Inetetamab combined with pyrotinib and chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer brain metastasis: A case report

BACKGROUND Breast cancer brain metastasis(BCBM)is an advanced breast disease that is difficult to treat and is associated with a high risk of death.Patient prognosis is usually poor,with reduced quality of life.In this context,we report the case of a patient with HER-2-positive BCBM treated with a macromolecular mAb(ine-tetamab)combined with a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI).CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 58-year-old woman with a 12-year history of type 2 diabetes.She was compliant with regular insulin treatment and had good blood glucose control.The patient was diagnosed with invasive carcinoma of the right breast(T3N1M0 stage IIIa,HER2-positive type)through aspiration biopsy of the ipsilateral breast due to the discovery of a breast tumor in February 2019.Immunohistochemistry showed ER(-),PR(-),HER-2(3+),and Ki-67(55-60%+).Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy,i.e.,the AC-TH regimen(epirubicin,cyclophosphamide,docetaxel-paclitaxel,and trastuzumab),was administered for 8 cycles.She underwent modified radical mastectomy of the right breast in November 2019 and received tocilizumab targeted therapy for 1 year.Brain metastasis was found 9 mo after surgery.She underwent brain metastasectomy in August 2020.Immunohistochemistry showed ER(-)and PR.(-),HER-2(3+),and Ki-67(10-20%+).In November 2020,the patient experienced headache symptoms.After an examination,tumor recurrence in the original surgical region of the brain was observed,and the patient was treated with inetetamab,pyrotinib,and capecitabine.Whole-brain radiotherapy was recommended.The patient and her family refused radiotherapy for personal reasons.In September 2021,a routine examination revealed that the brain tumor was considerably larger.The original systemic treatment was continued and combined with intensity-modulated radiation therapy for brain metastases,followed by regular hospitalization and routine examinations.The patient’s condition is generally stable,and she has a relatively high quality of life.This case report demonstrates that in patients with BCBM and resistance to trastuzumab,inetetamab combined with pyrotinib and chemotherapy can prolong survival.CONCLUSION Inetetamab combined with small molecule TKI drugs,chemotherapy and radiation may be an effective regimen for maintaining stable disease in patients with BCBM.

Treatment of radiation-induced brain injury with bisdemethoxycurcumin

Radiation therapy is considered the most effective non-surgical treatment for brain tumors.However,there are no available treatments for radiation-induced brain injury.Bisdemethoxycurcumin(BDMC)is a demethoxy derivative of curcumin that has anti-proliferative,anti-inflammatory,and anti-oxidant properties.To determine whether BDMC has the potential to treat radiation-induced brain injury,in this study,we established a rat model of radiation-induced brain injury by administe ring a single 30-Gy vertical dose of irradiation to the whole brain,followed by intraperitoneal injection of 500μL of a 100 mg/kg BDMC solution every day for 5 successive weeks.Our res ults showed that BDMC increased the body weight of rats with radiation-induced brain injury,improved lea rning and memory,attenuated brain edema,inhibited astrocyte activation,and reduced oxidative stress.These findings suggest that BDMC protects against radiationinduced brain injury.

Precision radiotherapy for brain tumors A 10-year bibliometric analysis

OBJECTIVE： Precision radiotherapy plays an important role in the management of brain tumors. This study aimed to identify global research trends in precision radiotherapy for brain tumors using a bibliometric analysis of the Web of Science. DATA RETRIEVAL： We performed a bibliometric analysis of data retrievals for precision radiotherapy for brain tumors containing the key words cerebral tumor, brain tumor, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, stereotactic body radiation therapy, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, imaging-guided radiotherapy, dose-guided radiotherapy, stereotactic brachytherapy, and stereotactic radiotherapy using the Web of Science. SELECTION CRITERIA： Inclusion criteria： （a） peer-reviewed articles on precision radiotherapy for brain tumors which were published and indexed in the Web of Science; （b） type of articles： original research articles and reviews; （c） year of publication： 2002-2011. Exclusion criteria： （a） articles that required manual searching or telephone access; （b） Corrected papers or book chapters. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Annual publication output; （2） distribution according to country; （3） distribution according to institution; （4） top cited publications; （5） distribution according to journals; and （6） comparison of study results on precision radiotherapy for brain tumors. RESULTS： The stereotactic radiotherapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy, and imaging-guided radiotherapy are three major methods of precision radiotherapy for brain tumors. There were 260 research articles addressing precision radiotherapy for brain tumors found within the Web of Science. The USA published the most papers on precision radiotherapy for brain tumors, followed by Germany and France. European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, German Cancer Research Center and Heidelberg University were the most prolific research institutes for publications on precision radiotherapy for brain tumors. Among the top 13 research institutes publishing in this field, seven are in the USA, three are in Germany, two are in France, and there is one institute in India. Research interests including urology and nephrology, clinical neurology, as well as rehabilitation are involved in precision radiotherapy for brain tumors studies. CONCLUSION： Precision radiotherapy for brain tumors remains a highly active area of research and development.

Research Progress in Brain Metastasis of Breast Cancer

The incidence rate of breast cancer is very high.Some patients were diagnosed as stage IV patients at the first diagnosis and had distant metastasis.Bone,lung and liver are the common metastatic sites of breast cancer.Although brain is the least common metastatic site of breast cancer,the incidence of brain metastasis in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients is increasing year by year.After brain metastasis,the disease develops rapidly,and because of the existence of blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier,it is difficult for drugs to reach the focus,and the curative effect is poor,leading to poor prognosis of patients with brain metastasis of breast cancer.Previous studies have also explored the clinical characteristics of brain metastases from breast cancer and the factors affecting prognosis.Different ages,races,histological grades,T stages,N stages,molecular subtypes,and pathological types are the main factors affecting the occurrence and prognosis of brain metastases from breast cancer.Studies on the characteristics,mechanisms,and treatment plans of brain metastases from breast cancer have also been reported at home and abroad.This article reviews the clinical characteristics,pathogenesis and treatment progress of brain metastases from breast cancer,aiming to provide some ideas and basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment and drug research of brain metastases from breast cancer.

SRS、WBRT及WBRT+SRS治疗1～4个脑转移瘤的Meta分析

目的：探讨立体定向放射外科（SRS）、全脑放疗（WBRT）及全脑放疗联合立体定向治疗1~4个脑转移瘤,并为进一步研究提供循证医学依据。方法：根据设定的纳入、排除标准,在Pub Med、Springer-link、Cancer list数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、万方数据库、CNKI知识网络服务平台及其他期刊进行相关随机对照试验检索。单变量计数资料的效应量用优势比（OR）和95%可信区间（95%CI）表示,用Revman 5.2软件对数据进行异质性检验后采用固定效应模型或随机效应模型对数据进行分析。结果：共检索出1985-2014年间发表的126篇相关文献,最终得到8篇包含1 213例脑转移瘤患者的随机对照试验符合所纳入的标准。SRS与WBRT＋SRS比较：WBRT＋SRS虽能提高脑转移瘤1年局部控制率及远处肿瘤控制率（OR=0.43,95%CI：0.29~0.63,P〈0.000 1;OR=0.42,95%CI：0.30~0.57,P〈0.000 01）;但不能提高1年生存率且不良反应及神经认知异常发生率高（OR=1.27,95%CI：0.93~1.73,P=0.14;OR=0.50,95%CI：0.28~0.89,P=0.02;OR=0.41,95%CI：0.21~0.78,P=0.006）。SRS与WBRT比较：SRS治疗脑转移瘤可明显提高患者1年生存率及1年局部肿瘤控制率,但远处肿瘤控制率与WBRT相当（OR=2.78,95%CI：1.57~4.92,P=0.000 4;OR=4.8,95%CI：2.69~8.57,P〈0.000 01;OR=0.52,95%CI：0.15~1.83,P=0.31）。WBRT＋SRS与单独WRBT比较：1年局部肿瘤控制率及1年生存率无明显差别（OR=1.23,95%CI：0.81~1.86,P=0.32;OR=1.21,95%CI：0.76~1.93,P=0.42）。结论：1~4个脑转移瘤患者,单独SRS是理想治疗方法。

Value of serial magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of brain metastases volume control during stereotactic radiosurgery

AIM To evaluate brain metastases volume control capabilities of stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS) through serial magnetic resonance(MR) imaging follow-up. METHODS MR examinations of 54 brain metastases in 31 patients before and after SRS were reviewed. Patients were included in this study if they had a pre-treatment MR examination and serial follow-up MR examinations at 6 wk, 9 wk, 12 wk, and 12 mo after SRS. The metastasis volume change was categorized at each follow-up as increased(> 20% of the initial volume), stable(± 20% of the initial volume) or decreased(< 20% of the initial volume). RESULTS A local tumor control with a significant(P < 0.05) volume decrease was observed in 25 metastases at 6-wk follow-up. Not significant volume change was observed in 23 metastases and a significant volume increase was observed in 6 metastases. At 9-wk followup, 15 out of 25 metastases that decreased in size at 6 wk had a transient tumor volume increase, followed by tumor regression at 12 wk. At 12-wk follow-up there was a significant reduction in volume in 45 metastases, and a significant volume increase in 4 metastases. At 12-mo follow-up, 19 metastases increased significantly in size(up to 41% of the initial volume). Volume tumor reduction was correlated to histopathologic subtype.CONCLUSION SRS provided an effective local brain metastases volume control that was demonstrated at follow-up MR imaging.

GOECP/SEOR radiotherapy guidelines for small-cell lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer(SCLC)accounts for approximately 20%of all lung cancers.The main treatment is chemotherapy(Ch).However,the addition of radiotherapy significantly improves overall survival(OS)in patients with non-metastatic SCLC and in those with metastatic SCLC who respond to Ch.Prophylactic cranial irradiation reduces the risk of brain metastases and improves OS in both metastatic and non-metastatic patients.The 5-year OS rate in patients with limited-stage disease(non-metastatic)is slightly higher than 30%,but less than 5%in patients with extensive-stage disease(metastatic).The present clinical guidelines were developed by Spanish radiation oncologists on behalf of the Oncologic Group for the Study of Lung Cancer/Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology to provide a current review of the diagnosis,planning,and treatment of SCLC.These guidelines emphasise treatment fields,radiation techniques,fractionation,concomitant treatment,and the optimal timing of Ch and radiotherapy.Finally,we discuss the main indications for reirradiation in local recurrence.

Role of Recursive Partitioning Analysis and Graded Prognostic Assessment on Identifying Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases Who May Benefit from Postradiation Systemic Therapy

Background：The role ofpostradiation systemic therapy in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） patients with brain metastasis （BM） was controversial.Thus,we explored the role of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group recursive partitioning analysis （RTOG-RPA） and graded prognostic assessment （GPA） in identifying population who may benefit from postradiation systemic therapy.Methods：The clinical data of NSCLC patients with documented BM from August 2007 to April 2015 of two hospitals were studied retrospectively.Cox regression was used for multivariate analysis.Survival of patients with or without postradiation systemic therapy was compared in subgroups stratified according to RTOG-RPA or GPA.Results：Of 216 included patients,67.1% received stereotactic radiosurgery （SRS）,24.1% received whole-brain radiation therapy （WBRT）,and 8.8% received both.After radiotherapy,systemic therapy was administered in 58.3% of patients.Multivariate analysis found that postradiation systemic therapy （yes vs.no） （hazard ratio [HR] =0.36 l,95% confidence interval [CI] =0.202-0.648,P =0.001）,radiation technique （SRS vs.WBRT） （HR =0.462,95% CI =0.238-0.849,P =0.022）,extracranial metastasis （yes vs.no） （HR =3.970,95% CI =1.757-8.970,P =0.001）,and Kamofsky performance status （〈70 vs.≥70） （HR =5.338,95% CI =2.829-10.072,P 〈 0.001） were independent factors for survival.Further analysis found that subsequent tyrosine kinase inhibitor （TKI） therapy could significantly reduce the risk of mortality of patients in RTOG-RPA Class IⅡ （HR =0.411,95% CI =0.183-）.923,P =0.031） or with a GPA score of 1.5-2.5 （HR =0.420,95% CI =0.182-0.968,P =0.042）.However,none of the subgroups stratified according to RTOG-RPA or GPA benefited from the additional conventional chemotherapy.Conclusion：RTOG-RPA and GPA may be useful to identify beneficial populations in NSCLC patients with BM ifTKIs were chosen as postradiation systemic therapy.

Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and Short-Term Outcome in Brain Metastatic Tumors after CyberKnife Treatment

Objective: To evaluate the treatments’ outcomes in brain metastatic tumors after CyberKnife treatment according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and improvement of symptoms. Methods: A retrospective analysis of CyberKnife treatment;63 cases of patients with brain metastases;the use of CyberKnife treatment;short-term outcome evaluation after treatment and the MRI findings and measured before treatment and underwent diffusion-weighted imaging MRI scan of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. Results: 3 months after CyberKnife treatment and effectiveness were 82.5% and 96.8% respectively;6 months and one year survival rates were 82.5% and 55.6% respectively;the median survival time was 16 months. MRI of 52 patients (67 lesions) ADC values after treatment increased to some extent than before treatment. There are 38 lesions volume to shrink or disappear, no enhancement or slight enhancement in the lesion, no edema zone;27 lesions does not change in volume, no edema (18 lesions significantly weakened the degree of enhancement;6 lesions showed no obvious change enhancement;3 lesions showed ring enhancement, internal cystic);2 lesions volume were larger, heterogeneous enhancement, peripheral edema. Conclusion: CyberKnife is an effective method for treating brain metastatic tumor. MRI can accurately evaluate tumor lesions after treatment.

鼻咽癌放射治疗患者放射性脑损伤的危险因素分析及风险预测模型构建

目的探讨影响鼻咽癌放射治疗患者发生放射性脑损伤的危险因素,并构建风险预测模型。方法回顾性选取郑州大学第五附属医院2021年1月至2022年1月放射治疗后发生放射性脑损伤的40例鼻咽癌患者作为发生组,另选取同期接受放射治疗后未发生放射性脑损伤的61例鼻咽癌患者作为未发生组。收集两组患者的一般资料及临床指标,采用logistic回归性分析检验影响鼻咽癌放射治疗患者并发放射性脑损伤的危险因素,同时依据回归分析结果构建风险预测模型,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线检验风险预测模型对鼻咽癌放射治疗患者放射性脑损伤发生的预测价值。结果两组患者双侧颞叶最高照射剂量、血清胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、血清环氧化酶-2(COX-2)及血浆纤维蛋白原(Fib)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归性分析显示,高水平双侧颞叶最高照射剂量、血清GFAP、血清COX-2及血浆Fib是影响鼻咽癌放射治疗患者放射性脑损伤发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。构建风险预测模型,ROC内部验证显示曲线下面积(AUC)为0.911,AUC的95%CI为0.851~0.972,特异度0.967,敏感度0.775,约登指数0.742,(P<0.001)。结论双侧颞叶最高照射剂量、血清GFAP、血清COX-2及血浆Fib是影响鼻咽癌放射治疗患者放射性脑损伤发生的危险因素。

非共面容积调强和非共面固定野调强在脑转移瘤脑海马体保护全脑放射治疗联合同步推量的剂量学研究

目的:探讨Monaco治疗计划系统非共面容积旋转调强治疗(VMAT)和非共面固定野调强放射治疗(IMRT)在脑转移瘤海马保护全脑放射治疗(HA-WBRT)联合同步推量(SIB)的剂量学差异,为临床提供切实可行的治疗方案。方法:回顾性选择2022年6月至2023年10月在高州市人民医院接受放射治疗的22例脑转移瘤患者病历资料,每例患者均采用HA-WBRT联合SIB(HA-WBRT+SIB)的非共面VMAT和非共面IMRT两种放射治疗计划,在满足靶区处方剂量要求的情况下比较两种计划的靶区和危及器官剂量分布、计划的机器跳数和治疗前计划验证。结果:两种计划的计划肿瘤靶区(PGTV)的50、55 Gy剂量覆盖的体积(V_(50)、V_(55))、最大剂量(D_(max))、异质性指数(HI)和适形性指数(CI)比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对于全脑计划靶区(PTV-brain-SIB)的98%体积覆盖的剂量(D98%),IMRT与VMAT比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);VMAT计划可显著提高PTV-brain-SIB的30 Gy剂量覆盖的体积(V30)、降低HI值和提高CI值,与IMRT计划比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-6.366、3.289、-8.343,P<0.05)。VMAT计划左眼和右眼的D_(max)显著低于IMRT计划,差异均有统计学意义(t=5.784、5.351,P<0.05);VMAT计划右内耳的D_(max)高于IMRT计划,差异均有统计学意义(t=-2.848,P<0.05)。VMAT会显著增加左、右脑海马的D_(100%)高于IMRT计划,差异均有统计学意义(t=-2.564、-6.578,P<0.05)。IMRT计划的机器跳数为(1174±168)MU,显著低于VMAT计划,差异有统计学意义(t=-6.249,P<0.05);VMAT计划治疗时间为(294.1±16.4)s,少于IMRT计划,差异有统计学意义(t=-7.400,P<0.05)。在γ分析3%/2 mm和2%/2 mm标准下,IMRT计划的γ通过率分别为(99.1±0.6)%和(97.6±1.0)%,显著高于VMAT计划,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.733、5.780,P<0.05)。结论:基于Monaco放射治疗计划系统的非共面VMAT和非共面固定野IMRT两种治疗计划对脑转移瘤患者的海马保护全脑放射治疗联合同步推量照射均可产生临床可接受的结果。VMAT相对IMRT在靶区剂量分布更有优势,治疗效率更高,而IMRT可以更好地保护海马和降低机器跳数。

混合放疗技术在全脑放疗中的应用

目的比较混合放射治疗技术与调强放射治疗(Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy,IMRT)、容积调强放射治疗(Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy,VMAT)、三维适形放射治疗(Three dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy,3DCRT)在全脑放疗中的剂量学差异,研究混合放疗技术在全脑放疗的可行性。方法选取25例需要全脑放疗的患者为研究对象,分别设计3DCRT计划、基于3DCRT、IMRT技术的混合计划(Hybrid-IMRT)、基于3DCRT、VMAT技术的混合计划(Hybrid-VMAT)、IMRT计划、VMAT计划。Hybrid-IMRT计划与IMRT计划、Hybrid-VMAT计划与VMAT计划均采用相同的优化参数,2个混合计划3DCRT提供60%的处方剂量(2400 cGy/20 F),IMRT或VMAT部分提供剩余40%的处方剂量(1600 cGy/20 F)。比较5组计划的靶区均匀性指数、适形度指数、靶区最大剂量、机器跳数、危及器官(晶体、眼球、视神经、视交叉、脑干)的最大剂量。结果5种计划各项指标均满足临床需求。Hybrid-IMRT、Hybrid-VMAT计划靶区均匀度、靶区剂量最大点和晶体、视交叉、脑干的受量优于IMRT、VMAT计划,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);HybridIMRT、Hybrid-VMAT计划靶区适形度和眼球受量相对IMRT、VMAT计划差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Hybrid-IMRT、Hybrid-VMAT计划的机器跳数分别比IMRT、VMAT计划减少60%和10%(P<0.05)。结论Hybrid-IMRT、Hybrid-VMAT计划的各项参数均满足临床治疗要求,其靶区均匀度更好,治疗时间更短,对距离靶区较远和靶区内部的危及器官保护更好,因此混合放射治疗技术可以应用于全脑放疗中。

Diagnosis and management of brain metastases:an updated review from a radiation oncology perspective

Brain metastasis are the most common intracranial malignancy in the adult population. Their incidence has increased dramatically over the last 20 years, as a result of the increasing number of cases stemming from lung and breast cancer together with the higher cancer survival rates due to diagnostic and therapeutic advances. More than 40%of cancer patients develop brain metastases during the course of their disease: specifically, they appear in 50%of patients with lung cancer, more than 25% of patients with breast cancer, and 20% of patients with melanoma. Diagnosis is made using different imaging approaches, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, accompanied by clinical manifestations and a history of malignancy supporting the diagnosis of a brain metastasis. Current treatment options should be oriented to the patient's current performance, the number of intracranial and extracranial lesions, and related factors. Although surgical resection and whole-brain radiotherapy have been standard treatments for many years, numerous treatment modalities have become more easily available and accepted worldwide, producing more favorable and reliable results. Among these is stereotactic radiosurgery, and the latest clinical trials support this treatment.

111例非小细胞肺癌脑转移的治疗与预后

背景与目的 肺癌脑转移临床表现各异，尚无标准治疗方案。本研究的目的是回顾性分析非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）脑转移的个体化治疗策略以及全身化疗与全脑放疗的时序对生存期的影响。方法 纳入111例1995年9月至2004年5月伴脑转移的NSCLC患者，根据确诊时有无中枢神经系统（CNS）症状归纳为有症状组（37例）和无症状组（74例）：前者首选全脑放疗（WBRT）继之全身化疗；后者以全身化疗为主，择期行WBRT。化疗主要为含铂方案。WBRT：DT30～40Gy／20次。治疗过程中49例曾用卡莫司汀（BCNU）或鬼臼噻吩甙（VM-26）治疗。结果 全组中位生存11个月，1年生存率为40．79％，2年生存率为13．26％，有症状组与无症状组生存期差异无统计学意义。无症状组WBRT前中位化疗3周期（1～6周期），WBRT前接受3或4周期化疗者有预后意义（P=0．0188，P=0．0035）。无症状组治疗中并用BCNU或VM=26者生存期明显优于未用者（P=0．0219）。两组患者Ⅲ／Ⅳ度血液学毒性差异无统计学意义。COX多因素回归分析结果显示，脑转移灶数目（P=0．000）、脑外病灶数目（P=0．022）及ECOG状态（P=0．001）为独立预后因素。结论=无症状脑转移者WBRT前化疗3或4周期为宜，化疗可部分控制脑转移病灶，治疗中并用BCNU或VM-26可能有延长生存的优势。

立体定向放疗联合全脑放疗和福莫司汀治疗脑转移瘤的临床观察

目的：观察立体定向放疗联合全脑放疗和福莫司汀治疗脑转移瘤的近期疗效、颅内无进展生存时间以及不良反应。方法：72例脑转移瘤患者，随机分为36例立体定向放疗联合全脑放疗组（SRS联合组）和36例单纯全脑放疗组（WBRT组）。两组均在放疗的第1、8、15天静脉给予福莫司汀（2mg／kg）。结果：SRS联合组和WBRT组的有效率分别是91．7％和72．2％，差异有统计学意义（x2=4．600，P〈0．05），两组中位颅内无进展生存时间分别为9．0个月和7．0个月，差异有统计学意义（x2=4．159，P〈0．05）。SRS联合组的中枢神经系统反应较WBRT组轻，两组差异有统计学意义。两组的主要不良反应为骨髓抑制，但大部分患者能耐受。结论：立体定向放疗联合全脑放疗可提高脑转移瘤的缓解率及颅内无进展生存时间。立体定向放疗联合全脑放疗和福莫司汀治疗脑转移瘤疗效高，不良反应可以耐受，是治疗脑转移瘤的较好选择。

130例脑转移瘤常规放疗和调强放疗的疗效分析

目的评价调强放射治疗在脑转移瘤治疗中的疗效。方法将130例脑转移瘤患者随机分成常规放疗组和调强放射治疗组。常规放疗组64例,先行全脑放射治疗(WBRT)36～40Gy后,局部缩野加量,总剂量到50～60Gy,每次2Gy,5次/周。调强放射治疗组66例,全脑放射治疗剂量39.2～39.6Gy,脑转移灶剂量54～60Gy,5次/周,共23次。结果治疗结束后3月、6月复查,对1～3个脑转移灶患者,常规放疗组和调强放疗组的中位生存期、有效率(CR+PR)和1年生存率分别为13月、82%、59%和14月、88%、61%。对于脑转移灶数目大于3个的患者,常规放疗组和调强放疗组的中位生存期、有效率(CR+PR)和1年生存率分别为9月、73%、47%和13月、87.5%、59%。结论调强放射治疗可能是多发脑转移瘤患者的一种较常规全脑放疗更有效的治疗手段。

脑肿瘤放疗后脑损伤的治疗

目的 探讨治疗放射性脑损伤的意义。方法 37例放射性脑损伤患者采用脱水药、扩血管药物、神经营养药物、立体定向或和开颅手术等治疗。结果 6 0 %的病人症状改善 ,2 0 %部分改善 ,2 0 %无效。结论 对脑组织放射性损伤进行再治疗及采取积极的处理措施 ,将会使放射性脑损伤减少到最小程度 ,越早期治疗越好且有望症状改善或部分恢复 ,有手术指征者应及时采取正确的手术治疗。此外正确有效的预防措施在防止放射性脑损伤时也具有十分重要的意义。

肺癌脑转移病灶患者伽马刀放射治疗及全脑放射治疗的疗效

目的：探讨分析肺癌脑转移病灶患者伽马刀放射治疗（放疗）及全脑放射治疗的疗效。方法：选取2002年3月-2013年3月在我院接受诊断和治疗的500例肺癌脑转移患者作为研究对象。根据患者具体情况决定使用伽马刀放射治疗或全脑放射治疗。伽马刀放疗组和全脑放疗组患者在性别、年龄方面差异不明显,P〉0.05,具有可比性。结果：伽马刀放疗组和全脑放疗组在近期疗效、中位生存期和1年无颅脑病灶进展生存率方面无明显差异;伽马刀放疗组的1年生存率明显高于全脑放疗组;伽马刀放疗组的不良反应率明显高于全脑放疗组。结论：使用伽马刀放疗的不良反应率较小,疗效较好,因而整体由于全脑放疗,但是在临床实践中也应该考虑患者具体情况而决定治疗方案,对于肿瘤较大的患者可以将二者结合以取得更为满意的疗效。

放射性脑损伤实验兔模型的建立

目的建立能用于科学研究的放射性脑损伤动物模型。方法选用40只新西兰兔作为动物实验模型,随机分为4组:10Gy、15Gy、20Gy和30Gy组。分别在CT定位下建立三维重建图像资料,应用三维适形放射治疗系统(3D-TPS)精确设计治疗计划、优化照射靶区剂量分布,照射体积约1cm×1cm×1cm,6MVX线单次大剂量照射。结果3D-TPS的剂量分布曲线显示,受照区域剂量分布均匀,95%的等剂量曲线包绕100%靶区体积,受照体积为(1±0.03)cm3。结论动物模型受照区域产生剂量均匀、准确,可用于研究放射性脑损伤。

放射性脑损伤的磁共振氢质子波谱研究

【目的】对76例放射性脑病患者的病灶中央区、边缘区及对侧或正常区进行磁共振波谱(MRS)检测,试图找出放射性脑损伤的一些早期征象。【方法】①选择因鼻咽癌行颈部鼻咽部放疗后出现神经系统症状患者76例作为病变组,同期选择无鼻咽癌及放疗史的健康志愿者25例为对照组作MRI和MRS检测。②MRS按NAA、Cr、Cho波峰的高低的波形组合分三型及行波峰积分值和积分比值分析。【结果】①健康对照组MRS波峰形态主要呈Ⅰ型86.67%;②病变组:病灶中央区以Ⅱ型为主68.42%,边缘区波形组合以I型44.74%和Ⅲ型39.47%为多,正常区以Ⅰ型为主84.21%。病变组各区间的NAA、Cr、Cho、NAA/Cr、NAA/(Cr+Cho)和Cho/Cr的积分峰值及比值有统计学差异,P<0.001。【结论】MRS的波形及脑化合物的积分峰值变化能提示放射性脑损伤的程度。Ⅱ型提示已有放射性脑损伤的存在,Ⅲ型加NAA/Cr、NAA/(Cr+Cho)的比值<1,则要考虑有放射性脑损伤可能。