Based on irreducible representations(or symmetry eigenvalues) and compatibility relations(CR), a material can be predicted to be a topological/trivial insulator(satisfying CR) or a topological semimetal(violating CR)....Based on irreducible representations(or symmetry eigenvalues) and compatibility relations(CR), a material can be predicted to be a topological/trivial insulator(satisfying CR) or a topological semimetal(violating CR). However, Weyl semimetals(WSMs) usually go beyond this symmetry-based strategy. In other words, Weyl nodes could emerge in a material, no matter if its occupied bands satisfy CR, or if the symmetry indicators are zero. In this work, we propose a new topological invariant v for the systems with S4 symmetry(i.e., the improper rotation S_(4)(≡IC_(4z)) is a proper fourfold rotation(C_(4z)) followed by inversion(I)), which can be used to diagnose the WSM phase. Moreover, v can be easily computed through the onedimensional Wilson-loop technique. By applying this method to the high-throughput screening in our first-principles calculations, we predict a lot of WSMs in both nonmagnetic and magnetic compounds.Various interesting properties(e.g., magnetic frustration effects, superconductivity and spin-glass order,etc.) are found in predicted WSMs, which provide realistic platforms for future experimental study of the interplay between Weyl fermions and other exotic states.展开更多
Due to the fundamental position of spin-orbit coupled ultracold atoms in the simulation of topological insulators, the gain/loss effects on these systems should be evaluated when considering the measurement or the cou...Due to the fundamental position of spin-orbit coupled ultracold atoms in the simulation of topological insulators, the gain/loss effects on these systems should be evaluated when considering the measurement or the coupling to the environment. Here, incorporating the mature gain/loss techniques into the experimentally realized spin-orbit coupled ultracold atoms in two-dimensional optical lattices, we investigate the corresponding non-Hermitian tight-binding model and evaluate the gain/loss effects on various properties of the system, revealing the interplay of the non-Hermiticity and the spin-orbit coupling. Under periodic boundary conditions, we analytically obtain the topological phase diagram, which undergoes a non-Hermitian gapless interval instead of a point that the Hermitian counterpart encounters for a topological phase transition. We also unveil that the band inversion is just a necessary but not sufficient condition for a topological phase in two-level spin-orbit coupled non-Hermitian systems. Because the nodal loops of the upper or lower two dressed bands of the Hermitian counterpart can be split into exceptional loops in this non-Hermitian model, a gauge-independent Wilson-loop method is developed for numerically calculating the Chern number of multiple degenerate complex bands. Under open boundary conditions, we find that the conventional bulk-boundary correspondence does not break down with only on-site gain/loss due to the lack of non-Hermitian skin effect, but the dissipation of chiral edge states depends on the boundary selection, which may be used in the control of edge-state dynamics. Given the technical accessibility of state-dependent atom loss, this model could be realized in current cold-atom experiments.展开更多
The main aspects of a gauge-invariant approach to the description of quark dynamics in the nonperturbative regime of quantum chromodynamics （QC, D） are first reviewed. The role of the parallel transport operation in...The main aspects of a gauge-invariant approach to the description of quark dynamics in the nonperturbative regime of quantum chromodynamics （QC, D） are first reviewed. The role of the parallel transport operation in constructing gauge-invariant Green＇s functions is then presented, and the relevance of Wilson loops for the representation of the interaction is emphmsized. Recent developments, based on the use of polygonal lines for the parallel transport operation, are presented. An integro-differential equation, obtained for the qua.rk Green＇s function defined with a phase factor along a single, straight line segment, is solved exactly and analytically in the case of two-dimensional QCD in the large-Nc, limit. The solution displays the dynamical mass generation phenomenon for quarks, with an infinite number of branch-cut singularities that are stronger than simple poles.展开更多
We investigate the exact results for circular 1/4 and 1/2 BPS Wilson loops in the d = 3 N = 4 super Chern-Simons-matter theory that could be obtained by orbifolding Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena （ABJM） theory. ...We investigate the exact results for circular 1/4 and 1/2 BPS Wilson loops in the d = 3 N = 4 super Chern-Simons-matter theory that could be obtained by orbifolding Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena （ABJM） theory. The partition function of the Af = 4 orbifold ABJM theory has been computed previously in the literature. In this paper, we re-derive it using a slightly different method. We calculate the vacuum expectation values of the circular 1/4 BPS Wilson loops in fundamental representation and of circular 1/2 BPS Wilson loops in arbitrary representations. We use both the saddle point approach and Fermi gas approach. The results for Wilson loops are in accord with the available gravity results.展开更多
In this paper, a minimal surface in q-deformed AdS5 × S5 with a cusp boundary is studied in detail. This minimal surface is dual to a cusped Wilson loop in dual field theory. We find that the area of the minimal ...In this paper, a minimal surface in q-deformed AdS5 × S5 with a cusp boundary is studied in detail. This minimal surface is dual to a cusped Wilson loop in dual field theory. We find that the area of the minimal surface has both logarithmic squared divergence and logarithmic divergence. The logarithmic squared divergence cannot be removed by either Legendre transformation or the usual geometric subtraction. We further make an analytic continuation to the Minkowski signature, taking the limit such that the two edges of the cusp become light-like, and extract the anomalous dimension from the coefficient of the logarithmic divergence. This anomalous dimension goes back smoothly to the results in the undeformed case when we take the limit that the deformation parameter goes to zero展开更多
Calculation of disconnected quark loops in lattice QCD is very time consuming.Stochastic noise methods are generally used to estimate these loops.However,stochastic estimation gives large errors in the calculations of...Calculation of disconnected quark loops in lattice QCD is very time consuming.Stochastic noise methods are generally used to estimate these loops.However,stochastic estimation gives large errors in the calculations of disconnected diagrams.We use the symmetric multi-probing source(SMP)method to estimate the disconnected quark loops,and compare the results with the Z(2)noise method and the spin-color explicit(SCE)method on a quenched lattice QCD ensemble with lattice volume 12^3×24 and lattice spacing a≈0.1 fm.The results show that the SMP method is very suitable for the calculation of pseudoscalar disconnected quark loops.However,the SMP and SCE methods do not have an obvious advantage over the Z(2)noise method in the evaluation of the scalar disconnected loops.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11974395,11674369, and 11925408)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS XDB33000000)+2 种基金the Center for Materials Genomesupport from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0300600, 2016YFA0302400, and 2018YFA0305700)the K. C. Wong Education Foundation (GJTD-2018-01)。
文摘Based on irreducible representations(or symmetry eigenvalues) and compatibility relations(CR), a material can be predicted to be a topological/trivial insulator(satisfying CR) or a topological semimetal(violating CR). However, Weyl semimetals(WSMs) usually go beyond this symmetry-based strategy. In other words, Weyl nodes could emerge in a material, no matter if its occupied bands satisfy CR, or if the symmetry indicators are zero. In this work, we propose a new topological invariant v for the systems with S4 symmetry(i.e., the improper rotation S_(4)(≡IC_(4z)) is a proper fourfold rotation(C_(4z)) followed by inversion(I)), which can be used to diagnose the WSM phase. Moreover, v can be easily computed through the onedimensional Wilson-loop technique. By applying this method to the high-throughput screening in our first-principles calculations, we predict a lot of WSMs in both nonmagnetic and magnetic compounds.Various interesting properties(e.g., magnetic frustration effects, superconductivity and spin-glass order,etc.) are found in predicted WSMs, which provide realistic platforms for future experimental study of the interplay between Weyl fermions and other exotic states.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11904109)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2019A1515111101)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(Grant No.2019050001)supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2019B030330001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12074180,and U1801661)。
文摘Due to the fundamental position of spin-orbit coupled ultracold atoms in the simulation of topological insulators, the gain/loss effects on these systems should be evaluated when considering the measurement or the coupling to the environment. Here, incorporating the mature gain/loss techniques into the experimentally realized spin-orbit coupled ultracold atoms in two-dimensional optical lattices, we investigate the corresponding non-Hermitian tight-binding model and evaluate the gain/loss effects on various properties of the system, revealing the interplay of the non-Hermiticity and the spin-orbit coupling. Under periodic boundary conditions, we analytically obtain the topological phase diagram, which undergoes a non-Hermitian gapless interval instead of a point that the Hermitian counterpart encounters for a topological phase transition. We also unveil that the band inversion is just a necessary but not sufficient condition for a topological phase in two-level spin-orbit coupled non-Hermitian systems. Because the nodal loops of the upper or lower two dressed bands of the Hermitian counterpart can be split into exceptional loops in this non-Hermitian model, a gauge-independent Wilson-loop method is developed for numerically calculating the Chern number of multiple degenerate complex bands. Under open boundary conditions, we find that the conventional bulk-boundary correspondence does not break down with only on-site gain/loss due to the lack of non-Hermitian skin effect, but the dissipation of chiral edge states depends on the boundary selection, which may be used in the control of edge-state dynamics. Given the technical accessibility of state-dependent atom loss, this model could be realized in current cold-atom experiments.
文摘The main aspects of a gauge-invariant approach to the description of quark dynamics in the nonperturbative regime of quantum chromodynamics （QC, D） are first reviewed. The role of the parallel transport operation in constructing gauge-invariant Green＇s functions is then presented, and the relevance of Wilson loops for the representation of the interaction is emphmsized. Recent developments, based on the use of polygonal lines for the parallel transport operation, are presented. An integro-differential equation, obtained for the qua.rk Green＇s function defined with a phase factor along a single, straight line segment, is solved exactly and analytically in the case of two-dimensional QCD in the large-Nc, limit. The solution displays the dynamical mass generation phenomenon for quarks, with an infinite number of branch-cut singularities that are stronger than simple poles.
基金Supported by NSFC(11222549,11575202)K.C.Wong Education FoundationYouth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2011016)
文摘We investigate the exact results for circular 1/4 and 1/2 BPS Wilson loops in the d = 3 N = 4 super Chern-Simons-matter theory that could be obtained by orbifolding Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena （ABJM） theory. The partition function of the Af = 4 orbifold ABJM theory has been computed previously in the literature. In this paper, we re-derive it using a slightly different method. We calculate the vacuum expectation values of the circular 1/4 BPS Wilson loops in fundamental representation and of circular 1/2 BPS Wilson loops in arbitrary representations. We use both the saddle point approach and Fermi gas approach. The results for Wilson loops are in accord with the available gravity results.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11105154,11222549,11275207)K.C.Wong Education Foundation and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS
文摘In this paper, a minimal surface in q-deformed AdS5 × S5 with a cusp boundary is studied in detail. This minimal surface is dual to a cusped Wilson loop in dual field theory. We find that the area of the minimal surface has both logarithmic squared divergence and logarithmic divergence. The logarithmic squared divergence cannot be removed by either Legendre transformation or the usual geometric subtraction. We further make an analytic continuation to the Minkowski signature, taking the limit such that the two edges of the cusp become light-like, and extract the anomalous dimension from the coefficient of the logarithmic divergence. This anomalous dimension goes back smoothly to the results in the undeformed case when we take the limit that the deformation parameter goes to zero
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(11335001)
文摘Calculation of disconnected quark loops in lattice QCD is very time consuming.Stochastic noise methods are generally used to estimate these loops.However,stochastic estimation gives large errors in the calculations of disconnected diagrams.We use the symmetric multi-probing source(SMP)method to estimate the disconnected quark loops,and compare the results with the Z(2)noise method and the spin-color explicit(SCE)method on a quenched lattice QCD ensemble with lattice volume 12^3×24 and lattice spacing a≈0.1 fm.The results show that the SMP method is very suitable for the calculation of pseudoscalar disconnected quark loops.However,the SMP and SCE methods do not have an obvious advantage over the Z(2)noise method in the evaluation of the scalar disconnected loops.
