A Distributed Optimal Scheme Based on Local QoS for Web Service Composition

The goal of web service composition is to choose an optimal scheme according to Quantity of Service （QoS） which selects instances in a distributed network. The networks are clustered with some web services such as ontologies, algorithms and rule engines with similar function and interfaces. In this scheme, web services acted as candidate service construct a distributed model which can＇t obtain the global services＇ information. The model is utilized to choose instances according to local QoS information in the progress of service composition. Some QoS matrixes are used to record and compare the instance paths and then choose a better one. Simulation result has proven that our ~pproach has a tradeoff between efficiency and ~quality.

Access to Financial Services——An Analysis from the Human Rights Perspective

There is a broad connection between finance and human rights,with finance having both positive and negative impacts on human rights.Everyone has a need for access to financial services.Documents in both the international human rights and international finance fields address the relationship between financial services and human rights.Among financial services,microcredit and inclusive finance have the closest connection to human rights and potentially the greatest impact on human rights.Access to financial services promotes economic,social,and cultural rights as well as the rights of specific groups.The conditions for access to financial services to promote human rights require the state to assume obligations to recognize,respect,protect,and fulfill the need for individuals to access financial services,and to ensure the availability,accessibility,acceptability,and adaptability of basic financial services.Access to financial services has played a significant role in China’s comprehensive victory in the battle of poverty alleviation,providing valuable experience for the international community in poverty eradication,achieving sustainable development goals,and protecting and promoting human rights.

Midwifery and Midwives Service Scheme: A Panacea for Improvement of Some Maternal and Neonatal Indices in Nigeria—A Brief Review

Introduction: Midwifery is the art of caring for women during childbearing. It is practiced throughout the world according to the norms, traditions and cultural practices found in each country. Maternal mortality in Nigeria is high but there are wide variations between the geopolitical zones of the country. Government has established the midwives service scheme (MSS) as part of efforts towards reversing the country’s unacceptably high maternal mortality trends. To improve these indices, the MSS in Nigeria engaged newly graduated unemployed and retired midwives to work temporarily in rural areas. The midwives are posted for twelve months to selected primary care facilities linked through a cluster model in which four such facilities with the capacity to provide basic essential obstetric care are clustered around a secondary care facility with the capacity to provide comprehensive emergency obstetric care. This brief review is an attempt at exploring the impact of the midwives service scheme on maternal and neonatal indices in Nigeria. Main content: The outcome of the MSS four years has been an improvement though unevenly and marginally, in these indices in the various geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Improvements have been noticed in maternal indices such as antenatal care attendance, women receiving two doses of tetanus toxoid and number of deliveries by skilled personnel. Also reduction in maternal and neonatal mortality has been observed over the years following introduction of the scheme. Major challenges however, include lack of essential drugs, poor accommodation facilities for MSS staff, irregular payment of their remuneration and lack of water/power supply to some designated facilities for the scheme. Recommendations and conclusions: It is therefore recommended that 24 hours availability of essential drugs at primary healthcare centers be maintained. This should happen in conjunction with regular payment of full entitlements and benefits and provision of secured, habitable and good accommodation for MSS staff. Finally, aggressive community mobilization should continue in order to engender community involvement and participation for sustainable program development.

Scaling up Nigeria’s Midwives Service Scheme and Reducing Inequality Gaps in Maternal Mortality

The Federal Government of Nigeria in December 2009 launched midwives service scheme to address the shortage of skilled healthcare workforce needed to drive the efforts at improving maternal and infant health, towards the attainment of MDGS 4 and 5. This was in response to the unrelenting increase in maternal mortality in Nigeria. This review explores the implementation of the scheme and the extent to which its set-goals are achieved vis-à-vis many challenges confronting it. The review first explores the ecologic perspective on maternal mortality to identify factors responsible for high mortality among Nigerian women and the inequality gaps in maternal mortality. The review identifies the need to scale up midwives service scheme to areas in dire health needs, identifies the need for health needs assessment, and recognizes community participation as an essential ingredient in ensuring the sustainability of midwives service scheme. Routine evaluation of midwives service scheme is identified as an important tool for assessing the effectiveness of the scheme in achieving its objectives towards improvement in maternal health and reduction in inequality gaps in maternal mortality. The review proposes multi-sectoral interventions in tackling inequality gaps in maternal mortality with strategic focus on addressing inequalities in health and social determinants of health.

Impact of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme on Health Care Service Utilization in Rural China

Using the 2000, 2004, and 2006 CHNS longitudinal survey data and econometric methods （random-effect probit regression model and DID methods）, this study conducted an empirical analysis to estimate the impact of NCMS. The major conclusions are as follows. First, predisposing factors, enabling factors, health care need factors, and lifestyle factors affect health care utilization. Second, results using DID methods indicate that NCMS did not affect health care service utilization （outpatient and inpatient） of individuals when ill, but it might increase the possibility of getting a health examination. Third, there is no difference in health care service utilization （both outpatient and inpatient） between the NCMS enrollment group and the non-enrollment group in both working age group （15-59） and the elderly group （60 and over）. Therefore, it can be said that NCMS did not affect the health care utilization in both the group. However, NCMS positively affects disease prevention behavior （visiting the hospital to receive a health examination） in the working age group, but the effect did not appear in the elderly group.

一种基于Mobile Agent的Web Service新型安全模式

移动代理和Web服务相结合的应用在最近几年得到广泛研究,然而,安全问题仍然是一个主要关注点。提出了一种新型的基于移动代理的Web服务安全模式。这种模式提供了一种新的认证协议,而不使用用户名/密码对,因为它对移动代理是不可行的,并且针对当前的安全机制给出了一种替代方法,而不使用基于认证结构CA(Certification Authorities)的公钥基本措施。在这种模式下,人们可以简化密钥管理,并且减少计算量,特别是面向组的Web服务。

Web Services在集团财务中的应用开发

面对集团财务系统的异构性和繁杂性,利用Web Services技术设计一种自底向上的解决方案,构建Web服务的逻辑框架,可灵活动态地实现某公司集团财务的系统集成.文中的设计思路在类似集团集成应用中也有较好的借鉴意义.

一个基于Web Services的网络安全集中管理平台(SIMP)框架

网络安全是要靠各种安全设备协同工作来实现的。但安全设备在数量和类型上有很大的不同,管理工作变得很复杂。本文探求如何设计一个集中管理平台框架,提高网络的管理性,以确保网络的安全。

Factors Associated with Accessing ICDS Services among Women in Rural Rajasthan, India

Background: The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme, launched in 1975 by the Government of India, provides various health services to children and their mothers at ICDS centres. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand 1) the extent to which women living in Rajasthan, India utilize services provided by ICDS centres and 2) the factors that are associated with their use. Methods: Freedom from Hunger and Freedom from Hunger India Trust, in collaboration with two local partners in Rajasthan, India, conducted a baseline assessment with 403 pregnant women and women with young children belonging to self-help groups to compare use of ICDS centres with key demographic variables and measures of poverty, food security and nutrition, curative care related to diarrhea, coping strategies, and household decision-making. Results: The results revealed that households that accessed ICDS services were more likely to report receiving nutrition information from ICDS centres, to purchase ORS in the last year, and to give oral rehydration solution (ORS) to children who had diarrhea. Women who decide how much food to serve each family member or spend money without discussing it first with someone else were more likely to receive benefits from ICDS centres. Those who spoke with their spouse about household nutrition needs were less likely to report accessing ICDS services. Conclusion: Interventions aimed at increasing utilization of ICDS centres in this region may find it beneficial to increase female participation in health care decisions, likely through spousal communication and gender relations.

Eco-environmental benefit assessment of China's South-North Water Transfer Scheme——the middle route project

This paper assess the eco-environmental benefits that may come from the middle route project of China's South-North Water Transfer Scheme(SNWT) with principles and methods of eco-economics and planning reports of SNWT's middle route project. Some benefits were calculated in monetary units. To make sure that the results can be comparable with normal monetary indices, concrete assessment objects and the parameters are prudently selected according to the major characteristics of the project and its water import region. Primary assessment revealed that in different project construction stages, the benefit could be more than 13 07 billion RMB Yuan in 2010 and 19 79 billion RMB Yuan in 2030, respectively. The monetary value tends to increase with social-economic development. To realize these potential benefits, however, calls for more endeavors.

A novel handover scheme using torch nodes and adaptive measurement aggregation mechanism to improve QoS in high-speed railway communication

Technological advancement in the field of trans- portation and communication has been happening at a faster pace in the past few decades. As the demand for high-speed transportation increases, the need for an improved seamless communication system to handle higher data traffic in a highly mobile environment becomes imperative. This paper proposes a novel scheme to enhance the quality of service in high-speed railway （HSR） communication environment using the concept of torch nodes （TNs） and adaptive measurement aggregation （AMA）. The system was modeled using an object-oriented discrete event sim- ulator, and the performance was analyzed against the existing single-antenna scheme. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme with its minimal imple- mentation overhead can efficiently perform seamless han- dover with reduced handover failure and communication interruption probability.

国土空间规划的生态服务价值评估和方案优选——基于“土地利用+生态效能”的双维复合视角

生态文明建设是国土空间规划的核心价值观,但当前对于国土空间规划方案的生态效益却缺乏定量评估的相关方法。论文对谢高地等的生态服务价值评估方法做了一定改进,并应用于国土空间规划的多情景评估和优选,定量评估规划干预带来的生态效益。首先,认为生态服务价值受土地利用类型和生态服务效能这两个维度的复合作用,并探索了生态服务效能的修正指标和修正系数。其次,解析了国土空间规划作用于这两个维度的途径,即通过用地布局规划改变土地利用类型、通过生态措施影响生态服务效能,从而提出了国土空间规划多方案的生态服务价值评估方法,以及优选优化思路。最后,结合武汉市法泗街道案例的应用示例,为国土空间规划的编制与决策提供一定参考。

中国社会医疗保险制度未来发展的挑战与创新建议

中国社会医疗保险制度发展至今,已覆盖了95%以上的人口,筹资和报销待遇都达到了与国民经济所处的中等收入国家地位相称的水平,但也存在不同人群待遇相差悬殊、医保基金使用效率不高的问题。未来需要从实现公平的国民待遇、进行科学的医保筹资规划、制定统一的医疗服务价格、设计合理的医保报销政策、明确划分中央与地方政府的职责等方面,正视挑战,创新发展,避免医保制度发展的中等收入陷阱。

基于乘客服务水平和安全的城市轨道交通扣车方案评价

[目的]扣车是城市轨道交通发生长时间初始延误条件下经常采用的列车运行方案。为了评价该方案的合理性,需构建基于乘客服务和安全的扣车方案评价模型,并对扣车方案进行评价。[方法]考虑到乘客出行规律的复杂性和特殊性,制定了城市轨道交通扣车方案。构建了基于最大发车间隔、列车总延误时间、列车均衡性、终到延误列车数、滞留乘客数及乘客总旅行时间的扣车方案评价模型。选取上海某条轨道交通线路的4个区间,以早高峰小时的实际OD(起讫点)客流量为例进行计算。[结果及结论]计算表明,方案6下的综合评价指标最小,为最优扣车调整方案。该方案可以有效提高列车运行图的均衡性,减少滞留乘客的数量,降低车站的安全隐患。

基于模糊MACBETH和生态位理论的PSS方案评价方法

针对多属性决策方法与生态位理论结合的PSS评价方法权重确定过程中一致性检验繁琐、权重计算过程复杂和未考虑评价语义的模糊性的问题,模糊MACBETH用于确定客户价值的权重和客户体验阶段提供客户价值的重要性系数;该方法无须复杂的计算过程,利用三角模糊数处理语义的模糊性且依托软件系统自动检验一致性,提高了评价效率和准确度。针对生态位优势仅适用于完全竞争状态的优势计算,将生态位重叠与生态位优势结合,提出的竞争优势公式可以体现方案间竞争程度和生态位优势表示方案间的竞争优势的优点,反映方案间真实的竞争状态。最后以某新能源汽车制造企业PSS方案评价问题为例验证了所提方法的有效性。

图书馆镜像服务存在的法律风险及应对方案

随着互联网和大数据等现代信息技术的飞速发展,图书馆在资源馆藏及文献服务方面实现数字化转型是必然趋势。基于对司法判例的研究,梳理镜像服务给图书馆和数据库商带来的法律风险,并对法律风险涉及问题,从其成因、性质及司法判决的合理性等多角度进行分析,分别从完善相关立法、发挥司法体系的指引作用、图书馆加强自身管理、数据库商及出版机构从根源上完善授权等方面提出应对方案,以期为有效应对镜像服务法律风险提供指引。

Effects of New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme on Medical Service Utilization and Medical Expense Control of Inpatients： A 3-year Empirical Study of Hainan Province in China

Background： The New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme （NCMS） has been further adjusted and optimized to reduce the financial burden of rural residents and to achieve universal coverage for them. In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of NCMS on medical service utilization and medical expense of inpatients in recent years. Methods： The research data of Hainan Province were extracted from the Chinese NCMS platform from 2012 to 2014. Detailed information included total expenditure, average inpatients costs, average out-of-pocket payments, actual reimbursement rate, and average annual growth rate of the above indicators. Descriptive analysis was used to gauge the effects of NCMS. Results： In the utilization of medical services, NCMS inpatients in tertiary hospital decreased from 25.49% in 2012 to 20.39% in 2014, inpatients in county hospitals increased from 39.49% to 55.92%, simultaneously. The total expenditure in county hospitals rose steadily from 28.46% to 46.66%, meanwhile, the total expenditure in tertiary hospitals fell from 60.44% to 44.51%.The average out-of-pocket costs of rural inpatients remained stable over the years. Furthermore, the compensation fund ofNCMS inpatients grew significantly. The actual inpatient reimbursement rate at township health centers increased from 76.93% to 84.04%. Meanwhile, the rate at county hospitals and tertiary hospitals increased slightly from 59.37% and 46.10% to 61.25% and 47.71%, respectively. Conclusions： With the improvement of the reimbursement ability, especially after the new health care reform in 2009, the NCMS have been playing a prominent role in alleviating the economic burden of farmers＇ medical treatment. Meanwhile, more patients go to primary hospitals than tertiary hospitals, and the capability of primary hospitals has been greatly improved.

A novel differentiated services supporting scheme for optical burst switched networks

In this letter, we analyze the drawback of tail-dropping contention resolution in optical burst switched networks. Once contention occurs, we adopt modified head-dropping policy to resolve contention. This policy drops the head of the contending burst only if the overlapping region of the two bursts is less than the whole contending burst size, otherwise drops the whole contending burst. In order to have a better support of differentiated service, a new burst assembly policy, namely, Priority-based proportional mixed burst assembly, is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme performs very well in terms of performance metrics such as the times of contention and packet loss probability.

Admission Control Scheme for Handover Service in High-Speed Train Communication System

Admission control in high-speed train communication system is quite different from admission control in traditional cellular networks. Conventional admission control strategies cannot be directly applied to this special communication scenario. In this paper, the problem of admission control for handover service is investigated in high-speed train communication environment. An admission control scheme considering bit error rate(BER)and bandwidth borrowing strategy is proposed. On the basis of admission control decision rule taking BER into account, a part of bandwidth obtained by compressing variable rate service in the networks is provided for handover services. The admission control scheme can admit handover services as more as possible while it guarantees the lowest data rate of different services in the networks. Simulation results show that the proposed admission control scheme has a better performance than existing admission control schemes.

基于粒子群和改进蚁群算法的云计算任务调度

针对目前云计算任务调度方法的效率较低和日益多样化的用户服务质量需求等问题,提出一种将粒子群算法和改进蚁群算法结合的混合粒子群蚁群算法(HPSO-ACO),包括建立云计算任务调度模型、用户服务质量模型及虚拟资源节点模型。利用离散型粒子群算法,得到初始解集,转化为蚁群算法信息素的初始值,通过改进蚁群算法的寻径规则和信息素更新规则,得到最终解。通过仿真实验将粒子群算法、蚁群算法和HPSO-ACO算法进行比较,其结果表明,HPSO-ACO算法有效且可行,能够减少任务完成时间和降低完成成本,满足用户服务质量要求。