A SDN-Based Energy Saving Strategy in Wireless Access Networks

This paper investigates on the base stations(BSs) sleeping control and energy saving in wireless network. The objective is to find the sleeping control and energy saving configuration between total power consumption and average video's quality. On the Software Defined Network(SDN) access network architecture, a type of sleeping control and active BSs' optimal transmitting time strategy is considered, the BS sleeps when there is no active users, and wakes up after a period of vacation time. In this paper, we study the active users grouping strategy, In order to spare more BSs into sleeping mode. Then this paper proposes an active BS transmitting time optimal strategy according to the users' Qo S. In the proposed strategy, the active BSs' transmitting time is minimized in order to save energy. This paper employs the mixed integer-programming model to present this optimization problem. Then we utilized a novel algorithm to save the energy in access networks and also meet the Qo S requirements. Both the analytical and simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively save energy in the access network BSs.

Short-Distance Low-Power Wireless Access System

The short-distance low-power technologies for wireless access communications, including Bluetooth, Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), focus on the physical layer and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. Bluetooth is a wireless protocol for exchanging data over short distances. It is an alternative to RS232 data cables. UWB is a radio technology that can be used at very low energy levels for short range. It provides flexible high-bandwidth wireless access. Wi-Fi enables the wireless connection of fast-access devices and mobile devices in Wireless Local Access Network (WLAN) and it is suitable for long distances. The standardizations of the above technologies have been developed and published soon after the emergence of these technologies. Among all the standards, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi are the most important ones.

ZTE's Broadband Wireless Access System

1 IntroductionWith the rapid development of backbonenetworks,the subscriber accessnetwork,a major component of publictelecom network equipment and so-called the“last kilometer”,has turned out to bethe focus of attention.Among various access technologies,thebroadband wireless access system featuresquick network construction,rapid investmentreturn and large bandwidth.It enables newnetwork operators to provide services quickly

Thinking About Developing 3G and Broadband Wireless Access Technologies

It is wise for fixed operators to make use of broadband wireless access technologies,such as IEEE802.16d,to develop mobile access based on their existing fixed broadband IP networks.Mobile operators have to evolve their networks from 2G to 3G for making full use of their current resources. However,the AII-IP core network will be a general trend since broadband wireless access adopts the connectionless statistical packet multiplexing technology.Based on the introduction of IEEE802.16d,High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and CDMA2000 1x EV-DV technologies,this paper discusses the development trend of broadband wireless access technologies, and concludes that 3G's packet access technologies are the same as IEEE802.16d/e,and AII-IP is the goal.It emphasizes that Chinese TD-SCDMA should develop toward connectionless statistical packet multiplexing as early as possible.

Research and Development of New Broadband Wireless Access System

Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) has become one of the major evolution trends in the fields of broadband access and mobile communications. However,some difficulties emerged during the application and industrialization of the BWA system,which calls for typical service models,key technology innovations and backbone support from broadband Internet. This article introduces a Broadband Wireless Multimedia (BWM) access system. It aims to build a new-type "triple play" BWA network by integrating terrestrial digital TV system and the BWA system,and by taking broadband Internet as its core network platform. A primary research shows that the new BWA system is an effective solution to the existing difficulties of BWA system. Moreover,it is quite competitive in service provision,service coverage,frequency planning,terminal power consumption and cost for network construction.

Modelling a Learning-Based Dynamic Tree Routing Model for Wireless Mesh Access Networks

Link asymmetry in wireless mesh access networks(WMAN)of Mobile ad-hoc Networks(MANETs)is due mesh routers’transmission range.It is depicted as significant research challenges that pose during the design of network protocol in wireless networks.Based on the extensive review,it is noted that the substantial link percentage is symmetric,i.e.,many links are unidirectional.It is identified that the synchronous acknowledgement reliability is higher than the asynchronous message.Therefore,the process of establishing bidirectional link quality through asynchronous beacons underrates the link reliability of asym-metric links.It paves the way to exploit an investigation on asymmetric links to enhance network functions through link estimation.Here,a novel Learning-based Dynamic Tree routing(LDTR)model is proposed to improve network performance and delay.For the evaluation of delay measures,asymmetric link,interference,probability of transmission failure is evaluated.The proportion of energy consumed is used for monitoring energy conditions based on the total energy capacity.This learning model is a productive way for resolving the routing issues over the network model during uncertainty.The asymmetric path is chosen to achieve exploitation and exploration iteratively.The learning-based Dynamic Tree routing model is utilized to resolve the multi-objective routing problem.Here,the simulation is done with MATLAB 2020a simulation environment and path with energy-efficiency and lesser E2E delay is evaluated and compared with existing approaches like the Dyna-Q-network model(DQN),asymmetric MAC model(AMAC),and cooperative asymmetric MAC model(CAMAC)model.The simulation outcomes demonstrate that the anticipated LDTR model attains superior network performance compared to others.The average energy consump-tion is 250 J,packet energy consumption is 6.5 J,PRR is 50 bits/sec,95%PDR,average delay percentage is 20%.

Polling Algorithm Based on Traffic Burst Characteristics of Broadband Wireless Access Systems

In this paper,we propose a novel polling algorithm to decrease the number of idle slots and collission slots during the polling cycle by evaluating the bandwidth request of the subscribe stations(SSs) in the next polling cycle for broadband wireless access(BWA) systems.We firstly analyze the feature of silent time intervals and deduce the Hurst index which symbolizes the degree of self-similarity and long-relative nature.Then we represent the inactive OFF time intervals by the Pareto model and estimate the shape parameterαby the group measured data.Finally we can evaluate the transmission probability of a silent SS before the next polling cycle. By this algorithm,we can find the optimal transmission opportunities for the base station(BS) to achieve the least collision or void timeslots in order to achieve the largest bandwidth efficiency.The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that this polling algorithm can improve the performance for BWA system.

Integral sliding-mode robust observer-based congestion control for wireless access networks

Designing a robust active queue management(RAQM)is mandatory to avoid congestion in networks with wireless access links,because transmission control protocol(TCP)can detect con-gestion after its occurrence in a communication network and wireless links suffer from bottleneck capacity variations caused by fading and packet error rate(PER)in the acknowledgement pack-ets.Furthermore,the average window size cannot be measured explicitly from the output signal and input and state delay are imposed to a network,which complicate theRAQMdesign problem in nonlinear models.So,the main contribution of this study is to design a robust observer based control procedure based on integral sliding mode protocol to estimate the average window size,to control congestion in a TCP/RAQM network and to compensate input and state delay.Sim-ulation results via professional simulator NS-2 and SIMULINK confirm that the procedure can effectively estimate the window size and can robustly avoid congestion.

An Offloading Scheme Leveraging on Neighboring Node Resources for Edge Computing over Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) Access Networks

The computation resources at a single node in Edge Computing(EC)are commonly limited,which cannot execute large scale computation tasks.To face the challenge,an Offloading scheme leveraging on NEighboring node Resources(ONER)for EC over Fiber-Wireless(FiWi)access networks is proposed in this paper.In the ONER scheme,the FiWi network connects edge computing nodes with fiber and converges wireless and fiber connections seamlessly,so that it can support the offloading transmission with low delay and wide bandwidth.Based on the ONER scheme supported by FiWi networks,computation tasks can be offloaded to edge computing nodes in a wider range of area without increasing wireless hops(e.g.,just one wireless hop),which achieves low delay.Additionally,an efficient Computation Resource Scheduling(CRS)algorithm based on the ONER scheme is also proposed to make offloading decision.The results show that more offloading requests can be satisfied and the average completion time of computation tasks decreases significantly with the ONER scheme and the CRS algorithm.Therefore,the ONER scheme and the CRS algorithm can schedule computation resources at neighboring edge computing nodes for offloading to meet the challenge of large scale computation tasks.

Virus spreading in wireless sensor networks with a medium access control mechanism

In this paper, an extended version of standard susceptible-infected （SI） model is proposed to consider the influence of a medium access control mechanism on virus spreading in wireless sensor networks. Theoretical analysis shows that the medium access control mechanism obviously reduces the density of infected nodes in the networks, which has been ignored in previous studies. It is also found that by increasing the network node density or node communication radius greatly increases the number of infected nodes. The theoretical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.

Minimizing the Impact of Long Propagation Delay on Multiple Access for Wireless Networks

A multiple access protocol is proposed to greatly improve multiple access performance of wireless networks with long propagation delay. All the nodes with packets to send can make rapid successful reservation in access reservation mini-slots, which is adaptively adjusted according to current traffic load and idle channel resources. A Central Control Node (CCN) coordinates channel reservation and allocates on-demand channel resources to the successfully accessed nodes on two channels. Each node can employ only one handshake to accomplish each communication session, and transmit one or multiple data packets piggybacked with acknowledgment (ACK) information to one or multiple destination nodes in each frame until the end of their communication sessions, which greatly minimizes the impact of long propagation delay caused by handshakes and improves channel efficiency. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol obviously outperforms the Centralized Scheduling-based Medium Access Control (CSMAC) protocol, especially in the presence of long propagation delay.

Ubiquitous Access Technology for Wireless Digital Home Networks

As an important branch of telecommunication technology, digital home networks have quickly developed in recent years. Although architecture of the digital home network based on telecommunication networks has been standardized in China, only wireless access is defined to be allowable. Therefore, it becomes the focus of further research how to establish a wireless digital home network. This article proposes the concept and shows the architecture of ubiquitous access for wireless digital home networks. Moreover, key technologies for ubiquitous access are discussed here, including cognitive radio, the concept of wireless Mesh, generic link transfer mechanism, Quality of Service (QoS) guarantee mechanism, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) and coexistence of heterogeneous systems.

Mobility Conscious Medium Access Control Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Conceptual Approach

Mobility in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) presents distinctive challenges in Medium Access Control (MAC) scheme. Numerous MAC protocols for sensor networks assume that sensor nodes are static and focus primarily on energy efficiency. This work seeks to develop an improved mobility conscious medium access control scheme for wireless sensor networks with a view to enhance energy conservation on mobile sensor nodes. On this note, mobility patterns of different scenarios are modelled using Gauss Markov Mobility Model (GMMM) to determine the position and distance of the sensor nodes and how they are correlated in time.

基于人工智能的LTE无线性能研究

文章提出了一种基于人工智能二次聚类的移动通信无线性能仿真研究。首先,用SOM算法将输入数据进行训练,将训练输出的每个节点对应的内部权值向量作为输入模式类的中心向量,同时该中心向量为K-means方法算法中的主中心向量,以进行精确的二次聚合。其次,使用SOM-K算法对移动小区短期的OAM数据进行聚类。与单独使用K-means方法相比,该方法聚类效果明显改善。

基于SWIPT的无小区大规模MIMO-NOMA系统能量效率研究

无小区大规模多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)与非正交多址接入(Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access,NOMA)都是未来6G的使能技术。无线携能通信(Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer,SWIPT)技术在进行信息解码的同时收集能量,与无小区大规模MIMO-NOMA优势互补。文中基于SWIPT研究无小区大规模MIMO-NOMA系统中的能量效率问题,通过联合优化功率分配系数和SWIPT的时隙切换(Time Switching,TS)系数,提高系统的能量效率。为了最大化能量效率,采用布谷鸟算法设计功率分配系数。考虑一种特殊情况,将所有终端的TS系数设置相同,进而推导了最佳TS系数的封闭表达式。仿真结果表明,相较于几种已有方案,文中提出的优化方案可以显著提升系统的能量效率。

无线局域网应用多重USG防火墙的安全策略研究

无线网络是一种方便灵活的网络接入方式,同时也存在一系列的安全威胁。通过对无线网络中可能产生的攻击和入侵方式进行详细的研究,确定基于华为USG5500防火墙的多重综合防御措施,包括身份验证、访问控制、数据加密、监测防御等多个方面,重点放在无线网络的身份验证和访问控制上。基于eNSP平台部署仿真拓扑,规划IP地址和防火墙区域,在无线网络中采用WPA2-PSK加密技术和VLAN技术,在多重防火墙中设置访问控制策略和流量过滤规则。仿真结果表明,在正确设置策略规则的情况下,多重USG5500防火墙能够及时监控和识别网络中的异常行为,有效检测和阻止网络攻击,提升无线网络的安全性和可靠性。

智能高速铁路中基于低轨卫星网络的通信关键技术研究

智能高速铁路是构建现代综合交通运输体系的重要组成部分,建立支持高移动性、高速率、高可靠性、高实时性的通信链路是列车安全运行的基石。针对高速铁路空间跨度范围大、轨旁通信设备成本高、越区切换频繁等问题,探讨基于低轨卫星互联网技术实现车地通信的可能性及关键技术。分析智能高速铁路通信业务需求并根据不同的业务类型采用对应的专网或公网进行承载。研究了基于公网卫星互联网络的高速铁路无线接入架构。并在此基础上进一步探讨了面向智能高速铁路的卫星接入与低时延传输、星地链路多普勒频偏、星内/间波束切换等关键技术,以期实现低时延、高可靠的星地通信链路。

基于意图驱动的无线网自智优化研究与实践

分析了意图驱动自智网络的优势,研究了自智网络在无线接入网络优化领域的应用前景,介绍了基于用户移动意图的天线自适应波束调整以及基于意图驱动的业务差异化体验保障2种自智网络实践案例,提升了用户体验和网络优化效率,为意图驱动自智网络新模式在无线网优领域的应用做出积极探索。

无线接入网络的时延优化算法

针对无线接入网络,提出一种轻量级时延优化算法——跨层反压拥塞控制算法。该算法是一种不依赖流量源端和用户终端设备,可独立部署在无线网络设备中的算法。该算法依据队列长度,空口发送速率等信息,动态调整TCP确认报文(TCP ACK)中的接收窗口字段,在降低业务端到端时延的同时,降低无线网络设备总缓存,保障无线接入设备(AP)的总吞吐能力(吞吐损耗<5%)。对比传统的Cubic拥塞控制算法,在AP为拥塞点的场景下,可降低无线接入网络时延30%—40%;同时降低AP设备40%的缓存,降低丢包风险。

基站无线回传技术研究

有些场景光纤传输部署困难、成本高、周期长,需研究使用无线传输将基站和核心网连通。首先介绍了无线回传的应用场景,详细论述和对比了实现无线回传的可行技术方案,分析了无线回传中头开销、MTU和时延的影响,为特定场景使用无线回传方案提供了参考。