擦磨损试验机设计

为了初步检测各种试样的摩擦磨损特性,研制了一台销盘式摩擦磨损试验机。该试验机结构简单,采用LabVIEW软件开发测试系统程序,建立可视化多参数测试主界面,对试验数据进行实时采集、处理、显示及存储。通过摩擦磨损试验证明了该试验机可满足试样摩擦磨损研究需要。

Comparison of wear behaviour of LM13 Al−Si alloy based composites reinforced with synthetic(B_(4)C)and natural(ilmenite)ceramic particles

Dry sliding wear behaviour of stir-cast aluminium matrix composites(AMCs)containing LM13 alloy as matrix and ceramic particles as reinforcement was investigated.Two different ceramic particle reinforcements were used separately:synthetic ceramic particles(B_(4)C),and natural ceramic particles(ilmenite).Optical micrographs showed uniform dispersion of reinforced particles in the matrix material.Reinforced particles refined the grain size of eutectic silicon and changed its morphology to globular type.B_(4)C reinforced composites(BRCs)showed maximum improvement in hardness of AMCs.Ilmenite reinforced composites(IRCs)showed maximum reduction in coefficient of friction values due to strong matrix−reinforcement interfacial bonding caused by the formation of interfacial compounds.Dry sliding wear behaviour of composites was significantly improved as compared to base alloy.The low density and high hardness of B_(4)C particles resulted in high dislocation density around filler particles in BRCs.On the other hand,the low thermal conductivity of ilmenite particles resulted in early oxidation and formation of a tribo-layer on surface of IRCs.So,both types of reinforcements led to the improvement in wear properties of AMCs,though the mechanisms involved were very different.Thus,the low-cost ilmenite particles can be used as alternative fillers to the high-cost B_(4)C particles for processing of wear resistant composites.

Influence of niobium and molybdenum addition on microstructure and wear behavior of laser-borided layers produced on Nimonic 80A-alloy

Laser alloying was used for production of thick layers on surface of Nimonic 80A-alloy.For laser surface modification,three types of pre-coated pastes were applied:with amorphous boron,with amorphous boron and molybdenum as well as with amorphous boron and niobium.The microstructure,hardness and wear resistance of produced layers were studied in details.The presence of different types of borides in re-melted zone depended on the paste composition and caused an increase in hardness up to about HV 1000.The wear resistance was evaluated by calculation of mass wear intensity factor Imw and relative mass loss of specimen and counter-specimen.The wear behavior of the tested frictional pairs was determined by 3D interference microscopy,scanning electron microscopy equipped with EDS microanalyzer.The significant increase in abrasive wear resistance was observed in comparison to untreated Nimonic 80A-alloy.The lowest mass loss intensity factor was characteristic of laser-alloyed Nimonic 80A-alloy with boron and niobium(Imw=1.234 mg/(cm2?h)).Laser alloyed-layers indicated abrasive wear mechanism with clearly visible grooves.Laser alloying with boron and niobium resulted in the additional oxidative wear mechanism.In this case,EDS patterns revealed presence of oxygen on the worn surface of specimen.

Friction and Wear Behavior of Ti-6Al-7Nb Biomaterial Alloy

Titanium has been increasingly applied to biomedical application because of its improved mechanical characteristics, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However their application remains limited, due to the low strength and poor wear resistance of unalloyed titanium. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the friction and wear behavior of high-strength titanium alloys: Ti-6Al-7Nb used in femoral stem (total hip prosthesis). The oscillating friction and wear tests have been carried out in ambient air with oscillating tribotester in accord with standards ISO 7148, ASTM G99-95a, ASTM G 133-95 under different conditions of normal applied load (3, 6 and 10 N) and sliding speed (1, 15 and 25 mm.s-1), and as a counter pair we used the ball of 100C 6, 10 mm of diameter. The surface morphology of the titanium alloys has been characterized by SEM, EDAX, micro hardness, roughness analysis measurements. The behavior observed for both samples suggests that the wear and friction mechanism during the test is the same for Ti alloys, and to increase resistance to wear and friction of biomedical titanium alloys used in total hip prosthesis (femoral stems) the surface coating and treatment are required.

Study on Preparation and Engine Bench Test of Friction-Reducing and Repairing Additive to Lubricating Oils

A new kind of friction-reducing and repairing additive containing nano-scale copper and rare earth compounds were prepared by means of synthesis and compounding methods. The performance of the said additive was investigated by engine bench test, and was compared to the performance of similar domestic and imported additives. The deterioration of lube oils containing additives over different time intervals was studied by means of plasma spectrometry and mass spectrometry, and the effect of additive package on engine power was also studied. Test results have revealed that the synthetic additive package can provide good anti-wear performance to the tribo-pairs. In particular, after 300 hour application of the said additive package the connection rod shaft and copper sleeve showed 'zero wear' to achieve the in situ dynamic repairing of tribo-pairs. Application of the said synthetic additive can effectively improve the engine power performance and extend the engine service life.

Wear of MgO-C Refractories in EBT Type Furnaces Experienced at Iranian Mobarakeh Steel Plant

Mobarakeh Steel Company produces 3 million tons of steel annually with eight 180 tons EBT furnaces. Different types of magnesia-carbon refractories have been employed at slagline during last 5 years. In the present study the wear and corrosion of MgO-C refractories of these furnaces have been studied via post-mortem analysis of used bricks and the observation of operational effects. Laboratory corrosion tests were also arranged to investigate the effect of slag chemistry and the mechanism of chemical corrosion . Characterization of different magnesia-carbon bricks clarified that the crystal size , type and chemistry of magnesia as well as graphite structure have the main influence on corrosion resistance. The CaO: SiO2 ratio in slag also plays a vital role in the wear of slagline refractories. The iron oxide content of slag also has a major role in graphite oxidation. Of metallurgical parameters , the electric power input and the contact time have great influence on refractories life. The results will be discussed with emphasis on particular operational factors in Mobarakeh steel plant.

A Comparative Study on Dry Sliding Wear Characteristics of Al2O3 and Bone Powder Filled Hybrid Composites

The aim of the research was to develop E-glass/jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites with an addition of Al2O3 and bone powder by using hand layup technique and to compare tribological properties of these composites under similar test conditions. The wear experiments were designed according to Taguchi’s (L27) orthogonal array with three control variables such as sliding velocity, filler content and normal load. The results indicated that the normal load for Al2O3 and filler content for bone powder emerged as the significant factors affecting specific wear rate of hybrid composites. An addition of 10 wt% of bone powder or Al2O3 into E-glass/jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites increased the wear resistance considerably, and natural waste bone powder can be used instead of ceramic filler Al2O3 in hybrid composites. After the analysis of control factors, an optimal factor setting has been suggested for specific wear rate and coefficient of friction. Further, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images for worn surfaces of hybrid composites were studied. Finally, a confirmation test was carried out to validate the results.

车用柴油机缸套活塞磨损试验台设计

为研究南疆风沙环境中车用柴油机在不同沙尘浓度、工作速度、环境温度等条件下对发动机缸套活塞磨损的影响,设计柴油机缸套活塞磨损试验台。试验台主要由风沙输送装置、驱动传动装置、磨损测量及测试系统等组成,通过风沙输送装置模拟沙尘浓度、速度等参数变化的要求;设计的测控系统能够完成工作压力、环境温度、沙尘流量、转速等传感信息的收集和可视化。试验台采用动力机械常用的柴油发动机作为研究对象,适用于实验室中在研发缸套活塞耐磨材料时的测试装备。此试验机操纵方便,可拓展性强,可用于研究南疆风沙环境对内燃机磨损的规律、空滤的堵塞机制、进气阻力分析等。

Recent advances in wheel–rail RCF and wear testing

The wear and rolling contact fatigue (RCF) testing approaches for wheels and rails have been reviewedand evaluated in this study. The study points out the advantages and limitations of the existing approaches. Thebroad analysis revealed that scaled laboratory-based wear testing is widely applied. However, it is necessary topredetermine the input parameters and observing parameters for scaled wear testing for three reasons: first, toemulate the real-world scenarios as closely as possible;second, to postprocess the results received from the scaledtesting and transfer them into real practice at full scale;third, to present the results in a legible/appropriate format.Therefore, most of the important parameters required for wear testing have been discussed with fundamental andsystematic explanations provided. Additionally, the transition of the parameters from the real-world into the testdomain is explained. This study also elaborates on the challenges of the RCF and wear testing processes andconcludes by providing major considerations toward successful testing.

极低速伺服油缸摩擦力与磨损

基于黏着理论对油缸活塞密封件的工作过程进行瞬态动力学仿真。结果表明:摩擦力和运行速度与介质压力正相关,介质压力和运行速度对磨损影响较小,油缸磨损主要取决于位移。研制液压测试系统,测试伺服油缸在极低速下运行的摩擦力。结果表明:摩擦力与介质压力正相关,与速度负相关。

基于虚拟仪器技术的活塞环摩擦磨损试验机的研制

为了初步检测活塞环的摩擦磨损特性,设计一台活塞环摩擦磨损试验机。该试验机结构简单,测试系统软件在虚拟仪器技术基础上采用Lab VIEW平台开发,实现了对数据的实时采集、处理和结果显示等。试验证明,该试验机能满足活塞环摩擦磨损试验研究需要。

基于虚拟仪器技术的小型球盘式摩擦磨损试验机的研制

为了初步检测各种涂层试样的摩擦磨损特性,设计一台小型球盘式摩擦磨损试验机。该试验机结构简单,测试系统软件在虚拟仪器技术基础上采用LabVIEW平台开发,实现了对数据的实时采集、处理和结果显示。试验证明,该试验机能满足涂层试样摩擦磨损试验研究需要。

往复式摩擦磨损试验机及其计算机控制系统设计

针对不同固体材料在不同条件下的摩擦磨损实验要求,开发设计了一种往复式摩擦磨损试验机,通过测量实验中产生的摩擦力、摩擦系数和磨损量的变化来研究材料的摩擦磨损性能。为提高测试系统的精确性和实时性,将计算机辅助测试系统应用到摩擦学试验当中,通过数据采集系统和测试软件系统完成摩擦磨损数据的实时动态测试,从根本上改变了传统摩擦磨损试验机的缺点。通过对聚四氟乙烯材料的摩擦磨损性能进行实验,证明该试验机性能稳定,测试系统准确可靠。

MT-1型真空摩擦磨损试验机的研制

MT-1型真空摩擦磨损试验机可以提供从大气到6.7×10^(-3)Pa的压力环境,其可测载荷和速度的可调范围以及温度和振动特性等的变化范围都比较大,并且采用微机系统进行数据采集和处理,测量参数多,重复性和精确度都比较好,因而是航天工业、真空工业和摩擦学基础研究中一种有用的工具。

循环球转向器可靠性磨损试验系统的设计与实现

转向系统是汽车主动安全的重要技术,转向器是转向系统的关键部件,其可靠性直接影响汽车安全性能。为了正常进行循环球式转向器磨损试验,参照《汽车电动助力转向装置技术条件与台架试验方法》标准,采用交流伺服技术、智能集成技术与微机测控技术,设计了双工位循环球转向器可靠性磨损试验系统。试验运行表明:该试验系统经济高效,稳定可靠,满足循环球转向器磨损试验标准规定功能。系统应具备实时监控数据、实时绘制曲线和检测空载性能三大功能,从而完成循环球转向器出厂前的可靠性磨损试验,减小因服役寿命周期内的失效而导致交通安全事故的概率。