GSW3.1,a novel gene controlling grain size and weight in rice

Grain size and weight are closely related traits determining yield in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Since indica and japonica rice varieties differ significantly in multiple traits,a high-generation recombinant inbred line(RIL)population derived from the crossing LH9(indica)and RPY(japonica)was used to map grainrelated traits in six environments.Pyramiding of the quantitative trait loci(QTL)for thousand-grain weight showed that combinations of multiple QTL significantly increased the phenotypic effect.A novel gene named GSW3.1 controlling grain size and weight was discovered using the major QTL for the colocalization of grain width and thousand-grain weight on chromosome 3.Gene editing revealed that GSW3.1(LOC_Os03g16850)was pleiotropic,positively regulating grain size and weight while affecting several other agronomic traits.Haplotype analysis indicated that some traits,including grain width and weight,were highly correlated with indica-japonica differentiation.

Size effect of lattice material and minimum weight design

The size effects of microstructure of lattice materials on structural analysis and minimum weight design are studied with extented multiscale finite element method（EMsFEM） in the paper. With the same volume of base material and configuration, the structural displacement and maximum axial stress of micro-rod of lattice structures with different sizes of microstructure are analyzed and compared.It is pointed out that different from the traditional mathematical homogenization method, EMsFEM is suitable for analyzing the structures which is constituted with lattice materials and composed of quantities of finite-sized micro-rods.The minimum weight design of structures composed of lattice material is studied with downscaling calculation of EMsFEM under stress constraints of micro-rods. The optimal design results show that the weight of the structure increases with the decrease of the size of basic sub-unit cells. The paper presents a new approach for analysis and optimization of lattice materials in complex engineering constructions.

Development of a mass model in estimating weight-wise particle size distribution using digital image processing

Particle size distribution of coarse aggregates through mechanical sieving gives results in terms of cumu- lative mass percent. But digital image processing generated size distribution of particles, while being fast and accurate, is often expressed in terms of area function or number of particles. In this paper, a mass model is developed which converts the image obtained size distribution to mass-wise distribution, mak- ing it readily comparable to mechanical sieving data. The concept of weight/particle ratio is introduced for mass reconstruction from 2D images of particle aggregates. Using this mass model, the effects of several particle shape parameters （such as major axis, minor axis, and equivalent diameter） on sieve-size of the particles is studied. It is shown that the sieve-size of a particle strongly depend upon the shape param- eters, 91% of its variation being explained by major axis, minor axis, bounding box length and equivalent diameter. Furthermore, minor axis gives an overall accurate estimate of particle sieve-size, error in mean size （D-50） being just 0.4%. However, sieve-size of smaller particles （〈20 ram） strongly depends upon the length of the smaller arm of the bounding box enclosing them and sieve-sizes of larger particles （〉20 mm） are highly correlated to their equivalent diameters. Multiple linear regression analysis has been used to generate overall mass-wise particle size distribution, considering the influences of all these shape parameters on particle sieve-size. Multiple linear regression generated overall mass-wise particle size distribution shows a strong correlation with sieve generated data. The adjusted R-square value of the regression analysis is found to be 99 percent （w.r,t cumulative frequency）. The method proposed in this paper provides a time-efficient way of producing accurate （up to 99%） mass-wise PSD using digital image processing and it can be used effectively to renlace the mechanical sieving.

Size Biased Lindley Distribution and Its Properties a Special Case of Weighted Distribution

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a size biased Lindley distribution which is a special case of weighted distributions. Weighted distributions have practical significance where some types of biased occur in a density function, i.e. probability is proportional to the size of the variate, that’s why the proposed version of size biased Lindley is designed for such situations more reasonably and more precisely. Principle properties of the density function are also discussed in this paper such as moments, measure of skewness, kurtosis, moment generating function, characteristics generating function, coefficient of variation, survival function and hazard function which are derived for understanding the structure of the proposed distribution more briefly.

Fluctuation of Body Size and Body Weight of Jinchuan Female Yak within One Year

To understand the exact changes in body size and body weight of Jinchuan female yaks within one year,the body size and body weight of 30 Jinchuan female yaks were measured from July 2015 to July 2016. The results showed that the body weight of Jinchuan female yak declined continuously since October 2015,and the weight loss in November 2015 was the largest. The body weight started to increase in May 2016,and the body weight increased significantly in June and July of 2016.

Molecular Weight Distribution of Dissolved Organic Matter in Lake Hongfeng Determined by High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC) With On-Line UV-Vis Absorbance and Fluorescence Detection

The molecular weight distribution (MWD) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in lake waters from Lake Hongfeng was examined using high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with UV-vis absorbance and fluorescence detection. The elution curves obtained by absorbance and fluorescence techniques expressed similar patterns, with the exception of diminishing of large fraction and the peaks behind several seconds in fluorescence chromatograms. According to its molecular weight (MW), DOM in water samples is divided into several fractions: large ({>3.5} kDa); medium-large ({3.5}-{2.0} kDa); medium ({2.0}-{1.0} kDa) and small ({<1.0} kDa). The average molecular weight was calculated using the elution curve detected by UV-vis absorbance and fluorescence detection techniques. The results showed that the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and number-average molecular weight (Mn) calculated by UV-vis absorbance techniques range from 1750 to 2050 Dalton and from 1450 to 1850 Dalton, respectively. And the Mw and Mn obtained by fluorescence detection are lower by 50 to 400 Dalton. As a reference, the molecular weight of Fluka humic acid (FHA) is larger than that of water samples by about 200 Dalton. The average molecular weight of DOM for water samples collected in March and July was compared. The results revealed that the molecular weight is lower for water samples obtained in July than that obtained in March, indicating the ambient environment has an influence on the molecular weight, including photo-degradation and biological activity.

Identification of a novel seed size associated locus SW9-1 in soybean

Seed size is one of the vital traits determining seed appearance, quality, and yield. Untangling the genetic mechanisms regulating soybean 100-seed weight (100-SW), seed length and seed width across environments may provide a theoretical basis for improving seed yield. However, there are few reports related to QTL mapping of 100-SW across multiple ecological regions. In this study, 21 loci associated with seed size traits were identified using a genome-wide association of 5361 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across three ecoregions in China, which could explain 8.12%–14.25% of the phenotypic variance respectively. A new locus, named as SW9-1 on chromosome 9 that explained 10.05%–10.93% of the seed weight variance was found significantly related to seed size traits, and was not previously reported. The selection effect analysis showed that SW9-1 locus has a relatively high phenotypic effect (13.67) on 100-SW, with a greater contribution by the accessions with bigger seeds (3.69) than the accessions with small seeds (1.66). Increases in seed weight were accompanied by increases in the frequency of SW9-1T allele, with >90% of the bred varieties with a 100-SW >30 g carrying SW9-1T. Analysis of SW9-1 allelic variation in additional soybean accessions showed that SW9-1T allele accounting for 13.83% of the wild accessions, while in 46.55% and 51.57% of the landraces and bred accessions, respectively, this results indicating that the SW9-1 locus has been subjected to artificial selection during the early stages of soybean breeding, especially the utilization of SW9-1T in edamame for big seed. These results suggest that SW9-1 is a novel and reliable locus associated with seed size traits, and might have an important implication for increasing soybean seed weight in molecular design breeding. Cloning this locus in future may provide new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying soybean seed size traits.

Large pore size polyacrylonitrile membrane for ultrafiltration

The effects of the components of solution for membrane casting and preparation conditions on the membrane performances are studied in this paper. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was used as polymer and DMAC as solvent. The ultrafiltration (UF) membranes whose cut-off of molecular weight is 150000 and flux of pure water reaches 150-200 ml/(cm2&middoth) were prepared by selecting proper components of solution for membrane casting and membrane preparation conditions.

Mapping and genetic validation of a grain size QTL qGS7.1 in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Grain size is a major determinant of grain weight, which is one of the components of rice yield. The objective o this study was to identify novel, and important quantitative trait loci(QTLs) for grain size and weight in rice. QTLs were mapped using a BC4F4 population including 192 backcross inbred lines(BILs) derived from a backcross between Xiaolijing(XLJ) and recombinant inbred lines(RILs). The mapping population was planted in both Lingshui(Hainan, 2015) and Fuyang(Zhejiang, 2016), with the short-and long-day conditions, respectively. A total of 10 QTLs for grain length, four for grain width, four for the ratio of grain length to width, and 11 for grain weight were detected in at least one environment and were distributed across 11 chromosomes. The phenotypic variance explained ranged from 6.76–25.68%, 14.30–34.03%, 5.28–26.50%, and 3.01–22.87% for grain length, grain width, the ratio of grain length to width, and thousand grain weight, respectively. Using the sequential residual heterozygotes(SeqRHs) method, qGS7.1, a QTL for grain size and weight, was mapped in a 3.2-Mb interval on chromosome 7. No QTLs about grain size and weight were reported in previous studies in this region, providing a good candidate for functional analysis and breeding utilization.

Outcomes of adult patients adopting small-for-size grafts in living donor liver transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Small-for-size graft(SFSG) has emerged as one of the very contentions in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation(LDLT) as a certain graft size is related to recipients’ prognosis. Graftto-recipient weight ratio(GRWR)≥0.8% was considered as a threshold to conduct LDLT. However, this also has been challenged over decades as a result of technique refinements. For a better understanding of SFSG in practice, we conducted this meta-analysis to compare the perioperative outcomes and long-term outcomes between patients adopting the grafts with a lower volume(GRWR < 0.8%, SFSG group) and sufficient volume(GRWR ≥ 0.8%, non-SFSG group) in adult-to-adult LDLT. Data sources: The studies comparing recipients adopting graft with a GRWR < 0.8% and ≥ 0.8% were searched by three authors independently in Pub Med, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases until September 2018 and data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3.5. Results: Sixteen studies with a total of 3272 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. In terms of small-for-size syndrome(SFSS), no significant difference was found in subjects enrolled after year 2010(before 2010, OR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.69–5.35, P = 0.0002;after 2010, OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.79–1.90, P = 0.36;P for interaction: 0.02). There was no significant difference in operative duration, blood loss, cold ischemia time, biliary complications, acute rejection, postoperative bleeding, hospitalization time, perioperative mortality, and 1-, 3-and 5-year overall survival rates between two groups. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that adopting SFSG in adult LDLT has comparable outcomes to those with non-SFSG counterparts since 2010.

Preparation of Light-weight Spinel Refractories by Foaming-gel Process

Light-weight magnesium -aluminate spinel materi- als were prepared by foaming-gel process with polyalumi- nium chloride （PAC） as gel. Effect of solid loading in initial slurry on microstructure, porosity, pore size distri- bution, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties was investigated. The results show that the bulk density of the light-weight magnesium -aluminate spinel mate- rials is in the range of O. 7 1.2 g cm-3 ; pore size distribution curves show single-peak characteristics and the mean pore size is in the range of 30. 83 - 61.37 μm ; with the increase of solid loading, the linear shrinkage of the green body during firing and the permanent change in dimensions on heating at l 600 ℃ for 3 h de- crease, but the bulk density increases, the mechanical properties increase obviously; the maximum compressive strength and bending strength reach 35. 25 MPa and 9. 92 MPa, respectively, while the bulk density is 1. 16 g · cm ; and the thermal conductivity at 1 000 ℃ tea- ches 0. 371 W · m-1 . K-1 while the bulk density is O. 7 -3 g · cm

Graft-to-recipient weight ratio lower to 0.7% is safe without portal pressure modulation in right-lobe living donor liver transplantation with favorable conditions

BACKGROUND: The low graft-to-recipient weight ratio(GRWR) in adult-to-adult living donor liver transplantation(LDLT) is one of the major risk factors affecting graft survival. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether the lower limit of the GRWR can be safely reduced without portal pressure modulation in right-lobe LDLT. METHODS: From 2005 to 2011, 317 consecutive patients from a single institute underwent LDLT with right-lobe grafts without portal pressure modulation. Of these, 23 had a GRWR of less than 0.7%(group A), 27 had a GRWR of ≥0.7%, 【0.8%(group B), and 267 had a GRWR of more than and equal to 0.8%(group C). Medical records, including recipient, donor, operation factors, laboratory findings and complications were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The baseline demographics showed low model for end-stage liver disease score(mean 16.3±8.9) and high percentage of hepatocellular carcinoma(231 patients, 72.9%). Three groups by GRWR demonstrated similar characteristics except recipient body mass index and donor gender. For smallforsize syndrome, there were 3(13.0%) in group A, 1(3.7%) in group B, and 2 patients(0.7%) in group C(P【0.001). Hepatic artery thrombosis was more frequently observed in group A than in groups B and C(8.7% vs 3.7% vs 1.9%, P=0.047). However, among the three groups, graft survival rates at 1 year(100% vs 96.3% vs 93.6%) and 3 years(91.7% vs 73.2% vs 88.1%) were not different(P=0.539). In laboratory measurements,there was no group difference in total bilirubin and albumin. However, prothrombin time was longer in group A within postoperative 1 week and platelet count was lower in groups A and B within postoperative 1 month. CONCLUSION: A GRWR lower to 0.7% is safe and does not need to modulate portal pressure in adult-to-adult LDLT using the right-lobe in favorable conditions including low model for end-stage liver disease score.

藏鸡杂交组合生长发育规律研究

研究旨在通过藏鸡杂交分析其生长发育规律,为藏鸡的杂交利用打好理论基础。以藏鸡纯系及其他2个地方鸡培育品系为素材,组成3个二元杂交组合和2个纯系组合,观测育雏期体重、公鸡7~13周龄体重、母鸡7~44周龄体重和13周龄公母鸡体尺、44周龄母鸡体尺,分析体重体尺相关性,探明藏鸡杂交鸡生长发育规律。结果显示:杂交组合各阶段公母鸡体重均明显大于藏鸡纯系(P<0.05),13周龄公母鸡体尺、44周龄母鸡体尺也明显大于藏鸡纯系(P<0.05)。各杂交组合公鸡体重体尺相关性较高,而母鸡则较低,综合分析表明,含藏鸡血缘的杂交鸡体重、体尺性状与藏鸡纯系相比均显著提高(P<0.05),其生长性能具有明显杂交优势。

长江三角洲白山羊不同杂交组合早期生长发育性状研究

为了研究长江三角洲白山羊不同杂交组合生长发育的差异,以长江三角洲白山羊为母本、以萨能奶山羊和波尔山羊为父本进行杂交选育,分析萨白F_(1)、波萨白F_(2)和长江三角洲白山羊F_(0)60日龄体重与体尺指标的变化。结果显示:波萨白F_(2)各日龄体重、平均日增重均显著高于长江三角洲白山羊F_(0)(P<0.05);波萨白F_(2)各日龄体重和平均日增重均高于萨白F_(1),萨白F_(1)各日龄体重和平均日增重均高于长江三角洲白山羊F_(0),但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。整个试验期间,波萨白F_(2)、萨白F_(1)各日龄体尺指标均高于长江三角洲白山羊F_(0),但差异均不显著(P>0.05);各组羊的体尺数据随着日龄的增加呈递增的趋势。该试验通过分析不同杂交组合羔羊体重、体尺等早期生长发育性状,为培育具有较高经济价值的长江三角洲白山羊肉用品种(系)提供了一定参考。

超高分子质量PVC树脂合成及性能研究

介绍了超高分子质量PVC树脂的合成工艺。以合成的平均聚合度为5000的超高分子质量PVC树脂为研究对象,对其常规质量性能、粒度、颗粒形貌、加工性能等进行表征和分析研究。结果表明:超高分子质量PVC树脂具有较好的孔隙结构和塑化性能,具有较好的柔韧性、耐磨性等力学性能,适用于弹性体制品生产。

昆明犬幼犬生长发育规律研究

[目的]为揭示昆明犬幼犬的生长发育规律,进一步提升育种创新水平。[方法]选择24只8~27周龄昆明犬为试验对象,测定8个体尺指标(体高、体长、胸围、腹围、胸深、胸宽、荐高和管围)及体质量,并分析6个体尺指数(体长指数、胸围指数、胸宽指数、体躯指数、臀高指数和管围指数)与体尺、体质量间的Pearson相关性。[结果]随着周龄的增加,昆明犬幼犬体尺、体质量逐步升高,且公犬的生长速度总体要快于母犬;生长强度呈现出先高后低的趋势,在0~8周龄最高;绝对生长呈现出先升高后降低的规律,在12~14周龄最大。不同生长阶段幼犬的体尺指数变化幅度在4.26%~21.70%。除腹围与管围、胸宽、体高、胸深、荐高、体长的Pearson相关性不显著外,其他指标间均存在极显著相关性。其中,荐高与体高、体长的相关系数分别为0.979和0.880,体质量与8个体尺指标的相关系数为0.353~0.740,均达到极显著水平。[结论]昆明犬幼犬主要部位生长发育均衡;加强幼犬0~8周龄的饲养管理有利于挖掘其生长潜能;根据体尺、体质量间的相关性可精简测定指标、优化选育方案。

复合酶制剂对哺乳期驴驹生长发育及营养物质消化代谢的影响

试验旨在探究复合酶制剂对驴驹生长发育、营养物质消化代谢的影响,为哺乳驴驹早期胃肠道机能、肠道健康及营养需要量的研究提供参考依据。选择出生日期与体重[(45.22±7.32)kg]相近,健康的2月龄哺乳母驴驹10头。随机分为对照组与试验组,每组各5头。在相同的饲养管理条件下,驴驹自由哺乳,自由采食玉米秸秆和苜蓿,补喂精料补充料。试验组驴驹在对照组驴驹饲喂的基础上补喂复合酶制剂(木聚糖酶15000 U/g,β-甘露聚糖酶400 U/g,β-葡聚糖酶10000 U/g,纤维素酶2000 U/g,蛋白酶1000 U/g,淀粉酶300000 U/g),补喂量为6.5 mg/(kg BW·d),进行为期60 d的补饲及营养物质消化代谢试验。结果显示:驴驹的体重、体尺无显著性变化,试验组驴驹体斜长和管围总增长较对照组分别提高了26.02%和2.17%(P>0.05);试验组驴驹干物质、有机物、酸性洗涤纤维、钙、磷和能量的采食量分别比对照组提高了2.99%、3.14%、6.67%、2.07%、1.11%和2.81%(P>0.05);试验组驴驹摄入能、粪能、沉积能、摄入氮、粪氮、沉积氮、氮代谢率、摄入钙、粪钙、沉积钙、钙代谢率、摄入磷、沉积磷和磷代谢率分别比对照组提高了2.81%、13.03%、4.46%、1.65%、10.09%、21.49%、19.54%、2.07%、3.47%、4.59%、2.32%、1.11%、39.06%和40.77%,尿能、尿氮、尿钙、粪磷和尿磷分别比对照组降低了78.10%、20.19%、33.33%、4.35%和9.81%,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,在本研究条件下,给驴驹补喂酶制剂促进了驴驹体斜长和管围的增长,营养物质的采食量和代谢率有升高的趋势,但均未达到显著的效果。

饲粮粗蛋白水平对1~6周龄盐津乌骨鸡体重和体尺性状的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白水平对1~6周龄盐津乌骨鸡体重和体尺性状的影响。选取1日龄健康、体重相近的盐津乌骨鸡120只,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复8只鸡,分别饲喂粗蛋白水平为18.59%、20.09%和21.37%的试验饲粮。试验期6周。结果表明,1周龄时,21.37%组体重极显著高于18.59%组、20.09%组(P<0.01);3周龄时,20.09%组、21.37%组体重显著高于18.59%组(P<0.05)。饲粮粗蛋白水平对1周龄盐津乌骨鸡的平均日增重、料重比具有极显著影响(P<0.01),对3周龄平均日增重具有显著影响(P<0.05)。21.37%组1周龄体斜长、龙骨长、胫长、体高显著或极显著低于18.59%组(P<0.05或P<0.01);20.09%组2周龄胸宽显著高于18.59%组(P<0.05);21.37%组3周龄体斜长、胸深显著或极显著高于18.59%组(P<0.05或P<0.01);21.37%组4周龄胸宽显著高于18.59%组(P<0.05);21.37%组5周龄体斜长、龙骨长、副翼羽长显著高于18.59%组(P<0.05)。在6周龄时,18.59%组盐津乌骨鸡体重与体尺性状、羽毛性状的相关程度为胫长>体斜长>龙骨长>盆骨宽>主翼羽数>胸深>副翼羽长>体高>主翼羽长>胫围>胸宽(R=-0.004~0.885);20.09%组盐津乌骨鸡体重与体尺性状、羽毛性状的相关程度为体高>胸深>副翼羽长>龙骨长>主翼羽数>胸宽>体斜长>胫围>胫长>盆骨宽>主翼羽长(R=0.326~0.805);21.37%组盐津乌骨鸡体重与体尺性状、羽毛性状的相关程度为体斜长>胸深>胫围>胸宽>龙骨长>盆骨宽>体高>副翼羽长>主翼羽长>胫长>主翼羽数(R=-0.051~0.873)。研究表明,饲粮粗蛋白水平为21.37%时,1~6周龄盐津乌骨鸡的生长发育性能较好;饲粮粗蛋白水平为20.09%时,6周龄体重与体尺性状、羽毛性状指标相关性较好。

鲁中肉羊不同生长阶段体尺体重的遗传参数估计

估计鲁中肉羊不同生长阶段体尺、体重的遗传参数,分析各性状间的遗传规律,以期为鲁中肉羊育种规划工作提供理论依据。收集2015—2019年共15 040条鲁中肉羊体尺、体重数据,以初生、3月龄、6月龄、周岁和成年阶段的体重、体高、体长、胸围、胸宽、胸深、管围性状为研究对象,利用DMU软件中AI-REML结合EM算法并配合动物模型,以出生年份、出生季节和性别为固定效应,以加性效应和母体效应为随机效应,估计各性状的遗传力和遗传相关。结果表明,初生至成年阶段鲁中肉羊的体重的遗传力为0.18~0.51,体高的遗传力为0.15~0.60,体长的遗传力为0.09~0.42,胸围的遗传力为0.11~0.43,胸宽的遗传力为0.05~0.39,胸深的遗传力为0.06~0.21,管围的遗传力为0.11~0.59,初生至6月龄阶段母体遗传力为0.15~0.26,不同阶段性状间遗传相关系数-0.52~0.98,表型相关系数为-0.05~0.95,不同生长阶段间体重的遗传相关系数为-0.10~0.87,表型相关系数为0.01~0.91。综上,母体遗传效应对鲁中肉羊早期生长性状影响较大,随着成长母体遗传效应逐步减弱,周岁阶段体重遗传力在本研究中最高,不同生长阶段体尺体重间存在中到高的遗传相关,各生长阶段间6月龄与周岁阶段体重遗传相关系数最高。

嘉积鸭母鸭体尺性状与瘦肉重的相关分析

为对嘉积鸭瘦肉重进行有效选择,研究测定了71日龄嘉积鸭体尺性状,运用SPSS 26.0软件分析体尺性状与瘦肉重间的相关性及其对瘦肉重的影响,建立了体尺性状与瘦肉重的最优回归模型。结果显示:瘦肉重(Y)与龙骨长(X_(3))极显著正相关(r=0.394,P<0.01),与胸深(X_(4))显著正相关(r=0.276,P<0.05);龙骨长、胸深、半潜水长(X_(2))是影响71日龄嘉积鸭瘦肉重的重要指标,其中龙骨长对瘦肉重的直接影响最大,为0.649,胸深和半潜水长对瘦肉重的直接影响分别为0.386和0.283;71日龄嘉积鸭体尺对瘦肉重的最优回归模型为:Y=-680.197+33.651X_(3)+27.744X_(4)+8.531X_(2)。综上所述,71日龄嘉积鸭瘦肉重与龙骨长、胸深和半潜水长密切相关,可通过建立的最优回归方程实现对瘦肉重进行间接选择。