An ultrasonic humidification fluorescent tracing method for detecting unsaturated atmospheric water absorption by the aerial parts of desert plants

Atmospheric water absorption by plants has been explored for more than two centuries, and the aerial parts of plants, particularly the leaves of certain species, have been demonstrated to have an ability to absorb and utilize saturated atmospheric water such as fog, dew and condensed water. So far, however, there have been few studies on the aerial parts of desert plants in their absorption of unsaturated water from the atmosphere. This study presents an ultrasonic humidification fluorescent tracing method of detecting unsaturated atmospheric water absorption by the aerial parts of desert plants. We constructed an organic glass room based on the sizes of field plants. Then, the aboveground parts of the plants were humidified in the sealed glasshouse using an ultrasonic humidifier containing fluorescent reagents. The humidity and wetting time were controlled by turning on or off the humidifier according to the reading of a thermo-hygrometer suspended in the glasshouse. Fluorescence microscopy was employed to observe these plant samples. This method can generate unsaturated atmospheric water vapor and incorporate other fluorescent reagents or water-soluble chemical reagents for gasified humidification. In addition, it can identify plant parts that absorb unsaturated atmospheric water from the air, detect water absorption sites on the surface of leaves or tender stems, and determine the ability of tissues or microstructure of aerial parts to absorb water. This method provides a direct visual evidence for the inspection of leaf or tender stem microstructure in response to unsaturated atmospheric water absorption. Moreover, this method shows that aqueous pores in the cuticles of leaves or tender stems of desert plants are large enough to allow the passage of ionic fluorescent brightener with a molecular weight of up to 917 g/mol. Thus, this paper provides an important approach that explores the mechanism by which desert plants utilize unsaturated atmospheric water.

Water Desalination Using a Humidification-Dehumidification Technique—A Detailed Review

Solar humidification-dehumidification desalination technology has been reviewed in detail in this paper. This review would also throw light on the scope for further research and recommendations in active distillation system by humidification and dehumidification (HDH). Also in this article, a review has been done on different types of (HDH) systems. Thermal modeling was done for various types of humidification and dehumidification(HDH) distillation system. From the present review, it is found that the humidification-dehumidification desalination process HDH will be a suitable choice for fresh water production when the demand is decentralized. HDH is a low temperature process where total required thermal energy can be obtained from solar energy. Capacity of HDH units is between that produced by conventional methods and solar stills. Moreover, HDH is distinguished by simple operation and maintenance. Also from the present condensed review, it was observed that an increase in evaporator and condenser surface areas significantly improves system productivity. But prior to implementing any techniques in design improvement, it is necessary to optimize the MEH unit by optimizing its component size to understand the effect of feed water and air flow rates. Although a fair amount of simulation studies have been conducted in the past, further design simulation is required to fully understand the complicated effects of air and water flow rates, the optimum size of individual components or modules of the unit and to generate a comprehensive model for the system.

Experimental Investigation of a Vertical Tubular Desalination Unit Using Humidification-Dehumidification Process

A vertical tubular desalination unit with shell and tube structure was built to perform humidification and dehumidification simultaneously on the tube and shell side of the column, respectively. The effects of several operating conditions on the productivity and thermal efficiency of the column were investigated. The results show that both the productivity and thermal efficiency of the column enhance with the elevation of the inlet water temperature. The flow rates of water and carrier gas both have optimal operating ranges, which are 10-30 kg·h^-1 and 4-7kg·h^-1 for the present column, respectively. Meanwhile, the increase of external steam flow rate will promote the productivity of the column but reduce its thermal efficiency.

Modelling and Experimental Investigation of Humidification- Dehumidification Desalination Using a Carbon-Filled-Plastic Shell-Tube Column

The modelling and experimental investigation of a thermally coupled humidification-dehumidification desalination process using a carbon-filled-polypropylene shell-tube column are presented.A heat/mass transfer model is established to study the correlation among productivity,thermal efficiency,physicochemical parameters (gas/liquid phase temperature,heat/mass transfer coefficient,Reynolds number etc.),and operating conditions(the temperature of feed water,the flow rates of external steam,feed water,and carrier air);at the same time,the effects of operating conditions on the productivity and thermal eficiency of the column are investigated both theoretically and experimentally,which indicate that the optimum flow rates of external steam,feed water,and carrier gas are 0.18,60,and 10kg.h- 1,respectively,and the higher the feed water temperature(≤95℃)is,the greater the productivity and the thermal efficiency will be.Furthermore,performance comparison with the previous study shows that the condensate productivity of this carbon-filled-plastic column is not lower than that of the copper column,which demonstrates the practicability and feasibility of applying such a plastic column to the humidification-dehumidification desalination process.

Experimental Study on the Effect of Humidification on the Pollution Characteristics of Particulate Matter in the Office

Indoor air quality has a direct impact on human health. Indoor air quality has aroused great concern. This experimental study compares the effects of different water humidification on the indoor particulate pollution characteristics, and analyzes the mass concentration and the particulate number concentration distribution of different sizes of particulates with time under each condition of the purified water humidification, the tap water humidification and the cold boiled water humidification in the office. The results show that under the three kinds of wetting conditions, the concentration of the fine particulates is higher. More minerals are contained in the tap water and the cold boiled water, so the two kinds of humidification have more significant impact on indoor particulate matter. But the purified water humidification has nearly no significant effect on it. The calcium and magnesium ionic compounds are partly removed after the water boiled, so the cold boiled water humidification has less impact on the indoor particulate matter than the tap water humidification. The mass concentration and particulate number concentration of the particle may also be affected due to the frequency of ultrasonic vibration.

Humidification vibration deformation behavior of intact loess

一个参数，作为使潮湿颤动变丑的参数知道，被建议，描述份量上颤动解决变丑上的水内容的影响，和它与使潮湿的关系浇内容，动态砍压力山峰价值，起始的巩固压力和颤动频率被造。结果显示出那 1 ) 使潮湿颤动变丑的参数与颤动增加砍压力山峰价值增加。2 ) 使潮湿水内容在使潮湿颤动变丑和山峰颤动的参数的曲线上有重要影响砍应力。当使潮湿水内容是低的时，曲线慢慢地增加。然而，当使潮湿水内容高时，曲线很快增加。3 ) 起始的巩固应力在使潮湿颤动变丑系数上有重要影响。当起始的巩固应力不足够大破坏黄土结构时，与起始的巩固应力增加，使潮湿颤动变丑系数减少。相反，使潮湿颤动变丑系数与起始的巩固应力增加增加。4 ) 随颤动时间的增加，使潮湿颤动解决的参数总的来说显示出一个增加的趋势。起始动态砍压力山峰价值和使潮湿水内容都在使潮湿的参数的曲线上有重要效果颤动解决和颤动时间。然而，使潮湿水内容是甚至更重要的。

Study on Calculations of Humidification Tower with Humid Air Turbine Cycle at High Temperature and Pressure

Humidification is an important step in humid air turbine system. The calculation on humidification is carried out at 423.15—573.15K, 5—15MPa. The results suggest that to produce high-enthalpy moist air, high water temperature and large water flow are needed. The water temperature is the most sensitive parameter to the humidification tower. And it is better for the humidification tower to work at temperature higher than 523 K when the system pressure is higher than 5 MPa. The comparison between the model used in this paper and ideal model shows that the ideal model can be used in simulation to simply the calculation when the temperature is lower than 473 K and pressure is lower than 5 MPa.

Modeling and identification of a PEM fuel cell humidification system

A theoretical model of a humidifier of proton exchange membrane （PEM） fuel cell systems is developed and analyzed first in this paper. The model shows that there exists a strong nonlinearity in the system. Then, the system is identified using a wavelet networks method. To avoid the curse-of-dimensionality problem, a class of wavelet networks proposed by Billings is employed. The experimental data acquired from the test bench are used for identification. The one-step-ahead predictions and the five-step-ahead predictions are compared with the real measurements, respectively. It shows that the identified model can effectively describe the real system.

Effects of Tube Depth and Infusion Rate of Continuous Humidification by Endotracheal Intubation on Humidification Effect

Objective: To investigate the continuous humidification tube insertion depth of endotracheal intubation and the flow rate of the wetting effect. Methods: From October 2008 to May 2010, among 132 patients of oral and maxillofacial surgery with tracheal intubation, continuous infusion can be adjusted to the wet method;according to the wet pipe, insertion depth of the flow rate is divided into four groups, by four different depths and velocities of the wetting effect, to be analyzed. Results: B group was significantly lower than other groups satisfied with indicators of four significantly different effects of humidification. Conclusion: When continuous humidification tube insertion depth of endotracheal intubation is 10 - 12 cm, and flow rate is 15 - 20 ml/h, the wetting effect will achieve greater satisfaction.

Study of the Desulfurization Process and Gas-Solid-Liquid Phase Distribution under the Complex Humidification Conditions in Dense Tower

In making the gas-solid-liquid phase analysis, based on the collaborative study of the internal and external humidification ratio of desulfurization efficiency, determine the humidifier ratio within 60% to 75%, that can make the best balance between the respective merits of a simple tower humidifiers tower humidifier way, optimizing the overall desulfurization reaction, effectively reducing the sticky wall, stick in the desulfurization efficiency and reduce the wall to achieve a balance between the balance, without increasing the sorbent and process water, under the premise can promote the desulfurization reaction, improve the desulfurization sorbent utilization and efficiency, help desulfurization reaction system is stable, efficient and economic operation, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase to achieve better synergy.

A Review Study of Experimental and Theoretical Humidification Dehumidification Solar Desalination Technology

Most of the desalination technologies consume a huge quantity of energy resulting from petroleum products in the form of heat or electrical energy. Solar desalination is a promisingly sustainable freshwater production technology. Solar desalination humidification dehumidification process showed the best approach as it is of the highest overall energy efficiency. In this review paper, a detailed study of the previous work is performed on solar humidification dehumidification desalination techniques experimentally and theoretically. Also in this review, different types of HDH systems were mentioned. The review showed that the humidification dehumidification desalination systems are suitable for decentralized demand. On the other hand, capacity of HDH units is not as large as conventional methods or small as solar stills. Finally, this study threw light on the scope of the parameters which have a considerable influence on increasing the freshwater output of the HDH systems as feed water flow rate, air flow rate, and design of the evaporator, condenser, and packing material. A brief economical study and a comparison of the costs per liter are performed for various humidification dehumidification desalination systems presented in this study.

Collection,curation and the use of humidification to restore nest shape in a research museum bird nest collection

Background:Bird nests are an important part of avian ecology.They are a powerful tool for studying not only the birds that built them,but a wide array of topics ranging from parasitology,urbanisation and climate change to evolu-tion.Despite this,bird nests tend to be underrepresented in natural history collections,a problem that should be redressed through renewed focus by collecting institutions.Methods:Here we outline the history and current best practice collection and curatorial methods for the nest col-lection of the Australian National Wildlife Collection(ANWC).We also describe an experiment conducted on nests in the ANWC using ultrasonic humidification to restore the shape of nests damaged by inappropriate storage.Results:The experiment showed that damaged nests can be successfully reshaped to close to their original dimen-sions.Indeed,restored nests were significantly closer to their original shape than they were prior to restoration.Thus,even nests damaged by years of neglect may be fully incorporated into active research collections.Best practice techniques include extensive note taking and photography in the field,subsampling of nests that cannot or should not be collected,appropriate field storage,metadata management,and prompt treatment upon arrival at the collec-tion facility.Conclusions:Renewed focus on nest collections should include appropriate care and restoration of current col-lections,as well as expansion to redress past underrepresentation.This could include collaboration with researchers studying or monitoring avian nesting ecology,and nest collection after use in bird species that rebuild anew each nesting attempt.Modern expansion of museum nest collections will allow researchers and natural history collections to fully realise the scientific potential of these complex and beautiful specimens.

Experimental Investigation of Modified Polypropylene Shell-Tube Column Using Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination Process

The polypropylene tubes with surface modification were installed in a baffled shell-tube column to conduct the thermally coupled humidification and dehumidification desalination process. The effects of several operating parameters (feed water temperature, water flow rate, carrier air flow rate, and external steam flow rate) on the productivity and thermal efficiency of this column were investigated experimentally. The results show that the feed water temperature has a positive effect on the productivity and thermal efficiency, while the flow rates of external steam, feed water,and carrier air should be optimized within the ranges of 0.006—0.020 kg·m-2·s-1, 0.005—0.015 kg·m-1·s-1, and 0.7—1.3 kg·m-2·s-1, respectively; the flow rates of feed water and carrier air are greatly controlled by the wetting state of the tubes. In comparison with the previous desalination column installing the coppery tubes, the present column can reach nearly the same production capacity of distilled water, which demonstrates the feasibility of applying such a plastic column to the humidification and dehumidification desalination process.

Two Models of DMFC under Effects of Cathode Humidification Temperature an d Anode Flow Rate

This paper introduced a novel self-adjustment of parameters of fuzzy neural net works.Then,the effects of cathode humidification temperature and anode flow rate on the performance of direct meth anol fuel cell(DMFC) were described respectively.Two dynamic performance models of DMFC under the influences of cat hode humidification temperature and anode flow rate were established separately based on fuzzy neural networks.The simula tion results show the accuracy of the models established is satisfactory.

两步法高效含氚净化水空气载带系统研究

针对现有含氚净化水空气载带技术排放效率低、环境适应性差的问题,提出一种基于溴化锂制冷驱动溶液除湿和高效雾化加湿的两步法含氚净化水空气载带系统,搭建了载带量大于2 t/d的试验样机,并在不同工况下开展了载带实验研究。结果显示:试验样机在空气温度3~50℃、空气相对湿度0~90%的环境工况下可安全、高效地排放含氚净化水,试验样机在典型工况、高湿工况、高温工况下,载带量分别为100.8、119.9、96.0 kg/h,与一步法相比,载带量分别提升了298.4%、508.6%、60.0%。这表明,基于两步法的含氚净化水空气载带系统可大幅拓宽含氚净化水安全排放的环境适应范围,且排放效率较高,可为含氚净化水的排放应用提供参考。

助燃空气加湿对燃气锅炉低氮燃烧性能的影响

为降低燃气锅炉的NO_(x)(氮氧化物)排放质量浓度,可以利用助燃空气加湿方法实现燃气锅炉降氮,重点针对该方式的燃烧过程和实施效果开展模拟与实验研究。研究不同助燃空气含湿量对燃气锅炉排烟温度、NO_(x)排放质量浓度的影响规律。结果表明,助燃空气加湿可以明显降低炉膛出口的NO_(x)平均排放质量浓度。当助燃空气加湿至76.90 g/kg时,燃气锅炉的NO_(x)排放质量浓度可降低至38.05 mg/m^(3),降氮效率高达71.96%。当助燃空气含湿量高于57.30 g/kg时,炉膛出口的CO质量浓度增长率急剧增加,燃烧的稳定性变差,继续提高助燃空气中的水蒸气含量不利于燃气锅炉的稳定运行。提出的助燃空气加湿技术为已有燃气锅炉的低氮改造方面提供技术参考。

膜法水蒸气分离技术综述

概述了水蒸气分离膜技术的最新研究进展,介绍了水蒸气分离膜材料的分类,对不同膜材料的特点及研究进展展开了叙述,系统阐述了不同结构形态的水蒸气分离膜在气体除湿加湿中的三种类别及工作原理,并对目前水蒸气分离膜在国内外气体除湿加湿领域的应用及研究现状进行了论述。展望了膜分离技术未来在气体除湿加湿领域的研究及发展方向。

曝气式增湿除湿蒸发工艺处理高盐废水的模拟分析与优化

高盐废水在废水中属于极难处理的一类,对环境危害极大。为了高效处理高盐废水,设计了一种直接接触的曝气式增湿除湿蒸发工艺,并利用Aspen Plus软件对该工艺进行模拟。通过实验验证发现模拟数据与实验数据的最大偏差不超过10%,确立了模型的可靠性及模拟结果的正确性。为降低曝气式增湿除湿蒸发工艺的能耗,对曝气式增湿除湿蒸发工艺进行多工况模拟。结果表明,蒸发速率随溶液温度的升高呈指数型增长,随盐度的增大而减少。冷凝效率随冷凝温度的升高而降低,随初始内部冷却水量的升高而升高。增湿除湿系统造水比随着溶液温度和冷凝温度的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,能量消耗比则呈现先减小后增大的趋势,最大造水比为1.79,最小能量消耗比为0.77。根据造水比和能量消耗比得出系统最佳工作范围:溶液温度为60~80℃,冷凝温度为20~40℃。