A Novel Method of Auxiliary Power Supply Used in Wide-Range High Voltage Input DC-DC Converter

In high voltage input DC-DC converter, auxiliary winding of isolation transformer is usually used to supply power for control circuit. Due to the wide-range of input voltage, the variable output voltage of auxiliary winding will cause a series of problems, such as variable drive pulse amplitude, increased driver switching devices loss and drive transformer core saturation. This paper analyzes the influence of variable output voltage of auxiliary winding in detail. A novel method is proposed to solve the problem of large variation range of auxiliary winding output voltage, which is adding a buck converter between the auxiliary winding and the control circuit. A dual switch forward convert has been designed with 300 V - 800 V input and 24 V/5 A output. The results show that this method is effective by comparing the different results of using buck converter or not.

涡街流量计抗管道周期振动性能的试验研究

为研究涡街流量计在管道周期振动情况下的抗振性能,对国内广泛应用的应力式模拟涡街流量计,在气体流量管道周期振动试验装置上进行了不同振动加速度和方向的试验.通过对振动产生仪表系数相对误差的研究,得出模拟涡街流量计的抗振加速度,并分析了此时涡街流量传感器输出信号的品质特征.最后,为与模拟涡街作比较,对横河和ABB公司生产的数字涡街流量计进行了相同的管道周期振动试验,研究了数字涡街的抗振性能,并发现振动倍频信号是导致仪表系数相对误差出现的主要原因. Abstract： To study the pipeline periodic vibration influence on the anti-vibration performance of vortex flowmeters,some experiments under different vibrating accelerations and directions have been carried out on the application-specific pipe periodic vibrating facility. The analog vortex flowmeter based on piezoelectric effect is tested firstly and its meter coefficient relative error caused by vibrations is investigated. Then the anti-vibrating acceleration is obtained and the signal quality of the vortex flow sensor is analyzed as well. Finally, in comparison with the analog vortex flowmeter, the same pipeline periodic vibration experiments are performed on the digital vortex flowmeter products of Yokogawa and ABB. The anti-vibration performances of digital vortex flowmeters are studied and it is found that multiple frequency of pipe vibration is the main reason of their meter coefficient relative errors.

涡街流量计数字信号处理系统的改进与实验

本文针对涡街流量计数字信号处理系统存在的不能测量小流量和易受电磁干扰的问题 ,对其软硬件方面进行了改进。重新设计和研制了电荷放大器 ,提高了灵敏度 ,增强了适配能力。采取了合理的接地和屏蔽措施 ,提高了系统的抗干扰能力。采用去均值和频谱校正的方法 ,改善了系统的测量精度。编制键盘监控软件 ,采用状态变量法设计键值分析程序 ,实现人机对话功能。进行了液体流量和气体流量的标定实验 ,结果表明 ,改进后的数字信号处理系统比常规的流量计信号处理系统的测量精度高、流程比宽和适配能力强。

Fourier Spectrometer based on Wide-range and Phase-locked Michelson Interferometer with Femtosecond Laser Excitation

A wide-range and phase-locked Michelson interferometer technique is described. This technique combined with femtosecond laser is used to measure the spectrum of the rare-earth ion Nd：YVO4, which presents very high signal to noise ratio of interferometric intensity output and higher spectral resolution than traditional grating spectrophotometer.

扰流对大口径内锥流量计性能影响的仿真研究

利用数值仿真方法,对800 mm口径、β值为0.726 8的大口径内锥流量计进行了CFD数值模拟研究。分别在内锥流量计的上、下游直管段处安装半月型孔板,通过扰流件对速度场的影响,分析内锥流量计的性能。研究结果表明:大口径内锥流量计流出系数几乎与雷诺数无关;如果在内锥流量计的上游5D、下游1D或更远直管段处安装扰流件,基本上不影响流出系数;若同时在上游和下游安装扰流件,此时下游的扰流件对速度场起到整流器的作用。

Accuracy of Medical Oxygen Flowmeters: A Multicentric Field Study

The accuracy of 476 oxygen flowmeters was investigated using a thermal mass flowmeter in eight hospitals in France and Belgium. Different oxygen flow rates (2 to 15 l/min) were evaluated at the patient’s bed. When the sample was considered as a whole, the accuracy of delivered flow was acceptable but precision was poor. The variability of the delivered flow between devices was greater when a low flow rate was required. Compensated-pressure oxygen flowmeters for these low rates were more accurate than their non-compensated counterparts. This study emphasizes the need to individually adapt the oxygen flow rate each time a patient has to move from one flowmeter to another.

Application of Hilbert-Huang transform to denoising in vortex flowmeter

Due to piping vibration, fluid pulsation and other environmental disturbances, variations of amplitude and frequency to the raw signals of vortex flowmeter are imposed. It is difficult to extract vortex frequencies which indicate volumetric flowrate from noisy data, especially at low flowrates. Hilbert-Huang transform was adopted to estimate vortex frequency. The noisy raw signal was decomposed into different intrinsic modes by empirical mode decomposition, the time-frequency characteristics of each mode were analyzed, and the vortex frequency was obtained by calculating partial mode’s instantaneous frequency. Experimental results show that the proposed method can estimate the vortex frequency with less than 2% relative error; and in the low flowrate range studied, the denoising ability of Hilbert-Huang transform is markedly better than Fourier based algorithms. These findings reveal that this method is accurate for vortex signal processing and at the same time has strong anti-disturbance ability.

Numerical Solution of the Weight Function for Electromagnetic Flowmeter

A numerical solution of the weight function for a two-electrode electromagnetic flowmeter was proposed. The solution was obtained by using the finite element method based on the basic equation of a traditional two-electrode electromagnetic flowmeter. The two-dimensional distribution of the weight function of the electromagnetic flowmeter obtained was verified by the analytical solution. Three-dimensional distribution of the weight function was also presented in the paper. It can be employed to analyze the sensitivity and linearity of the electromagnetic flowmeter with non-uniform magnetic field, and even to assist the design of the excitation coil pair.

Research and Development on β Ray Ionization Gas Flowmeter

A new method of measuring gas flow in heavy or medium pipe based on the ionization effect of gas irradi ated with rays is presented. The mesurement principle of the flowmeter has been theoretically analyzed,the structure form and the base of relevant parameter’s choice of the flowmeter have been given, and theintellectual instrument is developed. The results of experiment show that the per formance of the flowmeter is stable, the precision can reach 1 to 1. 5 percent, and it has fairly capability to resist disturbance and pollution.

微小口径涡街流量计设计与测量特性研究

涡街流量计是基于流体振荡原理对流量进行测量的流量计,但在低流速下输出的信号很微弱,在实际测量过程中会叠加各种现场产生的噪音。并且目前工业上使用小口径涡街流量计在小流量工况下存在测量局限性,一般最小口径仅到DN15。针对目前涡街流量计存在的问题对DN10及以下的微小口径涡街流量计结构及参数进行研究,以满足工业上的测量新需求。基于模拟仿真计算平台,建立不同尺寸参数的微小口径涡街流量计数值计算模型并进行仿真计算,提出优化的涡街流量计结构尺寸。通过对不同压力监测点的压力波动强度及频率的研究,分析传感器的最佳布置位置。最后以电磁流量计为标准表对所研制的微小口径涡街流量计在微量程段进行了测试,对该被检流量计的误差、精度等参数进行实验,同时对雷诺数与斯特劳哈尔数之间的关系及仪表系数进行分析,结果表明,仿真所获的测量特性与实验测得的特性具有较好的一致性,且该微小口径涡街流量计相对误差优于0.5%,重复性等指标能够满足微量程段内的测量标准。

定容式气体微流量校准装置吸放气特性研究

介绍了定容式气体微流量校准装置的组成和工作原理,对流量计吸放气特性进行了实验研究,给出了静态压力上升速率曲线,并对实验结果进行了理论分析,得出了对于结构复杂的真空系统要结合系统各组件的结构、历史使用情况等因素来分析系统的吸放气特性,在一定的温度下长时间全面烘烤是降低真空系统放气率的有效途径。

Application of empirical mode decomposition based energy ratio to vortex flowmeter state diagnosis

To improve the measurement performance, a method for diagnosing the state of vortex flowmeter under various flow conditions was presented. The raw sensor signal of the vortex flowmeter was adaptively decomposed into intrinsic mode functions using the empirical mode decomposition approach. Based on the empirical mode decomposition results, the energy of each intrinsic mode function was extracted, and the vortex energy ratio was proposed to analyze how the perturbation in the flow affected the measurement performance of the vortex flowmeter. The relationship between the vortex energy ratio of the signal and the flow condition was established. The results show that the vortex energy ratio is sensitive to the flow condition and ideal for the characterization of the vortex flowmeter signal. Moreover, the vortex energy ratio under normal flow condition is greater than 80%, which can be adopted as an indicator to diagnose the state of a vortex flowmeter.

Study on hydrodynamic vibration in fluidic flowmeter

The characteristics of the fluidic flowmeter,which is a combination of impinged concave wall and bistable fluid amplifier,is investigated by experimental studies and numerical simulations. The numerical approaches are utilized to examine the time dependent flow field and pressure field inside the proposed flowmeter. The effect of varying structural parameters on flow characteristics of the proposed fluidic flowmeter is investigated by computational simulations for the optimization. Both the simulation and experimental results disclose that the hydrodynamic vibration,with the same intensity,frequency and 180° phase shift,occurs at axisymmetric points in the feedback channel of the fluidic flowmeter. Using the structural combination of impinged concave wall and bistable fluid amplifier and differential signal processing technique,a novel fluidic flowmeter with excellent immunity and improved sensibility is developed.

Influence of bluff body shape on wall pressure distribution in vortex flowmeter

To investigate the influence of bluff body shape on wall pressure distribution in a vortex flowmeter,experiments were conducted on a specially designed test section in a closed water rig at Reynolds numbers of 6.2×10 4-9.3×10 4.The cross sections of the bluff bodies were semicircular,square,and triangular shaped,and there were totally 21 pressure tappings along the conduit to acquire the wall pressures.It is found that the variation trends of wall pressures are basically identical regardless of the bluff body shapes.The wall pressures begin to diverge from 0.3D(D is the inner diameter of the vortex flowmeter) in front of the bluff body due to the diversity in shape,and all reach the minimum values at 0.3D behind the bluff body.A discrepancy between the triangular or square cylinder and the semicircular cylinder in wall pressure change is observed at 0-0.1D behind the bluff body.It is also found that the wall pressures and irrecoverable pressure loss coefficients increase with flow rates,and the triangular cylinder causes the smallest irrecoverable pressure loss at a fixed flow rate.

Kinematics modeling of a 6-PSS parallel mechanism with wide-range flexure hinges

A novel 6-PSS flexible parallel mechanism was presented,which employed wide-range flexure hinges as passive joints.The proposed mechanism features micron level positioning accuracy over cubic centimeter scale workspace.A three-layer back-propagation(BP) neural network was utilized to the kinematics analysis,in which learning samples containing 1 280 groups of data based on stiffness-matrix method were used to train the BP model.The kinematics performance was accurately calculated by using the constructed BP model with 19 hidden nodes.Compared with the stiffness model,the simulation and numerical results validate that BP model can achieve millisecond level computation time and micron level calculation accuracy.The concept and approach outlined can be extended to a variety of applications.

一次盐水精制工序在线监测仪的应用

介绍了一次盐水精制工序两碱含量在线监测仪、钙镁含量在线监测仪和氯化钠浓度在线监测仪的测量原理,对比分析了在线检测数据与人工检测数据,为稳定生产和降低成本奠定了基础。

Research on double differential pressure dynamic flowmeter

When testing an electrohydraulic proportional valve,it is necessary to test the high frequency dynamic flow with bias.Because of the limitation of the piston stroke,a no-load hydraulic cylinder is only suitable for a reciprocating symmetrical dynamic flow test.Since the traditional differential pressure flowmeter is affected by viscosity and inertia of the fluid,it is only suitable for measuring steady flow.Therefore,a new type of double pressure differential dynamic flowmeter is designed to improve the traditional differential pressure flowmeter.The influence of fluid viscosity and inertia in the flow process are negated by subtracting the differential pressure in section expansion from the differential pressure in section contraction.The double differential pressure flowmeter is modeled and a flow meter prototype is designed.Then,the flow coefficients are identified and corrected by a practical test.Finally,the dynamic performance and steady-state precision of the flowmeter are verified by comparing with the test results of the no-load hydraulic cylinder.The double differential pressure dynamic flowmeter is proven to measure dynamic flow accurately,especially at higher dynamic frequencies.

基于时变信号模型的科里奥利质量流量计信号处理方法

提出用频率、幅值和相位均按照随机游动模型变化的信号来描述科氏流量传感器的输出信号。采用具有跟踪频率变化能力的自适应陷波器,对信号进行滤波,以求其频率;采用自适应谱线增强器从含有噪声的数据中提取出所需要的信号;然后采用滑动Goertzel算法计算两路信号之间的相位差,并通过频率和相位差计算出时间差,求得质量流量。仿真结果表明所研究的方法是有效的。

基于ARM的流量计大容量存储功能的实现

基于ARM的嵌入式流量计可以对大容量的实时数据进行结构化存储,具有体积小、结构精简、执行效率高的特点,很适合在实时性和精度要求严格的场合应用。系统还具可扩展性,可根据用户要求配置网络或USB接口进行数据传输。

DESIGN,FABRICATION,TESTING AND MECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF BULK-MICROMACHINED FLOWMETERS

Micromachined piezoresistive flowmeters with four different types of sensing struc- tures have been designed,fabricated and tested.Piezoresistors were defined at the end of the sensors through p-diffusion,and their values were about 3.5kΩ.Wheatstone bridge was configured with the piezoresistors in order to measure the output response.The output voltage increases with increasing flow rate of air,obeying determined relationships.The testing results show that the sensors that are designed for measuring 10L/M in full operational range have desired sensitivities.The sensor chip is manufactured with bulk-micromachining technologies,requiring a set of seven masks.