It is shown that the measurement of only one component of the Wein’s spectrum of thermal radiation in range λT ≤ 3000 (°C μm) is sufficient to estimate the true temperature and spectral emissivity of the s...It is shown that the measurement of only one component of the Wein’s spectrum of thermal radiation in range λT ≤ 3000 (°C μm) is sufficient to estimate the true temperature and spectral emissivity of the selected component with sufficient accuracy, although more than one hundred years this statement was considered as incorrect. The proposed method is based on the formation of the linear dependence of the logarithm of the emissivity of not real wavelengths and artificially generated “virtual” spectral components.展开更多
Using model like hot air bloom with zero-weighted membrane wrapped hot air, surrounded by cold air, this paper sets up a partial differential equation (PDE) of motion of mushroom cloud by modifying Navier-Stokes (N-S)...Using model like hot air bloom with zero-weighted membrane wrapped hot air, surrounded by cold air, this paper sets up a partial differential equation (PDE) of motion of mushroom cloud by modifying Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations. The obtained equation is a vector PDE. It states that the derivative of velocity is with respect to time proportions to the gradient of temperature with respect to trace. Its solution is obtained by the method of separating variables for scalar function. These results have been compared with well agreement with literatures. Highlight: The Principle of Minimum Energy Release (PMER) is used to prove the pulse-mode of explosion of nuclear weapon, as great Earthquake, and optimum path problems.展开更多
文摘It is shown that the measurement of only one component of the Wein’s spectrum of thermal radiation in range λT ≤ 3000 (°C μm) is sufficient to estimate the true temperature and spectral emissivity of the selected component with sufficient accuracy, although more than one hundred years this statement was considered as incorrect. The proposed method is based on the formation of the linear dependence of the logarithm of the emissivity of not real wavelengths and artificially generated “virtual” spectral components.
文摘Using model like hot air bloom with zero-weighted membrane wrapped hot air, surrounded by cold air, this paper sets up a partial differential equation (PDE) of motion of mushroom cloud by modifying Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations. The obtained equation is a vector PDE. It states that the derivative of velocity is with respect to time proportions to the gradient of temperature with respect to trace. Its solution is obtained by the method of separating variables for scalar function. These results have been compared with well agreement with literatures. Highlight: The Principle of Minimum Energy Release (PMER) is used to prove the pulse-mode of explosion of nuclear weapon, as great Earthquake, and optimum path problems.
