Study on the Current Situation and Protection Countermeasures of Wild Plant Resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve

[Objective] The aim was to study the current situation and protection countermeasures of wild plant resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve. [Method] The current situation of wild plant resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve was researched by means of route survey, sample plot survey and literature survey, and then the main impact factors of wild plant resources were analyzed by using participatory rural appraisal and problem tree analysis, finally protection countermeasures were put forward according to current situation and main impact factors. [Result] There were 2 779 species of vascular plants belonging to 214 families and 1 012 genera (including subfamilies and varieties) in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve, among them, there existed 261 species of pteridophyte belonging to 41 families and 91 genera, 14 species of gymnosperm belonging to 6 families and 6 genera, and 2 504 species of angiosperm belonging to 167 families and 915 genera. Wild plant resources in reserve were mainly affected by planting under forest, habitat fragmentation, cutting trees, collection and utilization of no-timber products, development of animal husbandry, insufficient recognition of community residents to reserve management establishment and lots of floating population. In the future, wild plant resources in reserve could be protected through strengthening propaganda, education and management, enforcing the law strictly and other countermeasures. [Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical foundation for the protection of wild plant resources in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve.

Protection and Quality Control of Wild Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources in Nature Reserves by Taking Longyuwan Scenic Spot Within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve as an Example

This paper discussed how to protect and control the quality of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources in nature reserves by taking Longyuwan National Forest Park within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve as an example. Through the combination of three methods including literature review, visiting and investigational studies, and field surveys, the data of investigation, collection and collation were analyzed. According to data of surveys, collection and collation, problems related to the protection of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources faced by Longyuwan Scenic Spot within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve were also analyzed and protection strategies and quality control of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources in this nature reserve were discussed. It was expected that the results would provide important scientific references for the sustainable development, protection and quality control of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources within nature reserves.

Evaluation of Cold Tolerance in Wild Sugarcane Germplasm Resources under Field Conditions

In January 2016, Kunming underwem 52 hours of rain and snow weather below 0℃. in order to identify the cold tolerance of different wild sugarcane germplasm resources in low temperature and snow disasters, cold injuries of 38 shares of wild sugareane germplasm resources, which were oollected during 2012 -2013 and preserved in the germplasm resource nursery of Sugarcane Research Institute, Yumlan Agricultural University, were surveyed to evaluate the cold tolerance based on sugarcanc cold tolerance index （CTI） = 0.5 x shoot tip growing point injury index ＋ O. 3 x node injury index ＋ 0.2X internode injury in- dex. The results showed that cold tolerance indexes of four wild sugarcane varieties demonstrated a descending order of Erianthus arundinaceum Retz. （0.7）, Eri- aTrthus rockii Keng （0.5） , Sacchartun sporrtanettm L. （0.3） , Erianlhus fulvus Ne^s. （0）. Greater cold tolerance indexes indicate poorer cold tolerance. Thus, Erianthu, arundinaceum had the poorest cold tolerance, while Erianthus fulvus exhibited the strongest cold tolerance. In addition, there were significant differences in cold tolerance among diffcrent Saccharum spontaneum clones. The 23 Saccharum spontaneum clones could be divided into four grades, including 1 clone with the poorest cold tolerance that accounted for 4.3%, 5 clones with poor cold tolerance that accounted for 21.7%, 14 clones with strong cold tolerance that accounted tot 60.9%, and 3 clones with the strongest cold tolerance that accounted for 13.0% （2012 -23, 2012 -32, 2012 -37）. Especially, 2012 -23 exhibited extremely strong cold tolerance. This study provided the scientific basis for screening of cold-tolerant wild sugarcane germplasm resources and selection of cold-toleranl parents.

Genetic Diversity of Wild Rice Species in Yunnan Province of China

Yunnan Province of China is one of the important centers for origin and evolution of cultivated rice worldwide. Wild rice is the ancestor of the cultivated rice. Many elite traits of wild rice have widened the genetic basis in cultivated rice. However, many populations of wild rice species have disappeared in the past few years. Therefore, the current status of wild rice resources should be updated and the genetic diversity of wild rice species should be examined for further germplasm preservation and utilization. Our investigations showed that the number of natural wild rice populations declined sharply in Yunnan Province during the past few years due to various reasons. Fortunately, one population of Oryza rufipogon, three of O officinalis and ten of O. granulata have been newly found in different ecological sites, which were confirmed by inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） marker analysis in this study. ISSR analysis and investigation of some important traits of nutritional values indicated that the genetic diversity of the currently existing wild rice resources in Yunnan is still rich. The demonstration of genetic diversity of wild rice by a combined use of geographical distribution, morphological traits, nutrition contents and ISSR markers would be helpful for the conservation and exploration of these important wild rice resources.