[Objective] The aim was to study the willingness to accept compensation and compensation sharing of returning land for farming to forestry in Zhangjiakou and Chengde region.[Method] Based on the investigation of farm...[Objective] The aim was to study the willingness to accept compensation and compensation sharing of returning land for farming to forestry in Zhangjiakou and Chengde region.[Method] Based on the investigation of farmers’ willingness to accept ecological compensation in Zhangjiakou and Chengde region,farmers’ willingness to accept compensation was quantized,and the calculation model of sharing rate of ecological compensation was established,finally the sharing rate of ecological compensation was calculated choosing water supply quantity as reference.[Result] Farmers’ willingness to accept compensation in Zhangjiakou and Chengde region was 2 740.5 yuan/(hm2·a),and returned farmland area was 429 700 hm2 in 2008,so the willingness to accept ecological compensation was up to 1.178 billion yuan/a.In addition,the ecological compensation sharing rate of government was 37.60% in Beijing,42.75% in Tianjing and 19.64% in Tangshan,and their ecological compensation funds were 443,504 and 231 million yuan,respectively.[Conclusion] The study could provide important foundation for the establishment of ecological compensation standard and implementation of ecological compensation in Zhangjiakou and Chengde region.展开更多
Ecological compensation is widely considered a policy that encourages farmers to recycle livestock and poultry waste for economic and ecological benefits.Therefore,based on field data from 30 counties(districts)in six...Ecological compensation is widely considered a policy that encourages farmers to recycle livestock and poultry waste for economic and ecological benefits.Therefore,based on field data from 30 counties(districts)in six cities of Shandong Province,China,this study systematically analyzes farmers'willingness to accept compensation for livestock and poultry waste resource utilization as well as its determinants.It does so using the UTAUT theoretical analysis framework,as well as the contingent valuation method and Heckman two-stage selection model.The results show that,first,72.4%of the farmers in the sample are willing to accept a certain amount of compensation—the expected value of which is RMB 98.02 per month per household—as an incentive to utilize livestock waste.Second,the key determinants of farmers'willingness to accept compensation are marital status,family annual income,concurrent business,farming scale,economic performance expectation,social performance expectation,knowledge reserve,public relations,and technical convenience.Finally,the factors that affect farmers’willingness in terms of the compensation amount are gender,age,family annual income,social performance expectation,subjective norms,and public relations.Therefore,to promote the recycling of livestock and poultry waste,this study proposes policies that promote education and technology popularization in relation to livestock and poultry waste resource utilization,provide subsidies for waste recycling,and strengthen government control and social supervision over the non-standard disposal of such waste.展开更多
The In most contingent valuation (CV) studies, WTP (Willingness to pay) and WTA (Willingness to accept) were often used separately, so protesting or no response or even babbling answers are increasing, and the debate ...The In most contingent valuation (CV) studies, WTP (Willingness to pay) and WTA (Willingness to accept) were often used separately, so protesting or no response or even babbling answers are increasing, and the debate persists over the reliability of CV in economic policy analysis. In order to improve the reliability of CV, WTP and WTA is used syn-chronously to estimate the restoration cost of Maqu grassland ecosystem. Data were partly from questionnaire survey, and partly from interviews and authorities. Before conclusions were derived, we assumed these data that came from interviews and authorities were right. The main result is: If we assumed that the degraded grassland of Maqu needs 10 years to be restored, and divided the restoring period into two stages, then the restoration cost was 0.85 × 108 RMB per year in former 4 years, 0.022 × 108 RMB per year in latter 6 years. The total cost of Maqu grassland restoration was 3.62 × 108 RMB. For all the costs of restoration, WTA occupied 94% and WTP only occupied 6%, suggesting that local grassland degradation was mainly caused by overgrazing and that the overloading livestock must be eliminated in order to achieve restoration successfully. Our research also showed that combining WTP and WTA in contingent valuation is very useful in estimating the cost of environmental improvement projects. Of course, whether these results are right or not, further researches are needed in the future, especially for the actual number of livestock in Maqu grassland.展开更多
休耕制度是促进农业可持续发展、落实“藏粮于地”、推动乡村振兴战略的重要举措,研究休耕补偿标准对于完善休耕制度具有重要意义。通过2018年河北省衡水市330户农户的实地调研数据,运用双边界二分式意愿调查法,对地下水超采区休耕补偿...休耕制度是促进农业可持续发展、落实“藏粮于地”、推动乡村振兴战略的重要举措,研究休耕补偿标准对于完善休耕制度具有重要意义。通过2018年河北省衡水市330户农户的实地调研数据,运用双边界二分式意愿调查法,对地下水超采区休耕补偿标准及其影响因素进行了研究。研究结果表明:①农户具有较强的节水意识,对休耕政策的认知水平和接受程度都在逐步提升,对休耕政策的节水效果非常认可。休耕政策在“节水”和“养地”两大方面取得了较为显著的生态效益。②2015—2018年农户对休耕政策的受偿意愿整体呈下降趋势,跟农户对休耕政策的认知水平提升、接受程度提升以及近两年样本区域小麦产量有所下降等因素相关。③2018年农户对休耕政策的受偿意愿的估算结果为544.69元/667 m 2·a,略高于当前的补偿标准500元/667 m 2·a,说明现有的休耕补偿标准比较合理但略有偏低;略低于冬小麦的亩均纯收益,因为休耕政策能够解放部分农业劳动力和增加农户的闲暇时间,使得农户愿意接受低于冬小麦的单位平均纯收益的补偿标准。④农户的受偿意愿受到个体特征、家庭特征和认知特征的影响,主要包括年龄、受教育程度、健康状况、家庭耕地面积、家庭支出、节水培训、休耕认知和节水政策等因素。在综合考虑生态效益和粮食安全的情况下,在深层地下水严重超采区合理扩大休耕规模。为了改进地下水超采区休耕政策,应当加强对休耕政策的宣传,适当提高休耕的补偿标准,充分考虑农户异质性和尊重农户的参与意愿,可以“集中连片”但并非一定“整村推进”。展开更多
估算农地资源的非市场价值,将其纳入资源成本核算体系,不仅能够弥补市场机制作用不足给农地城市流转决策带来的影响,而且通过提高土地资源农业利用的比较效益,能够起到缓解农地流失的作用。运用条件价值评估法对武汉市不同类型农地的非...估算农地资源的非市场价值,将其纳入资源成本核算体系,不仅能够弥补市场机制作用不足给农地城市流转决策带来的影响,而且通过提高土地资源农业利用的比较效益,能够起到缓解农地流失的作用。运用条件价值评估法对武汉市不同类型农地的非市场价值进行估算,在对471份有效问卷进行统计分析后的研究表明:(1)随着农地保护意识的增强,武汉居民已经意识到农地资源非市场价值的存在,83.65%的受访居民对农地保护有正的支付意愿;(2)从居民参与农地保护的支付意愿(Willingness to pay,WTP)出发,全市居民每年保护农地的支付意愿总价值为30.0035×108元,折合单位hm2农地的非市场价值为116154元;(3)从农民作为农地保护执行主体参与农地保护、接受政府补偿(willingness to accept,WTA)的角度出发,农地非市场价值16447.57元/hm2,是目前国家鼓励农民种植粮食作物发放补贴(中稻225元/(hm.2a-1),折合无限年期价值4978元/hm2)的3.30倍;(4)从城市居民作为农地保护的间接受益者,假设城市周边农地被城市建设用地征收后带来环境损失,城市居民为接受征地计划、家庭每年愿意接受政府补偿(willingness to accept,WTA)的角度出发,平均每户家庭年均需要接受政府补偿8612元,按当前城市居民户数计算,全市城市居民每年对农地损失的受偿接受金额为109.5685×108元,折合单位hm2农地非市场价值42.42×104元。展开更多
非市场价值是农地资源价值中无法忽略的重要组成。估算农地资源的非市场价值,将其纳入农地资源的成本核算中,不仅能够弥补市场机制作用的不足给农地城市流转决策带来的影响,而且通过提高土地资源农业利用的比较效益,能够真正起到缓解农...非市场价值是农地资源价值中无法忽略的重要组成。估算农地资源的非市场价值,将其纳入农地资源的成本核算中,不仅能够弥补市场机制作用的不足给农地城市流转决策带来的影响,而且通过提高土地资源农业利用的比较效益,能够真正起到缓解农地流失的作用。文章运用条件价值评估法对武汉市农地资源的非市场价值进行估算,在对471份有效问卷进行统计分析后的研究表明:①随着农地保护意识的增强,武汉居民已经意识到农地资源非市场价值的存在;②从居民参与农地保护的支付意愿(Willingness to pay,WTP)出发,武汉居民每年保护农地资源的支付意愿为30.00×108元,折合单位农地资源的非市场价值11.62×104元/hm2;③从农民作为农地保护执行主体参与农地保护需要接受政府补偿(willingness to accept,WTA)的角度出发,农地资源的非市场价值为1.64×104元/hm2,是目前国家鼓励农民种植粮食作物发放补贴(中稻225/hm2元,折合无限年期价值4 978元)的3.30倍。展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Hebei Province (09276710D)Project of Hebei Academy of Sciences (10113,10927)Key Subject Construction of High Institutions in Hebei Province
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the willingness to accept compensation and compensation sharing of returning land for farming to forestry in Zhangjiakou and Chengde region.[Method] Based on the investigation of farmers’ willingness to accept ecological compensation in Zhangjiakou and Chengde region,farmers’ willingness to accept compensation was quantized,and the calculation model of sharing rate of ecological compensation was established,finally the sharing rate of ecological compensation was calculated choosing water supply quantity as reference.[Result] Farmers’ willingness to accept compensation in Zhangjiakou and Chengde region was 2 740.5 yuan/(hm2·a),and returned farmland area was 429 700 hm2 in 2008,so the willingness to accept ecological compensation was up to 1.178 billion yuan/a.In addition,the ecological compensation sharing rate of government was 37.60% in Beijing,42.75% in Tianjing and 19.64% in Tangshan,and their ecological compensation funds were 443,504 and 231 million yuan,respectively.[Conclusion] The study could provide important foundation for the establishment of ecological compensation standard and implementation of ecological compensation in Zhangjiakou and Chengde region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Behavioral Experiment and Policy Research of Pig Farmers when Diseased Dead Pigs Entering the Market”[Grant number 71540008]the Key Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Experimental Assessment of Agricultural Producer Safety Production Policy and Its Combined Design:Taking the Treatment of Diseased Dead Pigs as an Example”[Grant number.71673115]+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities“Food Safety Risk Management Logic and Realistic Path Based on Big Data”[Grant number JUSRP1808ZD]the National College Student Innovation Training Program[Grant number 201810295025]the National Key R&D Program Funding Project[Grant number 2018YFC1603303]the National Key R&D Program Funding Project[Grant number 2018YFC1604000].
文摘Ecological compensation is widely considered a policy that encourages farmers to recycle livestock and poultry waste for economic and ecological benefits.Therefore,based on field data from 30 counties(districts)in six cities of Shandong Province,China,this study systematically analyzes farmers'willingness to accept compensation for livestock and poultry waste resource utilization as well as its determinants.It does so using the UTAUT theoretical analysis framework,as well as the contingent valuation method and Heckman two-stage selection model.The results show that,first,72.4%of the farmers in the sample are willing to accept a certain amount of compensation—the expected value of which is RMB 98.02 per month per household—as an incentive to utilize livestock waste.Second,the key determinants of farmers'willingness to accept compensation are marital status,family annual income,concurrent business,farming scale,economic performance expectation,social performance expectation,knowledge reserve,public relations,and technical convenience.Finally,the factors that affect farmers’willingness in terms of the compensation amount are gender,age,family annual income,social performance expectation,subjective norms,and public relations.Therefore,to promote the recycling of livestock and poultry waste,this study proposes policies that promote education and technology popularization in relation to livestock and poultry waste resource utilization,provide subsidies for waste recycling,and strengthen government control and social supervision over the non-standard disposal of such waste.
文摘The In most contingent valuation (CV) studies, WTP (Willingness to pay) and WTA (Willingness to accept) were often used separately, so protesting or no response or even babbling answers are increasing, and the debate persists over the reliability of CV in economic policy analysis. In order to improve the reliability of CV, WTP and WTA is used syn-chronously to estimate the restoration cost of Maqu grassland ecosystem. Data were partly from questionnaire survey, and partly from interviews and authorities. Before conclusions were derived, we assumed these data that came from interviews and authorities were right. The main result is: If we assumed that the degraded grassland of Maqu needs 10 years to be restored, and divided the restoring period into two stages, then the restoration cost was 0.85 × 108 RMB per year in former 4 years, 0.022 × 108 RMB per year in latter 6 years. The total cost of Maqu grassland restoration was 3.62 × 108 RMB. For all the costs of restoration, WTA occupied 94% and WTP only occupied 6%, suggesting that local grassland degradation was mainly caused by overgrazing and that the overloading livestock must be eliminated in order to achieve restoration successfully. Our research also showed that combining WTP and WTA in contingent valuation is very useful in estimating the cost of environmental improvement projects. Of course, whether these results are right or not, further researches are needed in the future, especially for the actual number of livestock in Maqu grassland.
文摘休耕制度是促进农业可持续发展、落实“藏粮于地”、推动乡村振兴战略的重要举措,研究休耕补偿标准对于完善休耕制度具有重要意义。通过2018年河北省衡水市330户农户的实地调研数据,运用双边界二分式意愿调查法,对地下水超采区休耕补偿标准及其影响因素进行了研究。研究结果表明:①农户具有较强的节水意识,对休耕政策的认知水平和接受程度都在逐步提升,对休耕政策的节水效果非常认可。休耕政策在“节水”和“养地”两大方面取得了较为显著的生态效益。②2015—2018年农户对休耕政策的受偿意愿整体呈下降趋势,跟农户对休耕政策的认知水平提升、接受程度提升以及近两年样本区域小麦产量有所下降等因素相关。③2018年农户对休耕政策的受偿意愿的估算结果为544.69元/667 m 2·a,略高于当前的补偿标准500元/667 m 2·a,说明现有的休耕补偿标准比较合理但略有偏低;略低于冬小麦的亩均纯收益,因为休耕政策能够解放部分农业劳动力和增加农户的闲暇时间,使得农户愿意接受低于冬小麦的单位平均纯收益的补偿标准。④农户的受偿意愿受到个体特征、家庭特征和认知特征的影响,主要包括年龄、受教育程度、健康状况、家庭耕地面积、家庭支出、节水培训、休耕认知和节水政策等因素。在综合考虑生态效益和粮食安全的情况下,在深层地下水严重超采区合理扩大休耕规模。为了改进地下水超采区休耕政策,应当加强对休耕政策的宣传,适当提高休耕的补偿标准,充分考虑农户异质性和尊重农户的参与意愿,可以“集中连片”但并非一定“整村推进”。
文摘估算农地资源的非市场价值,将其纳入资源成本核算体系,不仅能够弥补市场机制作用不足给农地城市流转决策带来的影响,而且通过提高土地资源农业利用的比较效益,能够起到缓解农地流失的作用。运用条件价值评估法对武汉市不同类型农地的非市场价值进行估算,在对471份有效问卷进行统计分析后的研究表明:(1)随着农地保护意识的增强,武汉居民已经意识到农地资源非市场价值的存在,83.65%的受访居民对农地保护有正的支付意愿;(2)从居民参与农地保护的支付意愿(Willingness to pay,WTP)出发,全市居民每年保护农地的支付意愿总价值为30.0035×108元,折合单位hm2农地的非市场价值为116154元;(3)从农民作为农地保护执行主体参与农地保护、接受政府补偿(willingness to accept,WTA)的角度出发,农地非市场价值16447.57元/hm2,是目前国家鼓励农民种植粮食作物发放补贴(中稻225元/(hm.2a-1),折合无限年期价值4978元/hm2)的3.30倍;(4)从城市居民作为农地保护的间接受益者,假设城市周边农地被城市建设用地征收后带来环境损失,城市居民为接受征地计划、家庭每年愿意接受政府补偿(willingness to accept,WTA)的角度出发,平均每户家庭年均需要接受政府补偿8612元,按当前城市居民户数计算,全市城市居民每年对农地损失的受偿接受金额为109.5685×108元,折合单位hm2农地非市场价值42.42×104元。
文摘非市场价值是农地资源价值中无法忽略的重要组成。估算农地资源的非市场价值,将其纳入农地资源的成本核算中,不仅能够弥补市场机制作用的不足给农地城市流转决策带来的影响,而且通过提高土地资源农业利用的比较效益,能够真正起到缓解农地流失的作用。文章运用条件价值评估法对武汉市农地资源的非市场价值进行估算,在对471份有效问卷进行统计分析后的研究表明:①随着农地保护意识的增强,武汉居民已经意识到农地资源非市场价值的存在;②从居民参与农地保护的支付意愿(Willingness to pay,WTP)出发,武汉居民每年保护农地资源的支付意愿为30.00×108元,折合单位农地资源的非市场价值11.62×104元/hm2;③从农民作为农地保护执行主体参与农地保护需要接受政府补偿(willingness to accept,WTA)的角度出发,农地资源的非市场价值为1.64×104元/hm2,是目前国家鼓励农民种植粮食作物发放补贴(中稻225/hm2元,折合无限年期价值4 978元)的3.30倍。
