Genetic Mechanism of Dominant Earliness in Kefeng A,a New Rice Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line

Kefeng A is an early maturing indica cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） line of rice. Combinations derived from Kefeng A and late maturing indica restorer lines showed dominant earliness to various extents. To understand the genetic basis of dominant earliness, the genotype of photoperiod-sensitive genes in Kefeng A was analyzed using a complete set of heading time near isogenic lines （NILs） EGO to EG7, ER, LR, T65, T65E^b, T65E^bm, T65m, NIL（Hd1） and NIL（Hd4）. Results indicated that Kefeng A contained two dominant photoperiod-sensitive alleles E1 and Se-1^U on E1 and Se-1 loci, respectively, and the genotype of photoperiod-sensitivity genes for heading time in Kefeng A was E1E1e2e2E3E3Se-1^USe-1UEf-1Ef-1. Based on the detected heading time genotype, in combination with the heading time of Kefeng A and the early maturing phenomenon in its derived F1 hybrids, it is speculated that Kefeng A might carry a dominant inhibitor gene Su-E7 for the dominant photoperiod- sensitive gene E1, and a recessive inhibitor gene i-Se-1 for another dominant photoperiod-sensitive gene Se-1. The reason why F1 hybrids from Kefeng A exhibited early maturing was hereby analyzed and the breeding value of dominant earliness related genes in Kefeng A was discussed.

Verification of Glyphosate Resistance, Lepidopteran Resistance and Wide Compatibility of Male Sterile Line E1C4008S in Rice

Weeds and insect pests are two important biotic stresses resulting in yield loss in rice, and wide compatibility is the essential characteristic of breeding inter-subspecific hybrid rice. This study focused on glyphosate resistance, lepidopteran resistance and wide compatibility as well as identification of molecular and some agronomic characteristics of transgenic male sterile line E1 C4008 S. The results indicated that glyphosate resistance gene Epsps^# and lepidopteran resistance gene Cry1 ca^# were transferred into japonica wide compatibility male sterile line 4008 S by Agrobacterium-mediated method, and four independent transformation events named E1 C4008 S-1, E1 C4008 S-2, E1 C4008 S-3 and E1 C4008 S-4 were obtained, in which E1 C4008 S-3 and E1 C4008 S-4 were of single copy insertion. The EPSPS protein contents of E1 C4008 S-3 and E1 C4008 S-4 in different organs were significantly different both in descending order of leaf > stem > root, and ranged from 300.58 to 1410.69 μg/g at the tillering stage. The glyphosate tolerable concentration(dosage) of E1 C4008 S-3 and E1 C4008 S-4 reached at least 16 g/L(54.42 kg/hm^2), and the seeds of E1 C4008 S-4 can germinate normally on the medium containing 1 g/L glyphosate. The CRY1 C protein contents of E1 C4008 S-3 and E1 C4008 S-4 in different organs were significantly different both in descending order of leaf > stem > root, and ranged from 0.62 to 2.43 μg/g at the tillering stage. The larvae mortalities of rice leaf rollers fed on leaves of E1 C4008 S-3 and E1 C4008 S-4 for 5 d were 95.35% and 97.77%, respectively, while the average mortalities of silkworms fed with protein extracts from leaves of E1 C4008 S-3 and E1 C4008 S-4 reached 94.55% and 83.64%, respectively. The results suggested that wide compatibility and evaluated agronomic traits of E1 C4008 S-4 were not significantly changed by insertion of the exogenous genes. Overall, a novel male sterile germplasm with glyphosate resistance, lepidopteran resistance and wide compatibility was verified to be developed in rice.

Influence of Genetic Drift of Restoring Gene (Rf) on Seed Purity of Yuetai A, a Honglian-Type Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line in Hybrid Rice

The seed samples of Yuetai A, a Honglian （HL） type cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） line in hybrid rice were investigated to assess the seed purity and to analyze the cause of off-type plants by imitating the biological contaminant to Yuetai A in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province and Lingshui, Hainan Province during 2004-2006. The seed impurity of Yuetai A mainly resulted from the genetic drift of restoring fertility gene （Rt） after biological contamination but not from its sterility unstability. All of the ten maintainer lines, five restorer lines and three thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines used in the study could pollinate Yuetai A and Yuetai B to produce F1 plants, directly or indirectly resulting in Rf-gene drifting into Yuetai A and generating ＇iso-cytoplasm restoring-generations＇. Furthermore, high outcrossing rate and similar heading date of Yuetai A with many varieties used in rice production might easily result in the biological contamination. After removing all plants with Rf-gene mixed in Yuetai A and preventing Rf-gene drifting into Yuetai A, the seed purity of Yuetai A and Yuetai B had been raised to 100%.

Analysis of Heterosis, Combining Ability and Heritability of Cadmium Content in Brown Rice of Three-line Indica Hybrid Rice

Five cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） lines were used as parents in an incomplete diallet cross and six restorer lines of rice design （Nc II design）. Thirty hybrid combinations with the same growth period were selected as experimental ma- terials to investigate the heterosis, combined ability and heredity of Cd content in brown rice of indica hybrid rice. According to the results, Cd content in brown rice showed a significantly negative heterosis; the general combining ability and specific combination ability of Cd content in CMS and restorer lines both reached extremely significant level （P〈0.01）, indicating that both genetic improvement of parents and e- valuation of combinations are important to the breeding of hybrid combinations with low accumulation of Cd; the broad-sense heritabitity and narrow-sense heritability of Cd content were both relatively high with slight differences, which respectively reached 97.73% and 80.10%, indicating that Cd content in brown rice mainly de- pends on the additive action of genes; in addition, parent improvement showed bet- ter effect on the selection of early generation.

Difference and Inheritance of the Sterility Maintenance of CMS in Indica Rice

The inheritance of the sterility maintenance ability was studied for three types of CMS lines (Zhenshan97A, XieqingzaoA and II-32A) and several lines in indica rice. The result showed that the abilities to keep the male sterility of the maintainer lines strengthened obviously with the progressive backcrossing. The critical stage to maintain the sterility of CMS lines happened usually in BC5-6 generation. The selection of the recurrent parent gave an obvious influence on the pollen fertility distribution of the later generations. The author has discussed ways of improving of the maintainer lines.

Lodging Resistance of Aromatic CMS Line Zhongzhe A and Its Derived Lines

Nineteen rice combinations derived from Zhongzhe A and its derived lines, as well as Y Liangyou 1 as the control, were used to study lodging resistance by detecting plant height and some of the traits of culm and panicle that are related to lodging. The results indicated that the lodging resistance of 16 combinations was significantly stronger than that of Y Liangyou 1. Moreover, the lodging resistances of all combinations derived from Zhongzhe 2A, Zhongzhe 3A, Huazhe A and Zhong 1A were significantly higher than that of Y Liangyou 1. Additionally, the traits related to lodging were not identical within different CMS rice lines, and the relationship between plant height and lodging resistance was only significantly (P < 0.01) detected in Zhongzhe 2A. Some traits of the second internode were closely related to lodging in all combinations, which can be used as an effective index in lodging resistance breeding in rice.

水稻广亲和品种对不同细胞质不育系恢复力的鉴定研究

选用BT型、HL型和WA型3种细胞质的不育系及相应保持系对16个广亲和品种的恢复力进行测交鉴定,结果表明:(1)在同一细胞核背景下,BT型细胞质的可恢复性好于HL型细胞质,HL型细胞质又好于WA型细胞质.在同一不育细胞质背景下,籼稻不育系较粳稻不育系易恢复.(2)不同广亲和品种的恢复能力有较大差异:培矮64、培C311、轮回422、CPSLO-17等4个品种对以上3种不育细胞质能正常恢复,Paddy、E164能恢复BT型、HL型不育细胞质;Aus373对WA型、HL型细胞质能够恢复或部分恢复;Ketan Nangka对以上3种不育细胞质具有保持能力,鉴12、Pecos、Pelde、Calotoc、02428、lemont、Dular、真系秋光等8个品种对不同不育细胞质或保持或部分保持.(3)不同年份间广亲和品种恢复力的表达存在差异.比较而言,轮回422、Lemont、Dular和 Ketan Nangka对BT型、WA型南梗11A的恢复力或保持力比较稳定.

水稻广亲和广谱型恢复系SWR78的选育

利用野败(WA)型、红莲(HL)型、包台(BT)型3种细胞质的同核异质粳稻广亲和不育系苏秋A与19个籼、粳恢复系测交,筛选出对以上3种细胞质不育系均具正常恢复力的广谱型恢复系6078。通过回交,将广亲和品种Lemont的广亲和基因导入6078,育成广亲和广谱型恢复系SWR78。经测交鉴定,SWR78对WA型、印水(ID)型、HL型、BT型4种细胞质的10个籼、粳不育系均具正常恢复力。

水稻同核异质广亲和不育系的选育及主要农艺性状分析

通过杂交、花药培养和籼粳属性分子标记检测 ,育成广亲和保持系国广 B。以生产上广为应用的 6种不育质源野败型、矮败型、冈型、D型、印水型和 K型为不育细胞质供亲 ,以广亲和保持系国广 B为细胞核供体 ,进行同核异质广亲和不育系的转育 ,经过连续 7代回交作核置换育成一套同核异质广亲和不育系 ,并对该套不育系的主要性状进行分析比较。结果表明 ,在相同的细胞核背景下 ,不同细胞质源不育系的主要性状除分蘖盛期的分蘖数和剑叶叶角表现有显著差异外 ,其它性状表现的差异均未达显著水准 ,说明该套不育系的考察性状主要由核基因控制 ,细胞质效应较小。

粳稻三系亲本的性状特征与杂种优势分析

收集具有代表性的BT型粳稻不育系、保持系及恢复系各16个,共配制229个杂交粳稻组合,就三系亲本的性状特征、粳稻的杂种优势、不同性状亲子间的相关性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)恢复系和保持系的潜在库容相近,但恢复系分蘖性较弱、结实率和千粒重较低,单株产量显著低于保持系。恢复系的垩白度显著高于保持系,直链淀粉含量极显著低于保持系。改良外观品质和提高结实率是今后恢复系选育的主要目标。(2)杂交粳稻普遍存在较强的中亲优势,多数性状的超亲优势不强,但在生长势上则表现非常明显的竞争优势。杂交粳稻大穗优势突出,但结实率多表现负向优势,是目前制约杂交粳稻产量优势发挥的主要限制因素。(3)杂种的多数性状由不育系和恢复系共同决定,杂种与中亲值的相关性最好。比较而言,抽穗期、穗总粒数等性状与不育系关系较为密切,株高、穗实粒数、结实率、品质性状与恢复系关系较为密切。

水稻光敏核不育系N422s的广亲和性及分类地位初探

N422s是以晚粳型光敏核不育系7001s为供体,广亲和系轮回422为受体,经过杂交转育而成的稳定的中粳型光敏核不育系。亲和性研究表明,N422s不仅与4个标准测验种杂交产生具有正常育性的F_1代,而且与30个不同类型的地方品种(系)杂交F_1代也表现较高的育性。因此,该不育系具有广亲和性及配组自由度大的特点。N422s在形态指数及酚反应上表现为粳型,在杂交亲和力上也偏粳。但是,选用与籼粳分类有关的多位点同工酶进行分析,结果表明它属于籼稻。在光温生态反应上,它也表现出与原始亲本培迪(Padi)相似的反应型。考虑到N422s的广亲和性来自印度尼西亚的平原地方品种培迪,在分类地位上它归属于粳亚种下的爪哇群。

矮败型广亲和粳稻不育系的遗传改良及生物学特性研究

从粳稻不育系遗传改良方法研究的角度,介绍了广亲和粳稻不育系矮败型春江95A的选育经过,并以矮败型春江95A及其同核异质不育系滇Ⅰ型春江95A等为试验材料,开展相关生物学特性研究。结果表明,矮败型春江95A属偏粳型不育系,花粉败育类型以典败为主,育性稳定性明显好于染败型粳稻不育系,矮败型春江95A具有柱头外露率高、开花习性良好、异交结实率高和广亲和性好等特点,其可恢复性不同于染败型粳稻不育系。另外,还对典败型粳稻不育系的遗传改良及其杂种优势的应用前景进行了讨论。

水稻胞质雄性不育基因的遗传分析

水稻胞质雄性不育基因的遗传分析陈深广，闵绍楷，熊振民，吴建利，朱旭东（中国水稻研究所遗传育种系，杭州３１０００６）关键词：胞质雄性不育；广亲和性；等位性；基因型ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎＩｎｈｅｒｉｔａｎｃｅｏｆＣｙｔｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃＭａｌｅＳｔｅｒｉｌｉ...

红莲型不育细胞质在杂交粳稻育种中的应用

为了探讨红莲型不育细胞质应用于杂交粳稻育种的可能性,利用包台(BT)型、红莲(HL)型、茶野(CL)型、野败(WA)型等4种细胞质的同核异质不育系六千辛A与181个粳稻亲本测交,根据测交F1的小穗育性,筛选HL型粳稻恢复系。在此基础上,对筛选出的HL型粳稻恢复系与更多HL型不育系复测,并进行不同细胞质杂交粳稻的比对试验。研究结果表明:1)HL型和CL型不育系的恢、保关系十分一致,测交F1小穗育性间的相关性达极显著水平。2)HL型和CL型粳稻不育系的可恢性虽不如BT型不育系,但明显优于WA型粳稻不育系;以测交F1小穗育性达到85%以上作为选择标准,从BT型恢复系和广亲和恢复系中筛选出25个HL型(CL型)粳稻恢复系。3)不育系的核背景对杂种育性有影响,HL型六千辛A可恢性最好,其次为HL型陵香A,HL型珍5A可恢性最差。4)与BT型不育系配制的杂种相比,HL型和CL型不育系配制的杂种育性稳定性相对较差。5)HL型不育系配制的杂种与BT型、WA型不育系配制的杂种在播种至抽穗历期、株高、产量及品质性状上均无明显差异;HL型不育系配制的杂交粳稻结实率正常,与BT型不育系配制的杂种无明显差异,明显高于WA型不育系配制的杂种。说明HL型不育细胞质应用于杂交粳稻育种是可行的。

应用基因芯片分析短日低温条件下新型粳稻光温敏核质互作不育系育性相关基因

为了解具有三系和两系两套不育机制的新型粳稻光温敏核质互作不育系2310SA分子水平上的育性机理,同时也试图对水稻雄性不育现象做进一步探讨,利用水稻基因芯片,以2310SA及其保持系两系光温敏不育系2310S为材料,在安徽合肥秋季自然短日低温条件下,比较了稳定不育的2310SA和恢复可育的2310S(对照)减数分裂期、单核期、二核期和三核期等4个穗发育时期花药基因表达谱的变化差异。减数分裂期(上调表达基因1938个,下调表达基因1635个)和三核期(上调表达基因2220个,下调表达基因2656个)差异表达基因数目多于单核期(上调表达基因752个,下调表达基因693个)和二核期(上调表达基因1025个,下调表达基因886个),三核期下调表达基因比上调表达基因多,其他3期上调表达基因比下调表达基因多。所有差异表达基因聚类显示,单核期和二核期差异表达基因聚为一类,减数分裂期和三核期差异表达基因独立成为第2类和第3类。筛选出147个在4个穗发育时期都差异表达的基因。这些共有差异表达基因也只有在三核期下调表达基因比上调表达基因多。这些共有差异表达基因,参与了生物合成、刺激反应、光合作用、信号传导、大分子的新陈代谢、运输、转录调节、碳水化合物的代谢、花的发育和细胞死亡等11类生物学过程。所得共有差异表达基因中存在与脂类代谢有关的细胞色素P450家族蛋白和β-环羟化酶,与热激反应有关的热激转录因子、热激蛋白DnaJ家族蛋白及热激蛋白70等相关基因。这些基因与细胞死亡有直接或间接的关系,它们的异常表达可能与不育花粉的形成有关。

BT型杂交粳稻育性及其三系的若干蛋白质标记(英文)

用十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (SDS- PAGE)方法 ,对粳稻 BT细胞质雄性不育系六千辛 A,保持系六千辛 B,恢复系六千辛 R、7730 2 - 1,以及杂交组合六千辛 A/7730 2 - 1的 F1 和 F2 种子的胚乳贮藏蛋白进行了分析。结果表明 ,在谷蛋白α- 3区域 ,恢复系有两条带α- 3a和α- 3b,而六千辛 A和六千辛 B只有一条带α- 3。 F2 代具有α- 3的种子和具有α- 3a加α-3b的种子 1∶ 1分离。谷蛋白α- 4带的移动速率 ,恢复系比六千辛 A快。把较快的α- 4带记为α- 4f。 F2 代具有α- 4的种子和具有 α- 4加 α- 4f的种子也是 1∶ 1分离 ,与配子体不育类型的 F2 代花粉育性恢复基因分离比一致。系谱分析表明六千辛 R中 α-3a和α- 3b来源于 IR8。六千辛 A比六千辛

杂交粳稻的选育与应用(综述)

综述了中国杂交粳稻选育的历史及目前应用的主要细胞质源、组合及各生态类型 ,提出推广和应用杂交粳稻是水稻生产高产、稳产的需要 ,是产量、品质、抗性兼顾的需要 ,也是种子产业化和优质米工程的需要。今后杂交粳稻育种将以优质为主攻目标 。

两个杂交稻组合及其亲本材料对白背飞虱抗性的研究

采用田间白背飞虱种群调查和水稻产量、室内白背飞虱蜜露量、产卵量及卵发育率测定 ,在浙江富阳和重庆秀山两地研究了杂交稻组合及其亲本材料对白背飞虱的抗虫性。田间试验结果表明 :不育系协青早A和珍汕 97A表现出对白背飞虱比感虫对照品种TN1更感虫的“超感虫性” ,稻株上的若虫量分别高达 371.1和 2 92 .5只 /丛。在杂交稻汕优 6 3和协优 930 8上的若虫数量与TN1上的相当 ,杂交稻的感虫性主要来源于其不育系亲本。在无杀虫剂防治的情况下 ,感虫杂交稻组合的千粒重和产量损失率高达 2 2 %和 78%左右 ,不育系材料被完全毁灭 ,表现为虫量越大 ,千粒重下降幅度越大 ,产量损失率越高。蜜露量测定表明 ,恢复系明恢 6 3和 980 3具有一定的耐虫性。白背飞虱在杂交稻及其亲本上的产卵量和卵发育率没有显著差异。还对杂交稻抗虫性的改良进行了讨论。

水稻恢复系选育的轮回选择法及其应用效果研究

利用野败型细胞质雄性不育性作为遗传工具 ,进行水稻恢复系的轮回选择。试验证明 :(1)由于构建基础群体时加入了一定比例具有保持系性质的常规品种 ,以及在后续世代中不断将经过后裔测验 ,证实在主要恢复基因位点上均为杂合型的中选可育株种子返回群体 ,给不育株授粉 ,因而保证了每轮次轮回选择群体内不育株比例基本稳定在 1 4左右 ,有足够数量的不育株可供进行表型选择和构建下一轮次的轮回选择群体 ,使轮回选择可以代代进行。 (2 )经过 1～ 2个轮次的轮回选择 ,群体内绝大多数植株的出穗期和株高已经符合育种目标要求 ,这为群体经济性状和品质性状的选择提供了前提条件。 (3)在改良群体的同时 ,从轮选群体中不断选择可育单株进入选种圃 ,培育了一些优良恢复系纯系 ,配制出优良杂交组合 ,其中以优良恢复系P0 0 4与粤丰A配制的杂交组合 30 37较为突出 ,该组合已进入江苏省水稻中间试验。

7个籼型水稻细胞质雄性不育系异交习性的研究

以D型细胞质雄性不育系D62A、D63A、D64A、D23A,冈型细胞质雄性不育系G46A,和野败型细胞质雄性不育系珍汕97A、金23A等7个籼型细胞质雄性不育系为材料,视珍汕97A为对照,在海南对它们的异交性能进行了比较研究。结果表明:7个细胞质雄性不育系的颖花开花率从高到低依次为D23A、D63A、D62A、D64A、珍汕97A、金23A、G46A;D62A等6个细胞质雄性不育系的柱头外露率均高于对照珍汕97A;除G46A、金23A外,其余4个的午前花率均比对照珍汕97A高;D62A、D63A、D64A等3个细胞质雄性不育系的平均张颖时间均比对照珍汕97A长,其余三个短于珍汕97A。柱头活力的强弱顺序依次是:对照珍汕97A、D62A、金23A、D63A、D64A、G46A、D23A。异交结实率从高到低的顺序是D62A、D63A、D23A、金23A、D64A、G46A、珍汕97A。