In this paper,NCEP reanalysis data,intensive observation data collected from field experiment,model simulation data,and topographic trial data are fully analyzed to study a severe heavy rainfall event during 5 6 June ...In this paper,NCEP reanalysis data,intensive observation data collected from field experiment,model simulation data,and topographic trial data are fully analyzed to study a severe heavy rainfall event during 5 6 June 2008 in South China.Unlike most warm region rainfall cases,this one is associated with an obvious vortex system,which draws in water vapor and energy from the southwest monsoon surges ahead of a low trough above the Bengal Bay (BLT,Bengal Low Trough).At the lower troposphere,three currents,especially the southwest current and the east current,converge into the southeast of the vortex.Thus,the distributions of strong vorticity,water vapor,and ascending motion cause frequently occurrence and growth of convection there.The possible reasons for this rainfall event are summarized as a conceptual model.展开更多
In this paper,the relationship between a pair of low-frequency vortexes over the equatorial Indian Ocean and the South China Sea(SCS) summer monsoon onset is studied based on a multi-year(1980-2003) analysis.A pair of...In this paper,the relationship between a pair of low-frequency vortexes over the equatorial Indian Ocean and the South China Sea(SCS) summer monsoon onset is studied based on a multi-year(1980-2003) analysis.A pair of vortexes symmetric about the equator is an important feature prior to the SCS summer monsoon onset.A composite analysis shows that the life cycle of the pair of vortexes is closely associated with the SCS summer monsoon onset.The westerly between the twin cyclones is an important factor to the SCS summer monsoon onset process.展开更多
Using the NCEP 1°×1°reanalysis data,several obvious differences of the structural characteristics of developed versus undeveloped mid-level vortexes are studied.First,the central vorticity of the develo...Using the NCEP 1°×1°reanalysis data,several obvious differences of the structural characteristics of developed versus undeveloped mid-level vortexes are studied.First,the central vorticity of the developed mid-level vortex increases towards higher levels while the undeveloped one decreases.The low-level convergence structure maintains well in the developed mid-level vortex whereas the undeveloped one does badly.Second,on the one hand,according to the symmetric analysis,the horizontal wind field and wind vertical section of the developed mid-level vortex are well symmetric while those of the undeveloped one are less symmetric.Meanwhile,weak wind vertical shear help the developed mid-level vortex to establish a warm core in upper-and mid-levels of the troposphere.On the other hand,according to the balance analysis,better balance between wind and pressure is shown in the mid-and lower-levels of the troposphere of the developed mid-level vortex than in those of the undeveloped vortex.Third,positive anomaly of potential vorticity is enhanced and developed in the vertical direction of the developed vortex.However,the undeveloped vortex weakens with a weak positive anomaly.展开更多
In this paper, the recent advances in the study of oceanic vortex are outlined. Firstly, the previous studies on oceanic vortex are reviewed. Secondly, some prominent features of oceanic vortex in the Gulf Stream, the...In this paper, the recent advances in the study of oceanic vortex are outlined. Firstly, the previous studies on oceanic vortex are reviewed. Secondly, some prominent features of oceanic vortex in the Gulf Stream, the Kuroshio, the South China Sea and the Japan Sea regions are depicted based upon the observations and numerical modeling results. Gene- rally, the lifetime of these oceanic vortices ranges from several weeks to several months, and their horizontal scales vary from tens of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers. Their vertical scales are on the order of thousands of meters. Finally, some theoretical studies, mainly on the splitting of a cyclonic vortex and the merging of anticyclonic vortices, are introduced.展开更多
This study uses data provided by the National Meteorological Information Center of China, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Physical Sciences Laboratory of the US...This study uses data provided by the National Meteorological Information Center of China, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Physical Sciences Laboratory of the USA to analyze a cold air weather process at the beginning of January 2021. Synoptic analysis is mainly used to summarize synoptic laws or patterns based on observational data, and describe and infer weather processes. The main conclusions are as follows: The cold air travels south along the northwest path, affecting most of China. During the cold wave process, the first cold air is weak, which has a certain cooling effect on northern China. The second cold air was guided by the low vortex, the accumulation in the transverse groove of Mongolia was strengthened, and the cooling effect was significant. The southwest jet showed an increasing trend, and the water vapor transport conditions were good. However, due to the relatively gentle southern branch system, the warm and humid air flow was weak and the precipitation level was small. The purpose of this study is to better understand a large-scale cold air weather process in January 2021 in China.展开更多
利用2000～2013年夏季6 h一次、水平分辨率为0.5°（纬度）×0.5°（经度）的CFSR（Climate Forecast System Reanalysis）再分析资料,对产生于四川盆地的西南涡和产生于大别山地区的大别山低涡进行了识别,统计出西南涡和...利用2000～2013年夏季6 h一次、水平分辨率为0.5°（纬度）×0.5°（经度）的CFSR（Climate Forecast System Reanalysis）再分析资料,对产生于四川盆地的西南涡和产生于大别山地区的大别山低涡进行了识别,统计出西南涡和大别山低涡的发生频数、初生时段、移动路径、三维结构等气候特征;在此基础上根据涡旋生成前的地面气压场和降水特征,对西南涡和大别山低涡分别进行了分类与合成研究,并细致对比了两类涡旋的异同点,主要结论如下：（1）西南涡在7月上旬最活跃,而大别山低涡则在6月上旬发生频数最高。凌晨时段是两类涡旋的高发期;西南涡日间的生成数目多于夜间,而大别山低涡则与之相反。（2）绝大多数西南涡和大别山低涡维持时间少于12 h;绝大多数西南涡维持准静止,而大别山低涡则主要向东北方向和偏东方向移动。（3）两类涡旋均为对流层中低层的低压系统,其中大别山低涡的垂直伸展层次较西南涡更低。相比于西南涡,由于水汽条件更优,大别山低涡所引发的降水更强,强降水的凝结潜热释放使得大别山低涡的平均生命史比西南涡更长。（4）产生前有降水的西南涡/大别山低涡相比于产生前无降水的西南涡/大别山低涡而言,对流层高层南亚高压的强度更强、辐散更显著;对流层中层与500 h Pa西风带短波槽的配置条件更好;对流层低层涡旋中心附近的辐合更显著、切变更强;并且对流层中低层的上升运动更强。这些都是有利于降水发生与维持的有利条件,而与降水凝结潜热密切相关的热力强迫使得产生前有降水的西南涡/大别山低涡相比于产生前无降水的西南涡/大别山低涡拥有更长的生命史长度,更大的水平半径和更大的涡旋生命史内降水量。展开更多
基于AREM模式对发生在华南地区的3次西南涡暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,并利用模拟结果分析了暴雨过程中西南涡的演变特征,结果表明:高层200 h Pa西风急流入口区、中层500 h Pa西太平洋副热带高压位置、中纬度短波槽、东北亚强冷涡的适当配...基于AREM模式对发生在华南地区的3次西南涡暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,并利用模拟结果分析了暴雨过程中西南涡的演变特征,结果表明:高层200 h Pa西风急流入口区、中层500 h Pa西太平洋副热带高压位置、中纬度短波槽、东北亚强冷涡的适当配置,中低层孟加拉湾和南海暖湿气流的持续输送,是有利于西南涡东移发展,从而造成华南地区持续性强降水的典型环流形势;降水落区与低涡位置密切相关,一般集中在西南涡中心南侧,雨带延伸方向与低涡移动路径一致;而其强度则与低涡中心区域位势高度等值线梯度及低层大气风场强度息息相关。西南涡中心低层为东风和弱北风,中层以南风为主,高层为强西风和弱北风,低层辐合、高层辐散及正涡度结构特征显著。涡度平流项和辐合辐散项的作用集中体现在中低层大气,涡度对流项、扭转项的作用则在中高层更为明显,而涡度辐合辐散项对西南涡的发展加强起最主要的作用。展开更多
基金supported by the Tropical Western-Pacific Observation and Predictability (Grant No.GYHY200706020)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No. 2009CB 421401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41175038,40930951,and 40375008)
文摘In this paper,NCEP reanalysis data,intensive observation data collected from field experiment,model simulation data,and topographic trial data are fully analyzed to study a severe heavy rainfall event during 5 6 June 2008 in South China.Unlike most warm region rainfall cases,this one is associated with an obvious vortex system,which draws in water vapor and energy from the southwest monsoon surges ahead of a low trough above the Bengal Bay (BLT,Bengal Low Trough).At the lower troposphere,three currents,especially the southwest current and the east current,converge into the southeast of the vortex.Thus,the distributions of strong vorticity,water vapor,and ascending motion cause frequently occurrence and growth of convection there.The possible reasons for this rainfall event are summarized as a conceptual model.
基金financed by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No. KZCX2-YW-Q11-03)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB950401)
文摘In this paper,the relationship between a pair of low-frequency vortexes over the equatorial Indian Ocean and the South China Sea(SCS) summer monsoon onset is studied based on a multi-year(1980-2003) analysis.A pair of vortexes symmetric about the equator is an important feature prior to the SCS summer monsoon onset.A composite analysis shows that the life cycle of the pair of vortexes is closely associated with the SCS summer monsoon onset.The westerly between the twin cyclones is an important factor to the SCS summer monsoon onset process.
基金Program for Key National Fundamental Research"Program 973"(2009CB421501)Natural Science Foundation of China(40875026)+1 种基金Specialized Scientific Research for Public Welfare Industry(Meteorological Sector)(GYHY200906008)Meteorological Sciences Research Project on Early Warning and Forecasting Technology for Marine Meteorology of the Guangdong Provincial Bureau of Meteorology
文摘Using the NCEP 1°×1°reanalysis data,several obvious differences of the structural characteristics of developed versus undeveloped mid-level vortexes are studied.First,the central vorticity of the developed mid-level vortex increases towards higher levels while the undeveloped one decreases.The low-level convergence structure maintains well in the developed mid-level vortex whereas the undeveloped one does badly.Second,on the one hand,according to the symmetric analysis,the horizontal wind field and wind vertical section of the developed mid-level vortex are well symmetric while those of the undeveloped one are less symmetric.Meanwhile,weak wind vertical shear help the developed mid-level vortex to establish a warm core in upper-and mid-levels of the troposphere.On the other hand,according to the balance analysis,better balance between wind and pressure is shown in the mid-and lower-levels of the troposphere of the developed mid-level vortex than in those of the undeveloped vortex.Third,positive anomaly of potential vorticity is enhanced and developed in the vertical direction of the developed vortex.However,the undeveloped vortex weakens with a weak positive anomaly.
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(project No.49976010 and G1999043807)as well as by the Laboratory for Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics(LED)of the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology
文摘In this paper, the recent advances in the study of oceanic vortex are outlined. Firstly, the previous studies on oceanic vortex are reviewed. Secondly, some prominent features of oceanic vortex in the Gulf Stream, the Kuroshio, the South China Sea and the Japan Sea regions are depicted based upon the observations and numerical modeling results. Gene- rally, the lifetime of these oceanic vortices ranges from several weeks to several months, and their horizontal scales vary from tens of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers. Their vertical scales are on the order of thousands of meters. Finally, some theoretical studies, mainly on the splitting of a cyclonic vortex and the merging of anticyclonic vortices, are introduced.
文摘This study uses data provided by the National Meteorological Information Center of China, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Physical Sciences Laboratory of the USA to analyze a cold air weather process at the beginning of January 2021. Synoptic analysis is mainly used to summarize synoptic laws or patterns based on observational data, and describe and infer weather processes. The main conclusions are as follows: The cold air travels south along the northwest path, affecting most of China. During the cold wave process, the first cold air is weak, which has a certain cooling effect on northern China. The second cold air was guided by the low vortex, the accumulation in the transverse groove of Mongolia was strengthened, and the cooling effect was significant. The southwest jet showed an increasing trend, and the water vapor transport conditions were good. However, due to the relatively gentle southern branch system, the warm and humid air flow was weak and the precipitation level was small. The purpose of this study is to better understand a large-scale cold air weather process in January 2021 in China.
文摘利用2000～2013年夏季6 h一次、水平分辨率为0.5°（纬度）×0.5°（经度）的CFSR（Climate Forecast System Reanalysis）再分析资料,对产生于四川盆地的西南涡和产生于大别山地区的大别山低涡进行了识别,统计出西南涡和大别山低涡的发生频数、初生时段、移动路径、三维结构等气候特征;在此基础上根据涡旋生成前的地面气压场和降水特征,对西南涡和大别山低涡分别进行了分类与合成研究,并细致对比了两类涡旋的异同点,主要结论如下：（1）西南涡在7月上旬最活跃,而大别山低涡则在6月上旬发生频数最高。凌晨时段是两类涡旋的高发期;西南涡日间的生成数目多于夜间,而大别山低涡则与之相反。（2）绝大多数西南涡和大别山低涡维持时间少于12 h;绝大多数西南涡维持准静止,而大别山低涡则主要向东北方向和偏东方向移动。（3）两类涡旋均为对流层中低层的低压系统,其中大别山低涡的垂直伸展层次较西南涡更低。相比于西南涡,由于水汽条件更优,大别山低涡所引发的降水更强,强降水的凝结潜热释放使得大别山低涡的平均生命史比西南涡更长。（4）产生前有降水的西南涡/大别山低涡相比于产生前无降水的西南涡/大别山低涡而言,对流层高层南亚高压的强度更强、辐散更显著;对流层中层与500 h Pa西风带短波槽的配置条件更好;对流层低层涡旋中心附近的辐合更显著、切变更强;并且对流层中低层的上升运动更强。这些都是有利于降水发生与维持的有利条件,而与降水凝结潜热密切相关的热力强迫使得产生前有降水的西南涡/大别山低涡相比于产生前无降水的西南涡/大别山低涡拥有更长的生命史长度,更大的水平半径和更大的涡旋生命史内降水量。
文摘基于AREM模式对发生在华南地区的3次西南涡暴雨过程进行了数值模拟,并利用模拟结果分析了暴雨过程中西南涡的演变特征,结果表明:高层200 h Pa西风急流入口区、中层500 h Pa西太平洋副热带高压位置、中纬度短波槽、东北亚强冷涡的适当配置,中低层孟加拉湾和南海暖湿气流的持续输送,是有利于西南涡东移发展,从而造成华南地区持续性强降水的典型环流形势;降水落区与低涡位置密切相关,一般集中在西南涡中心南侧,雨带延伸方向与低涡移动路径一致;而其强度则与低涡中心区域位势高度等值线梯度及低层大气风场强度息息相关。西南涡中心低层为东风和弱北风,中层以南风为主,高层为强西风和弱北风,低层辐合、高层辐散及正涡度结构特征显著。涡度平流项和辐合辐散项的作用集中体现在中低层大气,涡度对流项、扭转项的作用则在中高层更为明显,而涡度辐合辐散项对西南涡的发展加强起最主要的作用。
