Giant Induan oolite:A case study from the Lower Triassic Daye Formation in the western Hubei Province,South China

Most Phanerozoic oolites are marked by ooids with a diameter less than 2 mm. Observations on a Neoproterozoic oolite have resulted in a change of concept. The term ＂pisolite＂ that traditionally referred to oolites with a grain size of more than 2 ram, is now restricted to those coated carbonate grains formed by meteoritic freshwater diagenesis; oolites with a grain size of more than 2 mm are now defined as ＂giant＂. Particular unusual giant oolites within a set of oolitic-bank limestones with thicknesses of more than 40 m in the top part of the Lower Triassic （Induan） Daye （Ruiping） Formation at the Lichuan section in the western part of Hubei Province in South China, represent an important sedimentological phenomenon in both the specific geological period and the geological setting that is related to the end-Permian biological mass extinction. Like the giant oolites of the Neoproterozoic that represent deposits where oolites formed in a vast low-angle carbonate ramp at that special geological period, the Triassic Daye Formation at the study section are significant because they provide a comparative example to help understand the evolving carbonate world reflected by oolites, the origin of which is still uncertain, and they give insight into the sedimentation pattern of the desolate sea floor, which resulted from the mass extinction at the turn of the Permian into the Triassic.

Hand in Hand East and West to Build a Glorious Gansu——Talk on the cooperation between the East and West of China by Mr.Cui Zhenghua,vice governor of Gansu Province

To implement the CPC CentralCommittee’s strategy of slanting theeconomic construction to the Midand West of China and to further promote thedevelopment and cooperation of economyand trade between the East and West, theEast-West Business and Trade Talks wereheld by the China Council for the Promotionof International Trade (CCPIT). At theconference, Mr. Cui Zhenghua, vice governorof Gansu Province and concurrently chairmanof the Gansu Subcouncil of the CCPIT,delivered a speech on the economiccooperation and development between theEast and West of China.

Current Situation and Development Countermeasures on Grassland Resource in Farming-pasturing Ecotone in West Jilin Province

Upon the current degradation situation of grassland in west Jilin Province,I analyzed the effects of natural factors and human activities on the degradation of grassland,and further purposefully put forward countermeasures on the remediation and development of grassland.As a conclusion,scientifically utilizing and protecting the grassland resources could suppress grassland degradation,promoting the sustainable development of regional economy.

Effect analysis of borehole microseismic monitoring technology on shale gas fracturing in western Hubei

Hydraulic fracturing technology is an important means of shale gas development,and microseismic monitoring is the key technology of fracturing effect evaluation.In this study,hydraulic fracturing and microseismic monitoring were simultaneously conducted in the Eyangye 2HF well(hereinafter referred to as EYY2HF well).The target stratum of this well is the second member of the Doushantuo Formation of the Sinian System,which is the oldest stratum of horizontal shale gas wells in the world.A total of 4341 microseismic fracturing events were identified,and 23 fracturing stages of the well were defined.The fluctuation of the number of events showed a repeating“high-low”pattern,and the average energy of these events showed minimal differences.These findings indicate that the water pressure required for the reconstruction of the EYY2HF well is appropriate.The main body of the fracture network extended from northwest to southeast,consistent with the interpretation of regional geological and seismic data.The stimulated rock volumes showed a linear increase with the increase of the fracturing stage.Some technological measures,such as quick lift displacement,quick lift sand ratio,and pump stop for secondary sand addition,were adopted during fracturing to increase the complexity of the fracture network.Microseismic fracture monitoring of the well achieved expected eff ects and guided real-time fracturing operations and fracturing eff ect evaluation.

Research on Development Strategy of Tourism Supporting for Poverty Alleviation in West Hubei

West Hubei Circle referred to the eight cities and prefectures which were Xiangfan,Jingzhou,Yichang,Shiyan,Jingmen,Suizhou,Enshi and Shennongjia.The economic and social development in this area was lagging behind,with wide poverty area,large impoverished population,poor natural condition and weak development foundation.Owing to lack of investment sources,the poverty-overcoming cost and poverty-returning rate in this area was high.It was the key area of poverty alleviation of Hubei Province.On the basis of analysis of the features of poverty alleviation in poverty-stricken areas of West Hubei,with the internal relation between tourism and poverty-alleviation as the reference,the author proposed the conceptualization of linkage development of tourism and poverty-alleviation west Hubei and preliminarily analyzed the feasibility of the linkage development between tourism and poverty-alleviation.The author considered that tourism and poverty-alleviation could mutually complement each other in function.The cultural and ecological tourism resources in West Hubei were abundant and unique,high in resources taste.And tourism was an industry with high return and intensive capital.It could collect capitals,lands,talents and technologies,win a great deal of human,material,capital and information resources in West Hubei,so as the promote the amelioration of the rural infrastructure and living conditions and urban construction.Meanwhile,the basic strategy of poverty-alleviation was put forward,that is,establishing the development mechanism with government as the lead and enterprises as the subjects,the financing mechanism of diversified investments and wide-ranging financing.Besides,with tourism as the trigger,tourism supporting for poverty-alleviation and ecological cultural village would be developed simultaneously,assisted by community participation mechanism,so as to realize mutual benefit and win-win cooperation of tourism and poverty-alleviation.

Geochemical Characteristics and Uranium Mineralization Potential of The Yanshanian Granite in The West of Yunnan Province

1 Introduction The Sanjiang metallogenic belt is one of the important nonferrous metal metallogenic belts in China,the potential resources of copper,lead,zinc,silver,gold and tin are huge(Zhengqian et al.,1993).In the west of Yunnan province has a lot of Yanshanian granite,according to 1:20 million test data,development of granite belt rich in radioactive minerals in the west of Yunnan

Study on the Change Character of Double Rice Cold Damage in Hunan and Hubei Province during the Past 50 Years

Based on the meteorological data of representative meteorological stations in Hunan and Hubei from 1961 to 2008 years,the change character of double rice cold damage under the background of climate change were analyzed adopting 30 years glide accumulation method.The analysis showed that the 30 years sliding cumulative days of mild low-temperature during spring sowing in Hunan and Hubei were decreased in the recent 50 years,as well as the 30 years sliding cumulative days of moderate low-temperature in central south Hubei,northern and western Hunan.However,there was an increase in southern Hunan,so was the 30 years sliding cumulative days of severe low-temperature.The 30 years sliding cumulative days of mild low-temperature in May reduced in Hunan and Hubei.Instead,that of moderate low-temperature in May in central south Hubei was on the rise,and it was opposite in northern and southern Hunan,but there was no obvious change in western Hunan.The 30 years sliding cumulative days of severe low-temperature showed a decreasing tendency in May in central south Hubei,northern and western Hunan,and southern Hunan showed a contrary tendency.The 30 years sliding cumulative days of mild cold dew wind in Hunan and Hubei were decreased,that of moderate cold dew wind in central south Hubei,northern and western Hunan had the same tendency,but there was a contrary tendency in southern Hunan.The 30 years sliding cumulative days of severe cold dew wind was decreased in central south Hubei and increased in western Hunan,without cold dew wind in northern and southern Hunan.

Ecological Footprint and Major Driving Forces in West Jilin Province, Northeast China

The environmental impact caused by local people （ecological footprint of consumption, EFc） and the actual environmental impact that the ecosystem burdens （ecological footprint of production, EFp） in West Jilin Province, Northeast China from 1986 to 2006 were evaluated by using ecological footprint （EF） method. And the major driving forces of EFc and EFp were analyzed by STIRPAT model. Both EFc and EFp showed increasing trends in 1986-2006, accompanied by decreasing ecological deficits but expanding ecological overshoots. Population （P）, GDP per capita （A1）, quadratic term of GDP per capita （A2）, urbanization （Tα1）, and quadratic term of urbanization （Ta2） were important influencing factors of EFc, among which Tα2 and Tα1 were the most dominate driving forces of EFc. A1, A2 and Tα2 were important influencing factors of EFp, among which A2 and A1 were the most dominate driving forces of EFp. In 1986-2006, the classical Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis did not exist between A2 and EF （both EFc and EFp）, but did between Tα2 and EF. The results indicate that enhancing the urbanization process and diversifying economic sources is one of the most effective ways to reduce the environmental impact of West Jilin Province. Moreover, importance should be attached to improve the eco-efficiency of resource exploitation and consumption.

He-Ar-S-Pb Isotopic Compositions of Pyrite：Constraints on the Source of Ore-forming Materials of the Chengchao Skarn Iron Deposit,SE Hubei Province,Eastern China

The Chengchao iron deposit,the largest high-grade skarn iron deposit in southeastern Hubei Province,contains considerable amounts of magnetite and by-product anhydrite.To obtain better understanding of the ore-formation process,this study carried out He-Ar-S-Pb multi-isotopic analyses on the pyrites formed during two stages of mineralization.The results indicate that the δ34S values（ranging from 14.0‰ to 17.6‰） of pyrites formed from the two stages have no obvious differences,suggesting that they were not derived from a single magmatic sulfur source.The δ34S values of anhydrite mostly range from 21.9‰ to 28.4‰,similar to that of the Middle Triassic sedimentary anhydrite in the Middle-Lower Yangtze River metallogenic belt（MLYRB）.The Pb isotopic compositions of the pyrites of both stages are homogeneous,with values of 208Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204Pb,and-206Pb/204Pb being 38.006-38.257,15.523-15.556,and 17.806-18.052,respectively,indicating a mixed crust-mantle source.The He-Ar results exhibit different compositions of the two stages：the -3He/-4He（R/Ra） and 40Ar/-36Ar values for the early-stage pyrite are 0.46-0.63 and 311-322,respectively,whereas the values for late-stage pyrite are 0.23-0.34 and 305-361,respectively.Both stages of pyrites indicate the multiple sources of the ore-forming fluids,with decreasing amount of magmatic water and increasing amount of modified meteoric water（MASW） during fluid evolution.The Triassic evaporites played an important role in the mineralization process.

New Re-Os Dating of Auriferous Pyrite from the Suoluogou Large Gold Deposit in Muli County, West Sichuan Province

Objective The Suoluogou gold depositin Muli County of Sichuan Province is located in the southern section of the GanziLitang suture zone(Fig.la),which is the largest gold deposit discovered in this suture zone in recent years.At present,the exploration of the Suoluogou gold deposit is still in progress,and the amount of resource is increasing.

A STUDY ON DESERTIFICATION OF WEST JILIN PROVINCE BASED ON REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES

'West Jilin Province' in this paper means Zhenlai, Baicheng, Taonan, Da'an,Tongyu, Fuyu, Songyuan, Qian'an, Changling, also includes Gongzhuling, Shuangliao, Lishu, Siping andNong' an which have been suffered from desertification. In west Jilin Province there are three sandzones passing through, they are Xiang (Xianghai) -Wu (Ulan Tug) sand zone, Hai-Feng sand zone, andTao'er River right bank sand zone. The desertification area of west Jilin Province is 819 100 ha,making up 12. 5% of the total land area. Among desertification types, in Jilin Province lightdesertification is the major, then is medium decertification, hevey desertification is the least.According to the comparison of the interpretation results of the Landsat images of the 1980s and the1990s by remote sensing and GIS techniques, it can be seen that the desertification area in westJilin Province basically didn't change on the whole, only increased 6130 ha, making up 0. 8% of thedesertification area, change scale is less than 1%. Evidently, desertification is controlled mostly,but some areas are continuing deterioration. The desertification process of China can be dividedinto three types according to origin nature, they are sandy steppe desertification, fixed sandarea(sand land) activation and dunes transfer invasion. Reasons of desertification of West JilinProvince are analyzed, they include natural factors (such as material source factors, chimatefactors) and artificial factors (such as destroying grass to reclaim, steppe decreasing greatly,illegally feeling shelter forest stands, constructing reservoir to influence eco-environment etc. ).Some suggestions are put forward as follows: establishing the social project for ecologicalreconstruction of degenerated land; intensifying planning and management of land use, revertingfarmland into forestland or pasture in a planned way. The key desertification control is to dependmainly on policy and management, then control techniques.

Research on the Current Status, Paths and Countermeasures of Family Farm Development in China——Investigation and Analysis of Hubei Province

The Chinese family farm is the most important new micro subject in the construction and development of modern agriculture in China. The investigation and analysis of the actual situation of Hubei Province showed that since the implementation of the household contract management system in rural areas, the family farm has followed the track of gradual development, breakthrough development and normal standardization development. In order to promote the family farm to develop rapidly, orderly and healthily, work must be well done to land circulation, scale management, financial support, financial subsidy, cultivation of leading talents and professional farmers, and providing all-round services.

Laser Ablation ICP-MS Titanite U-Th-Pb Dating of the Tonglushan Cu-Fe-Au Skarn Deposit,Southeastern Hubei Province

Titanite(CaTi2SiO5) is an important accessory mineral not only in magmatic and metamorphic rocks,but also commonly in hydrothermal mineral deposits. It incorporates appreciable amounts(usually 10×10-6 s to 100×10-6 s) of U and Th into its structure and has a closure temperature of Pb diffusion higher than 660～700 ℃(Scott and St-Onge,1995) ,making it an ideal U-Th-Pb geochronometer. The Daye metallogenic district is located in the west of the giant Middle-Lower Yangtze River(MLYR) Cu-Fe-Au province,eastern China and is well endowed with Fe,Cu,and polymetallic skarn deposits.

Evolution Process of Urban Spatial Pattern in Hubei Province Based on DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Data

This paper intends to investigate the urban spatial patterns of Hubei Province and its evolution from three different perspectives: urban nodes, urban connections and urban clusters. The research adopts nighttime light imagery of cities in Hubei Province, the viewpoint of ′point-axis-area′ in the ′point-axis system′ theory, and employs light index model, gravity model and social network analysis. The findings are as follows: 1) In terms of urban nodes, the urbanization process of Hubei has been carried out mainly on the basis of external expansion rather than internal increasing. The polarization trend of urban connection network is strengthening. 2) As for urban connections, the estimation of urban connections using light index model is capable of containing various actual flow, and the connections are getting increasingly closer. 3) In regard to urban groups, seven urban groups of varying sizes have formed. On that basis, three stable and relatively independent urban groups as the centers, namely Wuchang, Yichang and Xiangyang emerge as well. But the structures of ′Wuhan Metropolitan Area′, ′Yichang-Jingzhou-Jingmen City Group′ and ′Xiangyang-Shiyen-Suizhou City Group′, which are defined by local development strategy in Hubei Province, are different from the above three urban groups.

Present Situation of West Wetland in Jilin Province and Countermeasures for Restoration

The western region of Jilin Province is rich in wetland resources,and its biodiversity is rich. However in recent years,due to the reduction of natural precipitation,human activities and other causes,wetland shrivels and degenerates,biodiversity reduces,and ecosystem security is threatened. In this paper,the rivers and lakes connecting project in western Jilin Province is proposed to restore the damaged wetlands and protect important wetlands.

Quantitative Study on the Relationship between Water Disaster and Grain Production of Hubei Province in the 1990s

The research explored variation coefficient of grains and analyzed the fluctuations of grains in Hubei in the 1990s in order to investigate quantitative cor- relation between grain production and water-related disaster. The conclusion is that the effective irrigated area and growing structure are major factors influencing grain production capacity, whose grey relational degrees were 0.91 and 0.85 with grain production, respectively. These indicated that water-related disasters have significant effects on grain yield in Hubei Province.

Cenomanian-Turonian Foraminiferal Zones of West Siberian Province and Their Correlation with Canadian Province

Data on Late Cenomanian and Early Turonian foraminiferal assemblages in the northern palaeo biogeographical district of the West Siberian province are summarized in the paper. In addition, the section of borehole 1016 of the Parusovaya area located in the far north of the province is considered. New information on the foraminiferal zones of this stratigraphic level along with the previously known sections of the Tazovskaya, Purpeiskaya, Van-Eganskaya areas provided an opportunity to carry out a correlation of these zones between the West Siberian and the Canadian provinces (Western Canada, Northern Alaska). The West Siberian Late Cenomanian Trochammina wetteri tumida, Verneuilinoides kansasensis and the Early Turonian Gaudryinopsis angustus foraminiferal zones have their analogues as similar zones in the Canadian province. Due to the provided correlation of the micropalaeontological (foraminiferal) zones, their age in the West Siberian province has been clarified. Besides, similarity of the conditions of dwelling within the boundaries of the entire Arctic palaeobiogeographical realm has been observed.

Impacts of the Minimum Purchase Price Policy for Grain on the Planting Area of Rice in Hubei Province Based on a Mixed Linear Model

Impacts of the minimum purchase price policy for grain on the planting area of rice in Hubei Province were analyzed based on a mixed linear model.After the indicator system containing the minimum purchase price policy and other factors influencing the planting area of rice was constructed,principal component analysis of the system was conducted,and then a mixed linear model where the planting area of rice was as the dependent variable was established.The results show that after the exclusion of the interference from other factors,the minimum purchase price policy for grain had a positive impact on the planting area of rice in Hubei Province.That is,the minimum purchase price policy significantly stimulated the growth of rice planting area in Hubei Province.

Financial Poverty Alleviation in Rural Areas of Hubei Province

In order to find out the various restrictions and difficulties of financial poverty alleviation in rural areas,taking Hubei Province as an example,this paper firstly introduced current situations of financial poverty alleviation in rural areas of Hubei Province. Then,it analyzed problems confronted by financial poverty alleviation in rural areas of Hubei Province:( i) subjects of financial poverty alleviation not mature and poverty alleviation risks increased,( ii) backward agricultural insurance system,( iii) rural credit system not perfect,and( iv) weak guiding policies of financial poverty alleviation. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations: improving rural financial environment,actively developing the innovation mode of financial poverty alleviation,and strengthening relevant supervision efforts.