Windowing and Gapping in Imperative Sentences: on the Basis of Talmy's"Causal-chain Windowing"Approach

This paper intends to analyze the six types of English imperative sentences proposed by Chen (1984) from a perspective of causal-chain windowing. It comes to the conclusions that Talmy's causal-chain windowing approach as well as the cognitive underpinnings of causal windowing and gapping is proved to be applicable in English imperative structures, and that generally speaking, the final portion of an imperative sentence is always windowed while the intermediate portions gapped.

Research on Windowing Image Fusion

The speed and quality of the image fusion always restrain each other.The real-time image fusion is one of the problems which needs to be studied and solved urgently.The windowing processing technology for the image fusion proposed in this paper can solve this problem in a certain extent.The windowing rules were put forward and the applicable scope for the windowing fusion and the calculation method for the maximum windowing area were determined.And,the results of the windowing fusion were analyzed,verified and compared to confirm the feasibility of this technology.

Electrocardiogram Feature Extraction and Pattern Recognition Using a Novel Windowing Algorithm

This paper presents a Novel Windowing Algorithm for Electrocardiogram Feature Extraction and Pattern Recognition. The work presented here deals with a simple and efficient way of detecting ECG features that are P, Q, R, S and T waves. Windowing method is used to select these waves. Windows are based on varying R-R intervals. It has been tested on ECG simulator data and also on different records of the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, producing satisfactory results. ECG timing intervals are also required for monitoring the cardiac condition of patients. Hence after feature detections ECG timing intervals like the PR interval, QRS duration, the QT interval, the QT corrected interval and Vent Rate are efficiently calculated using proposed Formulae.

Windowing Techniques, the Welch Method for Improvement of Power Spectrum Estimation

This paper revisits the characteristics of windowing techniques with various window functions involved,and successively investigates spectral leakage mitigation utilizing the Welch method.The discrete Fourier transform(DFT)is ubiquitous in digital signal processing(DSP)for the spectrum analysis and can be efciently realized by the fast Fourier transform(FFT).The sampling signal will result in distortion and thus may cause unpredictable spectral leakage in discrete spectrum when the DFT is employed.Windowing is implemented by multiplying the input signal with a window function and windowing amplitude modulates the input signal so that the spectral leakage is evened out.Therefore,windowing processing reduces the amplitude of the samples at the beginning and end of the window.In addition to selecting appropriate window functions,a pretreatment method,such as the Welch method,is effective to mitigate the spectral leakage.Due to the noise caused by imperfect,nite data,the noise reduction from Welch’s method is a desired treatment.The nonparametric Welch method is an improvement on the periodogram spectrum estimation method where the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)is high and mitigates noise in the estimated power spectra in exchange for frequency resolution reduction.The periodogram technique based on Welch method is capable of providing good resolution if data length samples are appropriately selected.The design of nite impulse response(FIR)digital lter using the window technique is rstly addressed.The inuence of various window functions on the Fourier transform spectrum of the signals is discussed.Comparison on spectral resolution based on the traditional power spectrum estimation and various window-function-based Welch power spectrum estimations is presented.

Drift DetectionMethod Using DistanceMeasures and Windowing Schemes for Sentiment Classification

Textual data streams have been extensively used in practical applications where consumers of online products have expressed their views regarding online products.Due to changes in data distribution,commonly referred to as concept drift,mining this data stream is a challenging problem for researchers.The majority of the existing drift detection techniques are based on classification errors,which have higher probabilities of false-positive or missed detections.To improve classification accuracy,there is a need to develop more intuitive detection techniques that can identify a great number of drifts in the data streams.This paper presents an adaptive unsupervised learning technique,an ensemble classifier based on drift detection for opinion mining and sentiment classification.To improve classification performance,this approach uses four different dissimilarity measures to determine the degree of concept drifts in the data stream.Whenever a drift is detected,the proposed method builds and adds a new classifier to the ensemble.To add a new classifier,the total number of classifiers in the ensemble is first checked if the limit is exceeded before the classifier with the least weight is removed from the ensemble.To this end,a weighting mechanism is used to calculate the weight of each classifier,which decides the contribution of each classifier in the final classification results.Several experiments were conducted on real-world datasets and the resultswere evaluated on the false positive rate,miss detection rate,and accuracy measures.The proposed method is also compared with the state-of-the-art methods,which include DDM,EDDM,and PageHinkley with support vector machine(SVM)and Naive Bayes classifiers that are frequently used in concept drift detection studies.In all cases,the results show the efficiency of our proposed method.

Windowing Waveform Relaxation of Initial Value Problems

We present a windowing technique of waveform relaxation for dynamic systems. An effective estimation on window length is derived by an iterative error expression provided here. Relaxation processes can be speeded up if one takes the windowing technique in advance. Numerical experiments are given to further illustrate the theoretical analysis.

基于Windows API的嵌入式产品数据分析系统设计

Windows API为嵌入式产品的数据分析提供了一种很好的实现方式,适合不复杂的应用工况。提出一种基于Windows API的嵌入式产品数据分析系统的设计方案,使用Windows API的高级控件列表视图,对嵌入式产品中所存储的数据进行解析和显示,依据数据存储的特点,在列表视图中进行分页设计。经验证,该方案的解析逻辑准确,显示内容无误,利用Windows的运行机制极大地提高了软件的兼容性、便利性和可用性。

基于五轴转台的实时控制软件开发及实时性分析

1背景在现代军事和工业的各个领域中,仿真系统的应用越来越广泛。五轴转台的半实物仿真系统通过模拟实际情况的相关力学特征,为武器系统的研发和改进提供详实的数据资料。这种技术的应用不仅加快了新型武器的研制进度,还优化了系统设计,提高了武器系统的性能。本文针对五轴转台的半实物仿真系统在Windows系统环境下设计开发了一款实时控制软件。Windows系统为分时抢占式多任务系统,系统中运行的应用程序没有优先级概念,程序进程的执行很容易被其他进程打断。因此本文采用Windows+RTX的系统环境,RTX是Windows平台纯软件硬实时扩展子系统,能够与Windows系统完美融合,继承了Windows高效的内存管理机制、通用资源以及大量API,其进程运行时只消耗250KB内存,且不受Windows系统干扰,与其完全隔离,这样既保证了系统的实时性,又不会增加系统开发难度和影响系统软件适用性。

A Novel OFDM Receiver with Optimum Second Order Polynomial Nyquist Windowing

This paper proposes a new receive scheme and a class of time domain second order polynomial Nyquist window functions, and applies them to Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing （ OFDM ） systems in order to reduce Inter-Carrier Interference （ICI） induced by frequency offset. This paper also analyzes the Signal to ICI plus Noise Ratio （SINR） and Bit Error Rate （BER） performances of the receiver. Additionally, this paper proposes a method to select optimum window parameters to maximize the SINR of the receiver thus providing an adaptive receiving capability. Our results show that the proposed method enables the use of unity roll-off factor, provides better SINR and BER than conventional receive methods whose roll-off factors are generally less than one. The new second order polynomial window is shown to provide better performance than raised cosine and ＂better than ＂ Nyquist window.

通过交叉验证堆栈和VAD信息检测Windows代码注入

Windows 32/64位代码注入攻击是恶意软件常用的攻击技术,在内存取证领域,现存的代码注入攻击检测技术在验证完整性方面不能处理动态内容,并且在解析内存中数据结构方面无法兼容不同版本的Windows系统。因此提出了通过交叉验证进程堆栈和VAD信息定位注入代码方法,将基于遍历栈帧得到的函数返回地址、模块名等信息结合进程VAD结构来检测函数返回地址、匹配文件名以定位注入代码,并且研发了基于Volatility取证框架的Windows代码注入攻击检测插件codefind。测试结果表明,即使在VAD节点被恶意软件修改,方法仍能够有效定位Windows 32/64位注入代码攻击。

加强软件供应链安全实践,提升关键信息基础设施韧性——“微软蓝屏”事件的软件供应链安全启示

关键信息基础设施是经济社会运行的神经中枢,保障关键信息基础设施的安全对于维护国家安全和社会公共利益具有重大意义。2024年7月19日,美国网络安全公司“众击”(Crowd Strike)的软件更新错误引发大规模的微软Windows系统蓝屏,直接导致全球范围的航空、金融、医疗等重要行业领域关键信息基础设施中断运行。本文立足供应链安全视角,对“微软蓝屏”事件的成因及影响开展分析,剖析事件相关方在软件供应链上下游的不足。

警惕0day漏洞攻击的高发时刻

7月CrowdStrike安全软件推送了一个错误的更新,导致全球大约850万台Windows系统发生了蓝屏死机,全球许多行业的设备均受到了影响。这是迄今为止由安全软件自身造成的最大规模安全事件。不过,由于国内对CrowdStrike软件的使用不多,本次事件对国内各行业的影响较小。

Trend of Developing Aqueous Liquid and Gel Electrolytes for Sustainable,Safe,and High‑Performance Li‑Ion Batteries

Current lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)rely on organic liquid electrolytes that pose significant risks due to their flammability and toxicity.The potential for environmental pollution and explosions resulting from battery damage or fracture is a critical concern.Water-based(aqueous)electrolytes have been receiving attention as an alternative to organic electrolytes.However,a narrow electrochemicalstability window,water decomposition,and the consequent low battery operating voltage and energy density hinder the practical use of aqueous electrolytes.Therefore,developing novel aqueous electrolytes for sustainable,safe,high-performance LIBs remains challenging.This Review first commences by summarizing the roles and requirements of electrolytes–separators and then delineates the progression of aqueous electrolytes for LIBs,encompassing aqueous liquid and gel electrolyte development trends along with detailed principles of the electrolytes.These aqueous electrolytes are progressed based on strategies using superconcentrated salts,concentrated diluents,polymer additives,polymer networks,and artificial passivation layers,which are used for suppressing water decomposition and widening the electrochemical stability window of water of the electrolytes.In addition,this Review discusses potential strategies for the implementation of aqueous Li-metal batteries with improved electrolyte–electrode interfaces.A comprehensive understanding of each strategy in the aqueous system will assist in the design of an aqueous electrolyte and the development of sustainable and safe high-performance batteries.

An improved particle filter indoor fusion positioning approach based on Wi-Fi/PDR/geomagnetic field

The existing indoor fusion positioning methods based on Pedestrian Dead Reckoning(PDR)and geomagnetic technology have the problems of large initial position error,low sensor accuracy,and geomagnetic mismatch.In this study,a novel indoor fusion positioning approach based on the improved particle filter algorithm by geomagnetic iterative matching is proposed,where Wi-Fi,PDR,and geomagnetic signals are integrated to improve indoor positioning performances.One important contribution is that geomagnetic iterative matching is firstly proposed based on the particle filter algorithm.During the positioning process,an iterative window and a constraint window are introduced to limit the particle generation range and the geomagnetic matching range respectively.The position is corrected several times based on geomagnetic iterative matching in the location correction stage when the pedestrian movement is detected,which made up for the shortage of only one time of geomagnetic correction in the existing particle filter algorithm.In addition,this study also proposes a real-time step detection algorithm based on multi-threshold constraints to judge whether pedestrians are moving,which satisfies the real-time requirement of our fusion positioning approach.Through experimental verification,the average positioning accuracy of the proposed approach reaches 1.59 m,which improves 33.2%compared with the existing particle filter fusion positioning algorithms.

Asymmetric Electrolytes Design for Aqueous Multivalent Metal Ion Batteries

With the rapid development of portable electronics and electric road vehicles,high-energy-density batteries have been becoming front-burner issues.Traditionally,homogeneous electrolyte cannot simultaneously meet diametrically opposed demands of high-potential cathode and low-potential anode,which are essential for high-voltage batteries.Meanwhile,homogeneous electrolyte is difficult to achieve bi-or multi-functions to meet different requirements of electrodes.In comparison,the asymmetric electrolyte with bi-or multi-layer disparate components can satisfy distinct requirements by playing different roles of each electrolyte layer and meanwhile compensates weakness of individual electrolyte.Consequently,the asymmetric electrolyte can not only suppress by-product sedimentation and continuous electrolyte decomposition at the anode while preserving active substances at the cathode for high-voltage batteries with long cyclic lifespan.In this review,we comprehensively divide asymmetric electrolytes into three categories:decoupled liquid-state electrolytes,bi-phase solid/liquid electrolytes and decoupled asymmetric solid-state electrolytes.The design principles,reaction mechanism and mutual compatibility are also studied,respectively.Finally,we provide a comprehensive vision for the simplification of structure to reduce costs and increase device energy density,and the optimization of solvation structure at anolyte/catholyte interface to realize fast ion transport kinetics.

Bimetallic In_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)O_(3) Catalysts Enable Highly Selective CO_(2) Electroreduction to Formate within Ultra-Broad Potential Windows

CO_(2)electrochemical reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to formate is a hopeful pathway for reducing CO_(2)and producing high-value chemicals,which needs highly selective catalysts with ultra-broad potential windows to meet the industrial demands.Herein,the nanorod-like bimetallic ln_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)O_(3)catalysts were successfully synthesized by pyrolysis of bimetallic InBi-MOF precursors.The abundant oxygen vacancies generated from the lattice mismatch of Bi_(2)O_(3)and ln_(2)O_(3)reduced the activation energy of CO_(2)to*CO_(2)·^(-)and improved the selectivity of*CO_(2)·^(-)to formate simultaneously.Meanwhile,the carbon skeleton derived from the pyrolysis of organic framework of InBi-MOF provided a conductive network to accelerate the electrons transmission.The catalyst exhibited an ultra-broad applied potential window of 1200 mV(from-0.4 to-1.6 V vs RHE),relativistic high Faradaic efficiency of formate(99.92%)and satisfactory stability after 30 h.The in situ FT-IR experiment and DFT calculation verified that the abundant oxygen vacancies on the surface of catalysts can easily absorb CO_(2)molecules,and oxygen vacancy path is dominant pathway.This work provides a convenient method to construct high-performance bimetallic catalysts for the industrial application of CO_(2)RR.

基于Windows Server Failover Cluster的Apache故障转移集群应用实践

在当前互联网时代,Web应用程序的高可用性和可靠性是确保业务持续运行的关键因素。针对Apache Web服务器,介绍了利用Windows Server 2019 Failover Cluster构建Apache故障转移集群的实践方案。通过配置两个节点的故障转移集群,当某个节点发生故障时,Apache服务将自动在另一个节点上重新启动,从而最大程度地减少系统中断的时间,提高Web应用的可用性。详细阐述了集群搭建的具体步骤、配置要点、集群验证方法以及运行时的监控与维护方法,为构建高可用Apache Web服务器提供一种实用的解决方案。

Active and passive modulation of solar light transmittance in a uniquely multifunctional dual-band single molecule for smart window applications

Functional materials may change color by heat and electricity separately or simultaneously in smart windows.These materials have not only demonstrated remarkable potential in the modulation of solar radiation but are also leading to the development of indoor environments that are more comfortable and conducive to improving individuals'quality of life.Unfortunately,dual-responsive materials have not received ample research attention due to economic and technological challenges.As a consequence,the broader utilization of smart windows faces hindrances.To address this new generational multistimulus responsive chromic materials,our group has adopted a developmental strategy to create a poly(NIPAM)n-HV as a switchable material by anchoring active viologen(HV)onto a phase-changing poly(NIPAM)n-based smart material for better utility and activity.These constructed smart windows facilitate individualistic reversible switching,from a highly transparent state to an opaque state(thermochromic)and a red state(electrochromic),as well as facilitate a simultaneous dual-stimuli response reversible switching from a clear transparent state to a fully opaque(thermochromic)and orange(electrochromic)states.Absolute privacy can be attained in smart windows designed for exclusive settings by achieving zero transmittance.Each unique chromic mode operates independently and modulates visible and near-infrared(NIR)light in a distinct manner.Hence,these smart windows with thermal and electric dual-stimuli responsiveness demonstrate remarkable heat regulation capabilities,rendering them highly attractive for applications in building facades,energy harvesting,privacy protection,and color display.

Research status and challenges in the manufacturing of IR conformal optics

The infrared conformal window is one of the most critical components in aircraft.Conformal windows with high performance bring low aberrations,high aerodynamic performance,reliability in extreme working environments,and added value for aircraft.Through the past decades,remarkable advances have been achieved in manufacturing technologies for conformal windows,where the machining accuracy approaches the nanometer level,and the surface form becomes more complex.These advances are critical to aircraft development,and these manufacturing technologies also have significant reference values for other directions of the ultra-precision machining field.In this review,the infrared materials suitable for manufacturing conformal windows are introduced and compared with insights into their performances.The remarkable advances and concrete work accomplished by researchers are reviewed.The challenges in manufacturing conformal windows that should be faced in the future are discussed.

Strong Interaction Between Redox Mediators and Defect-Rich Carbons Enabling Simultaneously Boosted Voltage Windows and Capacitance for Aqueous Supercapacitors

Energy density,the Achilles’heel of aqueous supercapacitors,is simultaneously determined by the voltage window and specific capacitance of the carbon materials,but the strategy of synchronously boosting them has rarely been reported.Herein,we demonstrate that the rational utilization of the interaction between redox mediators(RMs)and carbon electrode materials,especially those with rich intrinsic defects,contributes to extended potential windows and more stored charges concurrently.Using 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl(4OH-TEMPO)and intrinsic defect-rich carbons as the RMs and electrode materials,respectively,the potential window and capacitance are increased by 67%and sixfold in a neutral electrolyte.Moreover,this strategy could also be applied to alkaline and acid electrolytes.The first-principle calculation and experimental results demonstrate that the strong interaction between 4OH-TEMPO and defectrich carbons plays a key role as preferential adsorbed RMs may largely prohibit the contact of free water molecules with the electrode materials to terminate the water splitting at elevated potentials.For the RMs offering weaker interaction with the electrode materials,the water splitting still proceeds with a thus sole increase of the stored charges.The results discovered in this work could provide an alternative solution to address the low energy density of aqueous supercapacitors.