BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha(HNF4α)that belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily,is overexpressed in GC ...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha(HNF4α)that belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily,is overexpressed in GC tissues,and might be involved in the development of GC by regulating its downstream winglessrelated integration site(WNT)/β-catenin signaling.AIM To clarify the expression of HNF4α/WNT5a/β-catenin signaling proteins in clinical GC tissues.METHODS We immunohistochemically stained pathological blocks of GC and matched paracancerous tissues.The intensity of HNF4α,WNT5a andβ-catenin staining in the tumor cells was determined according to cell rates and staining intensity.The correlations between GC and HNF4α,WNT5a,andβ-catenin expression using chisquare and paired chi-square tests.Relationships between double-positive HNF4αand WNT5a expression and types of gastric tumor tissues were assessed using regression analysis.Correlations between HNF4αand WNT5a expression at the RNA level in GC tissues found in the TCGA database were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients.RESULTS We found more abundant HNF4αand WNT5a proteins in GC,especially in mucinous adenocarcinoma and mixed GC than in adjacent tissues(P<0.001).Low and high levels of cytoplasmicβ-catenin respectively expressed in GC and adjacent tissues(P<0.001)were not significantly associated with pathological parameters.CONCLUSION The expressions of HNF4αand WNT5a could serve as early diagnostic biomarkers for GC.展开更多
A steam power plant can work as a dual purpose plant for simultaneous production of steam and elec-trical power. In this paper we seek the optimum integration of a steam power plant as a source and a site utility sys-...A steam power plant can work as a dual purpose plant for simultaneous production of steam and elec-trical power. In this paper we seek the optimum integration of a steam power plant as a source and a site utility sys-tem as a sink of steam and power. Estimation for the cogeneration potential prior to the design of a central utility system for site utility systems is vital to the targets for site fuel demand as well as heat and power production. In this regard, a new cogeneration targeting procedure is proposed for integration of a steam power plant and a site utility consisting of a process plant. The new methodology seeks the optimal integration based on a new cogenera-tion targeting scheme. In addition, a modified site utility grand composite curve(SUGCC) diagram is proposed and compared to the original SUGCC. A gas fired steam power plant and a process site utility is considered in a case study. The applicability of the developed procedure is tested against other design methods(STAR? and Thermoflex software) through a case study. The proposed method gives comparable results, and the targeting method is used for optimal integration of steam levels. Identifying optimal conditions of steam levels for integration is important in the design of utility systems, as the selection of steam levels in a steam power plant and site utility for integration greatly influences the potential for cogeneration and energy recovery. The integration of steam levels of the steam power plant and the site utility system in the case study demonstrates the usefulness of the method for reducing the overall energy consumption for the site.展开更多
Global Positioning System(GPS)measurements of integrated water vapor(IWV)for two years(2014 and 2015)are presented in this paper.Variation of IWV during active and break spells of Indian summer monsoon has been studie...Global Positioning System(GPS)measurements of integrated water vapor(IWV)for two years(2014 and 2015)are presented in this paper.Variation of IWV during active and break spells of Indian summer monsoon has been studied for a tropical station Hyderabad(17.4°N,78.46°E).The data is validated with ECMWF Re-Analysis(ERA)91 level data.Relationships of IWV with other atmospheric variables like surface temperature,rain,and precipitation efficiency have been established through cross-correlation studies.A positive correlation coefficient is observed between IWV and surface temperature over two years.But the coefficient becomes negative when only summer monsoon months(June,July,August,and September)are considered.Rainfall during these months cools down the surface and could be the reason for this change in the correlation coefficient.Correlation studies between IWV-precipitation,IWVprecipitation efficiency(P.E),and precipitation-P.E show that coefficients are-0.05,-0.10 and 0.983 with 95%confidence level respectively,which proves that the efficacy of rain does not depend only on the level of water vapor.A proper dynamic mechanism is necessary to convert water vapor into the rain.The diurnal variations of IWV during active and break spells have been analyzed.The amplitudes of diurnal oscillation and its harmonics of individual spell do not show clear trends but the mean amplitudes of the break spells are approximately double than those of the active spells.The amplitudes of diurnal,semidiurnal and ter-diurnal components during break spells are 1.08 kg/m^(2),0.52 kg/m;and 0.34 kg/m;respectively.The corresponding amplitudes during active spells are 0.68 kg/m^(2),0.41 kg/m;and 0.23 kg/m;.展开更多
This paper discusses some aspects of interdisciplinary problems of industrial automation curriculum in Virumaa College of Tallinn University of Technology at engineering level. The problems being faced by engineers ar...This paper discusses some aspects of interdisciplinary problems of industrial automation curriculum in Virumaa College of Tallinn University of Technology at engineering level. The problems being faced by engineers are increasingly interdisciplinary and complicated because the development of new products and processes depends upon the integration of many different technologies. Expansion of possibilities of already existing fieldbus systems is carried out by means of integration them into Profinet （PROcess Field NET） communications. The lab set-model of vertical integration-for data gathering from smart Profibus PA sensor, data transmission, controllers configuration for Profinet IO direct interfacing of distributed field devices on the Ethernet is discussed in this paper.展开更多
The discovery of Yin Xu has turned the history of the Shang Dynasty into credible history,continuing the trend of integrating civilizations from all directions for over a thousand years,and initiating a pattern of con...The discovery of Yin Xu has turned the history of the Shang Dynasty into credible history,continuing the trend of integrating civilizations from all directions for over a thousand years,and initiating a pattern of continuous,diversified,and unified civilization for more than three thousand years.With the Yin Xu Site as the fulcrum,it constructs the spatialtemporal system of Xia-Shang archaeology and culture.展开更多
Skeletal muscles are essential for locomotion,posture,and metabolic regulation.To understand physiological processes,exercise adaptation,and muscle-related disorders,it is critical to understand the molecular pathways...Skeletal muscles are essential for locomotion,posture,and metabolic regulation.To understand physiological processes,exercise adaptation,and muscle-related disorders,it is critical to understand the molecular pathways that underlie skeletal muscle function.The process of muscle contra ction,orchestrated by a complex interplay of molecular events,is at the core of skeletal muscle function.Muscle contraction is initiated by an action potential and neuromuscular transmission requiring a neuromuscular junction.Within muscle fibers,calcium ions play a critical role in mediating the interaction between actin and myosin filaments that generate force.Regulation of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in excitation-contraction coupling.The development and growth of skeletal muscle are regulated by a network of molecular pathways collectively known as myogenesis.Myogenic regulators coordinate the diffe rentiation of myoblasts into mature muscle fibers.Signaling pathways regulate muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy in response to mechanical stimuli and nutrient availability.Seve ral muscle-related diseases,including congenital myasthenic disorders,sarcopenia,muscular dystrophies,and metabolic myopathies,are underpinned by dys regulated molecular pathways in skeletal muscle.Therapeutic interventions aimed at preserving muscle mass and function,enhancing regeneration,and improving metabolic health hold promise by targeting specific molecular pathways.Other molecular signaling pathways in skeletal muscle include the canonical Wnt signaling pathway,a critical regulator of myogenesis,muscle regeneration,and metabolic function,and the Hippo signaling pathway.In recent years,more details have been uncovered about the role of these two pathways during myogenesis and in developing and adult skeletal muscle fibers,and at the neuromuscular junction.In fact,research in the last few years now suggests that these two signaling pathways are interconnected and that they jointly control physiological and pathophysiological processes in muscle fibers.In this review,we will summarize and discuss the data on these two pathways,focusing on their concerted action next to their contribution to skeletal muscle biology.However,an in-depth discussion of the noncanonical Wnt pathway,the fibro/a dipogenic precursors,or the mechanosensory aspects of these pathways is not the focus of this review.展开更多
Modern buildings and blocks in open port city, which are an essential part of the urban context, possess unspoken values of material properties and cultural resources for the urban future. According to the investigati...Modern buildings and blocks in open port city, which are an essential part of the urban context, possess unspoken values of material properties and cultural resources for the urban future. According to the investigation of Taiyanggou Block and Lvshun Industrial School Site in Lvshun (China), this paper aims to discuss the understanding and conservation of modern heritage. Firstly, it interprets the opening of modern Lvshun and the formation of Taiyanggou Block to provide the fundamental knowledge. After a brief introduction of Lvshun Industrial School Site, the paper analyzes the problems in conservation practice and proposes countermeasures on heritage management and reuse strategy. Finally, it indicates that to conserve modern heritage means to preserve and to enhance their integrated values of space and culture in the framework of local development.展开更多
The number of traditionally excellent coastal lithologic nuclear power plants is limited.It is a trend to develop nuclear power plants on soil sites in inland areas.Therefore,the seismic safety and adaptability of non...The number of traditionally excellent coastal lithologic nuclear power plants is limited.It is a trend to develop nuclear power plants on soil sites in inland areas.Therefore,the seismic safety and adaptability of non-rock nuclear power plant(NPP)sites are the key concerns of nuclear safety researchers.Although the five site categories are clearly defined in the AP1000 design control documents,the effects of nuclear power five site conditions and soil nonlinearity on the seismic response characteristics of nuclear island buildings have not been systematically considered in previous related studies.In this study,targeting the AP1000 nuclear island structure as the research object,three-dimensional finite element models of a nuclear island structure at five types of sites(firm rock site(FR),soft rock site(SR),soft-to-medium soil site(SMS),upper bound soft-to-medium site(SMS-UB),and soft soil site(SS))are established.The partitioned analysis method of soil-structure interaction(PASSI)in the time-domain is used to investigate the effects of site hardness and nonlinearity on the acceleration,displacement,and acceleration response spectrum of the nuclear island structure under seismic excitation.The incremental equilibrium equation and explicit decoupling method are used to analyze the soil nonlinearity described by the Davidenkov model with simplified loading-reloading rules.The results show that,in the linear case,with the increase of site hardness,the peak ground acceleration(PGA)and the peak of acceleration response spectrum of the nuclear island structure increase except for the FR site,while the maximum displacement decreases.In nonlinear analysis,as the site hardness increases,the PGA,maximum displacement,and the peak of acceleration response spectrum of the nuclear island structure increase.The peak value of the acceleration response spectrum in the nonlinear case is greater than that in the linear case for FR,while smaller for SR and soil sites.The site nonlinearity reduces the peak values of the response spectrum for SR and soil sites much more as the site hardness decreases.The results of this study can provide a reference for design of nuclear island structures on soil and rock sites.展开更多
This paper proposed the explicit generalized-a time scheme and periodic boundary conditions in the material point method(MPM)for the simulation of coseismic site response.The proposed boundary condition uses an intuit...This paper proposed the explicit generalized-a time scheme and periodic boundary conditions in the material point method(MPM)for the simulation of coseismic site response.The proposed boundary condition uses an intuitive particle-relocation algorithm ensuring material points always remain within the computational mesh.The explicit generalized-a time scheme was implemented in MPM to enable the damping of spurious high frequency oscillations.Firstly,the MPM was verified against finite element method(FEM).Secondly,ability of the MPM in capturing the analytical transfer function was investigated.Thirdly,a symmetric embankment was adopted to investigate the effects of ground motion arias intensity(I_(a)),geometry dimensions,and constitutive models.The results show that the larger the model size,the higher the crest runout and settlement for the same ground motion.When using a Mohr-Coulomb model,the crest runout increases with increasing I_(a).However,if the strain-softening law is activated,the results are less influenced by the ground motion.Finally,the MPM results were compared with the Newmark sliding block solution.The simplified analysis herein highlights the capabilities of MPM to capture the full deformation process for earthquake engineering applications,the importance of geometry characterization,and the selection of appropriate constitutive models when simulating coseismic site response and subsequent large deformations.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81673757.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha(HNF4α)that belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily,is overexpressed in GC tissues,and might be involved in the development of GC by regulating its downstream winglessrelated integration site(WNT)/β-catenin signaling.AIM To clarify the expression of HNF4α/WNT5a/β-catenin signaling proteins in clinical GC tissues.METHODS We immunohistochemically stained pathological blocks of GC and matched paracancerous tissues.The intensity of HNF4α,WNT5a andβ-catenin staining in the tumor cells was determined according to cell rates and staining intensity.The correlations between GC and HNF4α,WNT5a,andβ-catenin expression using chisquare and paired chi-square tests.Relationships between double-positive HNF4αand WNT5a expression and types of gastric tumor tissues were assessed using regression analysis.Correlations between HNF4αand WNT5a expression at the RNA level in GC tissues found in the TCGA database were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients.RESULTS We found more abundant HNF4αand WNT5a proteins in GC,especially in mucinous adenocarcinoma and mixed GC than in adjacent tissues(P<0.001).Low and high levels of cytoplasmicβ-catenin respectively expressed in GC and adjacent tissues(P<0.001)were not significantly associated with pathological parameters.CONCLUSION The expressions of HNF4αand WNT5a could serve as early diagnostic biomarkers for GC.
文摘A steam power plant can work as a dual purpose plant for simultaneous production of steam and elec-trical power. In this paper we seek the optimum integration of a steam power plant as a source and a site utility sys-tem as a sink of steam and power. Estimation for the cogeneration potential prior to the design of a central utility system for site utility systems is vital to the targets for site fuel demand as well as heat and power production. In this regard, a new cogeneration targeting procedure is proposed for integration of a steam power plant and a site utility consisting of a process plant. The new methodology seeks the optimal integration based on a new cogenera-tion targeting scheme. In addition, a modified site utility grand composite curve(SUGCC) diagram is proposed and compared to the original SUGCC. A gas fired steam power plant and a process site utility is considered in a case study. The applicability of the developed procedure is tested against other design methods(STAR? and Thermoflex software) through a case study. The proposed method gives comparable results, and the targeting method is used for optimal integration of steam levels. Identifying optimal conditions of steam levels for integration is important in the design of utility systems, as the selection of steam levels in a steam power plant and site utility for integration greatly influences the potential for cogeneration and energy recovery. The integration of steam levels of the steam power plant and the site utility system in the case study demonstrates the usefulness of the method for reducing the overall energy consumption for the site.
基金research fellowship offered by ISRO under RESPOND program[No.ISRO/RES/2/406/16-17]。
文摘Global Positioning System(GPS)measurements of integrated water vapor(IWV)for two years(2014 and 2015)are presented in this paper.Variation of IWV during active and break spells of Indian summer monsoon has been studied for a tropical station Hyderabad(17.4°N,78.46°E).The data is validated with ECMWF Re-Analysis(ERA)91 level data.Relationships of IWV with other atmospheric variables like surface temperature,rain,and precipitation efficiency have been established through cross-correlation studies.A positive correlation coefficient is observed between IWV and surface temperature over two years.But the coefficient becomes negative when only summer monsoon months(June,July,August,and September)are considered.Rainfall during these months cools down the surface and could be the reason for this change in the correlation coefficient.Correlation studies between IWV-precipitation,IWVprecipitation efficiency(P.E),and precipitation-P.E show that coefficients are-0.05,-0.10 and 0.983 with 95%confidence level respectively,which proves that the efficacy of rain does not depend only on the level of water vapor.A proper dynamic mechanism is necessary to convert water vapor into the rain.The diurnal variations of IWV during active and break spells have been analyzed.The amplitudes of diurnal oscillation and its harmonics of individual spell do not show clear trends but the mean amplitudes of the break spells are approximately double than those of the active spells.The amplitudes of diurnal,semidiurnal and ter-diurnal components during break spells are 1.08 kg/m^(2),0.52 kg/m;and 0.34 kg/m;respectively.The corresponding amplitudes during active spells are 0.68 kg/m^(2),0.41 kg/m;and 0.23 kg/m;.
文摘This paper discusses some aspects of interdisciplinary problems of industrial automation curriculum in Virumaa College of Tallinn University of Technology at engineering level. The problems being faced by engineers are increasingly interdisciplinary and complicated because the development of new products and processes depends upon the integration of many different technologies. Expansion of possibilities of already existing fieldbus systems is carried out by means of integration them into Profinet （PROcess Field NET） communications. The lab set-model of vertical integration-for data gathering from smart Profibus PA sensor, data transmission, controllers configuration for Profinet IO direct interfacing of distributed field devices on the Ethernet is discussed in this paper.
文摘The discovery of Yin Xu has turned the history of the Shang Dynasty into credible history,continuing the trend of integrating civilizations from all directions for over a thousand years,and initiating a pattern of continuous,diversified,and unified civilization for more than three thousand years.With the Yin Xu Site as the fulcrum,it constructs the spatialtemporal system of Xia-Shang archaeology and culture.
基金supported by the German Research Council(Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,HA3309/3-1/2,HA3309/6-1,HA3309/7-1)。
文摘Skeletal muscles are essential for locomotion,posture,and metabolic regulation.To understand physiological processes,exercise adaptation,and muscle-related disorders,it is critical to understand the molecular pathways that underlie skeletal muscle function.The process of muscle contra ction,orchestrated by a complex interplay of molecular events,is at the core of skeletal muscle function.Muscle contraction is initiated by an action potential and neuromuscular transmission requiring a neuromuscular junction.Within muscle fibers,calcium ions play a critical role in mediating the interaction between actin and myosin filaments that generate force.Regulation of calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in excitation-contraction coupling.The development and growth of skeletal muscle are regulated by a network of molecular pathways collectively known as myogenesis.Myogenic regulators coordinate the diffe rentiation of myoblasts into mature muscle fibers.Signaling pathways regulate muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy in response to mechanical stimuli and nutrient availability.Seve ral muscle-related diseases,including congenital myasthenic disorders,sarcopenia,muscular dystrophies,and metabolic myopathies,are underpinned by dys regulated molecular pathways in skeletal muscle.Therapeutic interventions aimed at preserving muscle mass and function,enhancing regeneration,and improving metabolic health hold promise by targeting specific molecular pathways.Other molecular signaling pathways in skeletal muscle include the canonical Wnt signaling pathway,a critical regulator of myogenesis,muscle regeneration,and metabolic function,and the Hippo signaling pathway.In recent years,more details have been uncovered about the role of these two pathways during myogenesis and in developing and adult skeletal muscle fibers,and at the neuromuscular junction.In fact,research in the last few years now suggests that these two signaling pathways are interconnected and that they jointly control physiological and pathophysiological processes in muscle fibers.In this review,we will summarize and discuss the data on these two pathways,focusing on their concerted action next to their contribution to skeletal muscle biology.However,an in-depth discussion of the noncanonical Wnt pathway,the fibro/a dipogenic precursors,or the mechanosensory aspects of these pathways is not the focus of this review.
文摘Modern buildings and blocks in open port city, which are an essential part of the urban context, possess unspoken values of material properties and cultural resources for the urban future. According to the investigation of Taiyanggou Block and Lvshun Industrial School Site in Lvshun (China), this paper aims to discuss the understanding and conservation of modern heritage. Firstly, it interprets the opening of modern Lvshun and the formation of Taiyanggou Block to provide the fundamental knowledge. After a brief introduction of Lvshun Industrial School Site, the paper analyzes the problems in conservation practice and proposes countermeasures on heritage management and reuse strategy. Finally, it indicates that to conserve modern heritage means to preserve and to enhance their integrated values of space and culture in the framework of local development.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51978337 and U2039209。
文摘The number of traditionally excellent coastal lithologic nuclear power plants is limited.It is a trend to develop nuclear power plants on soil sites in inland areas.Therefore,the seismic safety and adaptability of non-rock nuclear power plant(NPP)sites are the key concerns of nuclear safety researchers.Although the five site categories are clearly defined in the AP1000 design control documents,the effects of nuclear power five site conditions and soil nonlinearity on the seismic response characteristics of nuclear island buildings have not been systematically considered in previous related studies.In this study,targeting the AP1000 nuclear island structure as the research object,three-dimensional finite element models of a nuclear island structure at five types of sites(firm rock site(FR),soft rock site(SR),soft-to-medium soil site(SMS),upper bound soft-to-medium site(SMS-UB),and soft soil site(SS))are established.The partitioned analysis method of soil-structure interaction(PASSI)in the time-domain is used to investigate the effects of site hardness and nonlinearity on the acceleration,displacement,and acceleration response spectrum of the nuclear island structure under seismic excitation.The incremental equilibrium equation and explicit decoupling method are used to analyze the soil nonlinearity described by the Davidenkov model with simplified loading-reloading rules.The results show that,in the linear case,with the increase of site hardness,the peak ground acceleration(PGA)and the peak of acceleration response spectrum of the nuclear island structure increase except for the FR site,while the maximum displacement decreases.In nonlinear analysis,as the site hardness increases,the PGA,maximum displacement,and the peak of acceleration response spectrum of the nuclear island structure increase.The peak value of the acceleration response spectrum in the nonlinear case is greater than that in the linear case for FR,while smaller for SR and soil sites.The site nonlinearity reduces the peak values of the response spectrum for SR and soil sites much more as the site hardness decreases.The results of this study can provide a reference for design of nuclear island structures on soil and rock sites.
基金funded by National Science Foundation(NSF)(Grant No.CMMI-2211002).
文摘This paper proposed the explicit generalized-a time scheme and periodic boundary conditions in the material point method(MPM)for the simulation of coseismic site response.The proposed boundary condition uses an intuitive particle-relocation algorithm ensuring material points always remain within the computational mesh.The explicit generalized-a time scheme was implemented in MPM to enable the damping of spurious high frequency oscillations.Firstly,the MPM was verified against finite element method(FEM).Secondly,ability of the MPM in capturing the analytical transfer function was investigated.Thirdly,a symmetric embankment was adopted to investigate the effects of ground motion arias intensity(I_(a)),geometry dimensions,and constitutive models.The results show that the larger the model size,the higher the crest runout and settlement for the same ground motion.When using a Mohr-Coulomb model,the crest runout increases with increasing I_(a).However,if the strain-softening law is activated,the results are less influenced by the ground motion.Finally,the MPM results were compared with the Newmark sliding block solution.The simplified analysis herein highlights the capabilities of MPM to capture the full deformation process for earthquake engineering applications,the importance of geometry characterization,and the selection of appropriate constitutive models when simulating coseismic site response and subsequent large deformations.
