Modeling of Fatigue Crack Growth Closure Considering the Integrative Effect of Cyclic Stress Ratio,Specimen Thickness and Poisson's Ratio

Key components of large structures in aeronautics industry are required to be made light and have long enough fatigue lives.It is of vital importance to estimate the fatigue life of these structures accurately.Since the FCG process is affected by various factors,no universal model exists due to the complexity of the mechanisms.Most of the existing models are obtained by fitting the experimental data and could hardly describe the integrative effect of most existing factors simultaneously.In order to account for the integrative effect of specimen parameters,material property and loading conditions on FCG process,a new model named integrative influence factor model（IIF） is proposed based on the plasticity-induced crack closure theory.Accordingly to the predictions of crack opening ratio（γ） and effective stress intensity factor range ratio（U） with different material under various loading conditions,predictions of γ and U by the IIF model are completely identical to the theoretical results from the plane stress state to the plane strain state when Poisson＇s ratio equals 1/3.When Poisson＇s ratio equals 0.3,predictions of γ and U by the IIF model are larger than the predictions by the existing model,and more close to the theoretical results.In addition,it describes the influence of R ratios on γ and U effectively in the whole region from-1.0 to 1.0.Moreover,several sets of test data of FCG rates in 5 kinds of aluminum alloys with various specimen thicknesses under different loading conditions are used to validate the IIF model,most of the test data are situated on the predicted curves or between the two curves that represent the specimen with different thicknesses under the same stress ratio.Some of the test data slightly departure from the predictions by the IIF model due to the surface roughness and errors in measurement.Besides,based on the analysis of the physical rule of crack opening ratios,a relative thickness of specimen is defined to describe the influence of material property,specimen thickness and so forth on FCG characteristics conveniently.In conclusion,the relative thickness of specimen simplifies the expression of FCG characteristic and provides a general parameter to analyze the fatigue characteristics of different materials with various thicknesses under different loading conditions.The IIF model describes the integrative effect of existing influence factors explicitly and quantitatively,and provides a helpful tool for fatigue property estimation of practical component and experiment design.

裂纹分析有限元重合网格法及基于MSC.Patran的二次开发

充分利用MSC.Patran的可视化及分网功能,结合有限元重合网格法(S-FEM)在裂纹问题分析中的优势,以MSC.Patran为平台,使用PCL语言开发了求解裂纹问题的二维有限元重合网格法分析模块,应用此模块计算单边直裂纹和斜裂纹矩形板应力强度因子,并模拟了斜裂纹的裂纹扩展路径,验证了程序模块及方法的正确性。

Dynamic anti-plane analysis for two symmetrically interfacial cracks near circular cavity in piezoelectric bi-materials

The present paper is exposed theoretically to the influence on the dynamic stress intensity factor （DSIF） in the piezoelectric bi-materials model with two symmet- rically permeable interracial cracks near the edges of a circular cavity, subjected to the dynamic incident anti-plane shearing wave （SH-wave）. An available theoretical method to dynamic analysis in the related research field is provided. The formulations are based on Green＇s function method. The DSIFs at the inner and outer tips of the left crack are obtained by solving the boundary value problems with the conjunction and crack- simulation technique. The numerical results are obtained by the FORTRAN language program and plotted to show the influence of the variations of the physical parameters, the structural geometry, and the wave frequencies of incident wave on the dimensionless DSIFs. Comparisons with previous work and between the inner and outer tips are con- cluded.

Spline Fictitious Boundary Element Alternating Method for Edge Crack Problems with Mixed Boundary Conditions

The alternating method based on the fundamental solutions of the infinite domain containing a crack,namely Muskhelishvili’s solutions,divides the complex structure with a crack into a simple model without crack which can be solved by traditional numerical methods and an infinite domain with a crack which can be solved by Muskhelishvili’s solutions.However,this alternating method cannot be directly applied to the edge crack problems since partial crack surface of Muskhelishvili’s solutions is located outside the computational domain.In this paper,an improved alternating method,the spline fictitious boundary element alternating method(SFBEAM),based on infinite domain with the combination of spline fictitious boundary element method(SFBEM)and Muskhelishvili’s solutions is proposed to solve the edge crack problems.Since the SFBEM and Muskhelishvili’s solutions are obtained in the framework of infinite domain,no special treatment is needed for solving the problem of edge cracks.Different mixed boundary conditions edge crack problems with varies of computational parameters are given to certify the high precision,efficiency and applicability of the proposed method compared with other alternating methods and extend finite element method.

General solutions of plane problem for power function curved cracks

A new exact and universal conformal mapping is proposed. Using Muskhelishvili＇s complex potential method, the plane elasticity problem of power function curved cracks is investigated with an arbitrary power of a natural number, and the general solutions of the stress intensity factors （SIFs） for mode I and mode II at the crack tip are obtained under the remotely uniform tensile loads. The present results can be reduced to the well-known solutions when the power of the function takes different natural numbers. Numerical examples are conducted to reveal the effects of the coefficient, the power, and the projected length along the x-axis of the power function curved crack on the SIFs for mode I and mode II.

拉伸圆孔板孔边裂纹应力强度因子解析解

裂纹尖端应力强度因子是判断裂纹扩展和结构失效的重要标准,探究拉伸荷载下圆孔与裂纹相互作用的裂纹尖端应力强度因子对材料断裂准则和残余强度分析具有重要意义。基于叠加原理和弹性力学初始解,采用Westergaard应力函数求得单轴拉伸圆孔板孔边裂纹应力强度因子的积分方程,使用切比雪夫多项式得到积分方程的近似解,运用Exponential函数对近似解修正得到裂纹尖端应力强度因子修正解;运用Abaqus对同一问题进行模拟分析并与修正解结果进行对比;分析了裂纹尺寸、圆孔半径、裂纹位置角以及裂纹倾角对裂纹尖端应力强度因子的影响。结果表明:修正解与Abaqus模拟解基本吻合;应力强度因子随裂纹尺寸和圆孔半径增大而增大,随裂纹位置角和裂纹倾角增大而减小。

基于长裂纹扩展阈值的渗碳Cr-Ni合金钢超高周疲劳极限评估

文章旨在构建渗碳Cr-Ni合金钢的超高周疲劳极限预测模型。在两种应力比下对渗碳Cr-Ni合金钢开展超高周疲劳试验,结果表明,渗碳Cr-Ni合金钢的S-N特性呈现持续下降的趋势。通过扫描电镜对断口表面裂纹形貌的观测,当疲劳寿命低于5×10^(5)周次时,表面失效是疲劳试样主要失效形式,当寿命高于1×10^(6)周次时,内部夹杂-FGA-鱼眼诱发失效成为渗碳Cr-Ni合金钢的主要失效方式。利用裂纹扩展阈值对FGA尺寸进行了评估,结合El-Haddad模型,构建了基于长裂纹扩展应力强度因子阈值的疲劳极限预测模型。与他人模型预测的疲劳极限对比,得出构建的阈值应力模型预测的疲劳极限误差最小,预测结果更保守。

海洋平台K型管节点的疲劳裂纹扩展分析Ⅰ:试验测试

对承受疲劳载荷的海洋平台K型管节点首先进行了静力测试,确定了沿着焊缝的热应力区的应力分布及热应力区最大应力点的位置,从而判断裂纹产生的位置;然后通过专用测试设备提供循环疲劳载荷,用ACPD(Alternating Current Potential Drop,即交流电流势能落差法)技术检测裂纹的产生和增长过程,得到裂纹最深点,用S-N曲线估算其疲劳寿命。对已有裂纹的K型管节点,用应力强度因子估计其剩余寿命。同时用测试的结果验证了S-N的准确性和可靠性。

有限大体复合型表面裂纹断裂特性研究

应用有限元重合网格法对三维有限大体倾斜表面裂纹复合型应力强度因子进行研究,详细讨论了裂纹倾斜角和裂纹形状变化对复合型应力强度因子的影响。研究发现随着裂纹倾斜角的增大,裂纹前缘Ⅰ型应力强度因子KⅠ减小,而Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型应力强度因子KⅡ和KⅢ先增大后减小;随着裂纹形状的变化,复合型表面裂纹前沿应力强度因子的最大值出现在裂纹最深处或随裂纹形状变化出现在裂纹前缘某处。

二维有限元重合网格法网格特性研究

有限元重合网格法作为一种自适应有限元法和多尺度计算方法,目前受到了研究者们的广泛关注。文中首先简介了二维线弹性断裂力学中有限元重合网格法的原理;其次为获得最少网格数量下最精确的数值结果,研究了重合网格法中全局模型和局部模型网格大小和网格数量的关系以及对计算精度的影响;最后就影响重合网格法精度的局部模型的选择进行了讨论。

正交各向异性板周期张开型平行裂纹的应力分析

通过构造适当的Westergaard应力函数,采用复变方法和待定系数法对正交各向异性纤维增强复合材料板的周期张开型平行裂纹尖端附近的应力场进行力学分析.在无穷远处对称拉伸载荷的作用下,利用双曲函数的周期性,修正常规的应力强度因子定义,得到用n表示的周期张开型裂纹尖端的应力强度因子及用修正的应力强度因子表示的周期张开型裂纹尖端附近的应力场的显式解析表达式.此外,应力场的大小与材料弹性常数有关,这是正交各向异性材料不同于各向同性材料的特征.由于裂纹的周期分布,应力强度因子的大小取决于形状因子.结果表明,当裂纹间距趋于无限大时,退化为含单个中心裂纹正交异性纤维增强复合材料板的结果,并且所得的解析解能更好地体现裂纹的周期性.

金属材料疲劳行为的应力场强法描述

基于近年来发展的应力场强法对金属材料的多种疲劳行为作了系统的描述，给出了缺日疲劳系数Kf、疲劳尺寸系数ε、疲劳加载方式团于CL、多轴疲劳极限方程、缺口件S－N曲线的预测等多方面的定量描述，并引用了大量的实验数据加以验证，由此表明应力场强法是一种很好的抗疲劳设计方法．

结构两平面穿透裂纹交互影响研究

有限元重合网格法是研究断裂力学问题,特别是多裂纹问题的有效数值方法。本文基于有限元重合网格法,计算分析了受拉伸载荷作用的有限宽平板中两平面穿透裂纹在不同位置和方向的应力场分布,并计算出不同情况下裂纹尖端的交互因子以探索多裂纹的相互作用对应力强度因子的影响规律。研究结果表明裂纹间的相互作用在不同位置和方向条件下会对裂纹尖端应力场产生强化或屏蔽效应。本文的结果和结论可以为多裂纹损伤容限分析提供参考依据。

无限大压电体中导电裂纹尖端的力电场

根据Stroh方法中的矩阵A和B构造了两个新矩阵M和L,得到了适合求解导电裂纹问题的广义势矢量V和广义力矢量s的简洁表达式 ,采用Suo方法研究了无限大压电体中半无限大导电裂纹和有限长度导电裂纹尖端场的解析解 。

2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率试验

把2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢用线切割方法做成了楔形张开加载预裂纹试样,通过预加载荷和预加位移量的标定及确认,在不同浓度的H2S溶液中进行了应力腐蚀试验。采用恒定位移法,确定了2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率和腐蚀临界应力强度因子。

求解受钉传载荷正交各向异性板双边缺口边缘裂纹应力强度因子的复变－广义变分解法

本文以单边边缘裂纹二维应力场与位移场展开式为基础，采用广义变分方法研究受钉传载菏各向异性板双边缺口边缘裂纹应力强度因子。首先建立精确满足正文各向异性板基本微分方程、裂纹表面边界条件、钉载孔处位移单值条件与合力平衡条件的应力场和位移场的级数表达式。然后应用广义变分方法满足边界条件从而确定应力强度因子，在变分方程中只存在沿板边界的线积分、计算程序简单，输入数据很少，结果收敛迅速，并与已知结果相当吻合而且所需机时较少。

一种求解圆弧裂纹问题的新方法

提出求解圆弧裂纹问题的新方法.无限大平面弹性体的某一圆周上分布有若干条圆弧裂纹,不论无穷远处是否受力都可化成求解一个复势函数边值条件的线性关系问题.利用这一方法,可以很简便地求得无穷远处受双轴拉伸时圆弧裂纹问题的精确解,进而求出应力强度因子和位移场,并可求出圆弧裂纹面上的位移.

疲劳裂纹的跨尺度分析

为了准确模拟正交异性钢桥面板疲劳裂纹扩展行为,提出基于约束应力区的三维表面半椭圆跨尺度裂纹模型.采用有限元法求解应力强度因子,将跨尺度应力强度因子作为疲劳裂纹从微观到宏观扩展的控制参量,使用统一模型描述正交异性钢桥面板疲劳破坏全过程.对正交异性钢桥面板的疲劳失效行为进行数值模拟,并与试验应力-寿命曲线进行对比分析.结果表明:疲劳裂纹扩展跨尺度模型能正确反映正交异性钢桥面板纵肋与桥面板焊接部位的疲劳破坏过程,并可模拟疲劳裂纹扩展从微观到宏观的跨尺度行为.由于微观效应对疲劳寿命有显著影响,当考虑到材料的微观效应时,该模型可解释疲劳寿命试验数据的离散现象.

光滑扩展有限元方法及其特点研究

将光滑有限元法S-FEM(Smoothed Finite Element Method)的子域光滑应变技术和边域光滑应变技术同时引入到扩展有限元XFEM(Extended Finite Element Method)中,提出一种新的光滑扩展有限元法S-XFEM(Smoothed Extended Finite Element Method)。在单元选取及扩充结点选取时采用ES-FEM的光滑域划分方式,在数值积分计算刚度矩阵时采用基于三角形子域的CS-FEM积分思路,并给出了高斯点的积分策略。设计了S-XFEM程序架构并利用Matlab语言编制了S-XFEM计算程序。通过几个经典算例研究对比了XFEM和S-XFEM的特点,验证了S-XFEM的精确性和适用性。结果表明,XFEM和S-XFEM均具有很高的计算精确性和收敛性,XFEM计算精度略高于S-XFEM,而S-XFEM在网格独立性上则明显优于XFEM。

Dynamic anti-plane interaction between an impermeable crack and a circular cavity in an infinite piezoelectric medium

Wave propagation in an infinite elastic piezoelectric medium with a circular cavity and an impermeable crack subjected to steady-state anti-plane shearing was studied based on Green's function and the crack-division technique.Theoretical solutions were derived for the whole elastic displacement and electric potential field in the interaction between the circular cavity and the impermeable crack.Expressions were obtained on the dynamic stress concentration factor(DSCF) at the cavity's edge,the dynamic stress intensity factor(DSIF) and the dynamic electric displacement intensity factor(DEDIF) at the crack tip.Numerical solutions were performed and plotted with different incident wave numbers,parameters of piezoelectric materials and geometries of the structure.Finally,some of the calculation results were compared with the case of dynamic anti-plane interaction of a permeable crack and a circular cavity in an infinite piezoelectric medium.This paper can provide a valuable reference for the design of piezoelectric actuators and sensors widely used in marine structures.