Utilization of Changyun Jujube, a Cultivar with Resistance to Witches Broom Disease

In 2021,the Shanting District Fruit Industry Service Center conducted an application test of a treatment for jujube witches broom disease using Changyun jujube.The results demonstrated that when diseased Changhong jujube plants were grafted with Changyun jujube in the spring using bark or cleft grafting,the majority of the new shoots of Changyun jujube exhibited no symptoms of witches broom disease,while a few exhibited symptoms of the disease.With the growth of new shoots,the symptoms of witches broom disease gradually abated,returning to normal growth and development.Similarly,the symptoms of witches broom disease on the rootstock below the grafting mouth also gradually abated,returning to normal.The Changyun jujube rootstock was utilized as the intermediate rootstock to grafting the jujube cultivars Qiyuexian and Fucuimi.The two cultivars were subsequently affixed with branch bark from the witches broom disease.The two cultivars did not exhibit any symptoms of witches broom disease,thus providing an opportunity to investigate potential treatments for this disease in jujube.Finally,the cultivation techniques of the Changyun jujube were presented.

ZERO-CURRENT AND ZERO-VOLTAGE SWITCHING PWM BOOST FULL-BRIDGE CON VERTER

This paper proposes a zer o current and zero voltage switching (ZCZVS) PWM Boost full bridge (FB) conve rter. With series inductors, the leading switches can realize zero current swit ching (ZCS) in a wide load range using the energy of the output capacitor. Ma king use of parasitic capacitors of the lagging switches and parallel auxiliary i nductance with the primary winding of the transformer, the lagging switches can realize zero voltage switching (ZVS) under any load. Compared with the ZCS PWM Boost FB converter, the new converter has no current duty cycle loss. Operat ional principle and parameter design are analyzed. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter.

Technical Studies of Controlling Jujube Witches Broom Disease with Resistant Rootstock

[Objectives]The paper was to screen and identify the control effect of resistant rootstock on jujube witches broom disease.[Methods]The seeds or branches of disease-free plants were collected from wild jujube bushes infected by witches broom disease,and 5434 seedlings were obtained by sowing or cutting.The virus was inoculated by grafting diseased bark.After 6 years of preliminary screening,40 plants with resistance to jujube witches broom disease were obtained.Taking these resistant plants as the rootstocks,the susceptible variety‘long red jujube’was grafted at a height of 40 cm.When the plants grew to appropriate thickness,diseased bark was grafted to‘long red jujube’and rootstock to transmit the virus.After 18 years of observation and judgment,4 rootstock strains with high resistance or immunity to jujube witches broom disease were finally determined,namely 90801,90803,90806 and 908011.The susceptible variety‘long red jujube’was grafted to 4 rootstocks and inoculated the virus through diseased bark grafting method.[Results]The resistant rootstock had obvious disease resistance effect.When the branches of 90801 and 90803 rootstocks were grafted to the trunk of diseased trees,the symptoms of jujube witches broom disease gradually alleviated till disappeared.[Conclusions]Using germplasm with high resistance or immunity to jujube witches broom disease as rootstock can effectively prevent the spread of jujube witches broom disease,and bridging the trunk of diseased trees with branches from resistant rootstock has certain therapeutic effect.

基于TOPSwitch及PI Expert的单端反激式开关电源设计

TOPSwitch单片开关电源芯片集PWM控制器和高压MOSFET于一体,性能优异,可靠性高。与之配套的PI Expert软件,功能强大、使用简单,用来设计开关电源可降低成本、缩短周期,提高效率。利用TOPSwitch及PI Expert设计了一种单端反激式多路输出开关电源。试验结果表明,该电源结构简单,运行可靠,输出稳定。

Identification and Control of Paulownia fortunei Witches Broom Disease

Pathogen and characteristics,occurrence law,damage symptom of Paulownia fortunei witches broom disease were simply described,and the control method of the disease was summarized.

Spatial pattern of paulownia witches' broom and its effects on the growth of Paulownia elongata in Shaanxi Province,China

The spatial pattern of paulownia witches＇ broom was investigated using an Iwao＇s （m^＊-m） model in Shaanxi Province, China. Iwao＇s （m^＊-m） model revealed that spatial pattern of paulownia witches＇ broom exhibited a uniform distribution in sample plots. In this model, characteristics of contagiousness coefficient （a） justified the probability of infection by virus-transmission vectors. For tree age less than six, susceptible individuals were aggregated as clusters in the plots and then mutually repelled over age. A preliminary survey of stand volume show that from age five to six, stand volumes of disease grade II showed excessive vegetative growth and returned to normal level between ages ten and 11. Loss rate of volume increment with disease grade II decreased, and then returned to raising trend both at grades III and IV. This phenomenon is possibly caused by an over-compensation effect and by environmental factors. The redundancy of growth hormones in branches, shoots, leaves, buds and roots increased the stem volume of entire trees.

Relationship between Witches' Broom Protein and Dynamic of Some Amino Acids in Paulownia Tree Leaves

This paper dealt with the SDS polyacrymide gel electrophoresis of proteins ahd analysis of the amino acids in the diseasedand healthy leaves with the same strain respectively, which were at the same side and height, of Paulownia catalpifolia, P. elongata, P. albiphloea and P. kauakamii respectively. The results indicated that the leaves of 4 species of Paulownia trees with witches' broom had one protein band, of which molecular weight was 12 kD, which did not appear in the healthy leaves free of phytoplasmas. Moreover, the protein quantity in the affected leaves was more than that in the healthy leaves free of phytoplasmas, At the same time, there was significant difference on the amino acids between the healthy and diseased leaves of P. catalpifolia and P. kawakamii. The amount of cystine in the affected leaves was higher than that in the healthy leaves, but the change of amount of phenylalanine in the affected and healthy leaves was contrary.These changes of proteins and amino acids in the leaves might be related to the witches' broom of the Parlounia trees.

The Witch's Images and Witchcraft's Mysteries Reflected in The Scarlet Letter

The American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter is about a forbidden love between a Reverend Dimmesdale and a married woman Hester Prynne. There have been numerous studies about it from different perspectives since its publication in 1850. This paper aims to reveal how Hawthorne weaves witch's images and witchcraft's mysteries into his work The Scarlet Letter, and is relevant to the influence that these two mysterious elements have on this work.

Use of random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） analysis to detect jujube witches＇ broom phytoplasmas

Jujube witches＇ broom is a devastating disease of Ziziphusjujube that occurs in various jujube regions of China. Nucleic acid extracted from midribs of samples collected from three jujube varieties （＂Suanzao＂, ＂Lajiaozao＂ and ＂Langzao＂） from symptomatic and asymptomatic shoots were tested by random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses. Using 13 different 10 and 11-bp random primers the amplification of jujube DNA was achieved from all the samples; AMI4 primer provided amplification of specific DNA fragments of about 400 bp, only from samples collected from symptomatic plants. No genetic variations in these varieties were identified using the other 11 arbitrary primers; only with primer AL07 it was possible to differentiate ＂Langzao＂ from the other two varieties tested. All the experiments were repeated 2 times and the results were consistent. Compared with PCR analyses with phytoplasma-specific primers, RAPD techniques resulted to be an alternative rapid and sensitive method for detecting jujube phytoplasmas presence in different jujube varieties.

Literature Review on The Lion,the Witch and the Wardrobe

The Irish-born British writer Clive Staples Lewis(1898-1963)is not only a literary critic with unique insights and a loy⁃al Christian missionary,but also a popular children’s writer.His The Lion,the Witch and the Wardrobe is a world-famous chil⁃dren’s literature,which is deeply affected by the public.However,the academic researches and explorations on it are still in a state of youth.The dimensions of the domestic researches are single,and most scholars only pay attention to the religious connota⁃tion.Meanwhile,although the foreign studies have a wide range,there are few innovations in the studies.The thesis collates all kinds of literatures on Lewis and his The Lion,the Witch and the Wardrobe to summarize the current research status and provide new dimensions for later studies.

叶下珠黄化植原体和丛枝植原体的分子鉴定

2022年8月在海南省文昌市一个槟榔黄化病园内,分别发现叶片黄化和丛枝症状的叶下珠,前期检测均为植原体感染。为了明确叶下珠黄化植原体和丛枝植原体的分类鉴定,本研究通过克隆16S rDNA基因和核糖体蛋白(rp)基因,并进行基因序列一致性、系统发育树及虚拟RFLP等分析。结果显示:克隆获得叶下珠黄化植原体16S rDNA片段1246 bp,rp基因1212 bp;叶下珠丛枝植原体16S rDNA片段1827 bp,rp基因1240 bp。基因序列一致性显示,叶下珠黄化植原体与丛枝植原体的16S rDNA基因序列均与16SrⅠ组的植原体一致性高达98%以上,与槟榔黄化植原体海南株系的16S rDNA序列一致性达100%;而二者的rp基因序列均与rpⅠ组的植原体一致性高达99%以上。系统发育树分析显示,叶下珠黄化植原体和丛枝植原体16S rDNA基因均与翠菊黄化组(16SrⅠ)植原体聚于一个大分支,且与16SrⅠ-B亚组的槟榔黄化植原体聚于同一个小分支,亲缘关系接近;而rp基因均与翠菊黄化组(rpⅠ)植原体集聚于一个大分支,且与rpⅠ-B亚组的翠菊黄化植原体聚于同一个小分支,亲缘关系接近。虚拟RFLP分析显示,叶下珠黄化植原体和丛枝植原体的16S rDNA基因序列虚拟RFLP图谱与16SrⅠ-B的洋葱黄化植原体的参考图谱相同,且相似系数为1.00。综上表明,叶下珠黄化植原体和丛枝植原体均属于16SrⅠ-B亚组成员。研究结果可对采用铲除槟榔黄化病中间寄主的防控手段提供理论依据。

以巫文化为线索探析楚建筑的精神意象

楚建筑恢宏动态的特色和浪漫奇诡的异彩,归因于巫的怪想、道的妙理、骚的绮思,三种精神意象交融,以至汪洋恣肆,精彩绝伦。该文分析了作为中国原始文化之一的巫文化的性质和产生的原因,以及巫文化和楚文化的渊源联系,分别论述了道学和骚学与楚建筑美学特征的关系,最后得出了以巫文化为根源发展出的道和骚两种哲学思想是楚建筑的精神意象。

基于差分控制方法的高精度时间调制模块

为了满足时间调制模块的高精度幅度调控需求,本文提出差分控制方法来改进模块调制时序的产生方式。差分控制方法利用FPGA对输出方波信号的时延调节精度较高的特点,在保持方波占空比不变的情况下,通过改变两路方波控制信号的相位差,分别作用于串联关系的射频开关,从射频电路的角度使两开关导通时间相与,实现对模块导通时间的精准控制,从而对模块输出信号进行高精度幅度控制。基于该差分控制方法设计了验证模块,并进行了实物加工与测试,由于在模块设计中充分利用了不同射频开关在差分控制中的逻辑关系,因而在提高幅度调控精度的同时保持控制线数不变。实测结果表明,验证模块在工作频带内有着良好的各项性能。通过差分控制方法,在10 MHz调制频率下,模块能够实现步进0.25 dB、动态范围0~28.5 dB的幅度衰减控制,误差在±(0.1 dB+1%AS)以内。

酶辅助法优化金缕梅多酚提取工艺及其美白功效评价的研究

为了优化金缕梅多酚提取工艺及美白功效,采用酶辅助法和响应面法优化金缕梅多酚提取工艺,并检测金缕梅多酚对酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素合成的影响。结果表明,金缕梅多酚提取最优工艺为:纤维素质量分数为2.5%、酶解温度为38℃、酶解时间为85 min、料液比为1∶21、乙醇体积分数为40%,该条件下金缕梅多酚提取率达到62.16 mg/g。金缕梅多酚具有良好的抑制酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素生成的功效,具备潜在的美白功效。

Transgenic Paulownia Expressing shiva-1 Gene Has Increased Resistance to Paulownia Witches＇ Broom Disease

Stem segments from diseased Paulownia tomentosaXP, fortunei and leaves from healthy control were transformed with the expression vector p438PRSI via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The p438PRSI vector contained shiva-1 gene, which encodes an antibacterial peptide under the control of a CaMV35S promoter. The regenerated plants from transformed explants were planted in a greenhouse and nursery. PCR and Southern blotting analysis showed that the shiva-1 gene was successfully integrated into the Paulownia genome. Transcription of the integrated shiva-1 gene was confirmed by RT-PCR. Bioassay in the green house and phytoplasma DNA-dot blotting demonstrated that resistance to Paulownia witch＇s broom disease （PWB） increased significantly in shiva-l-transgenic Paulownia. Further investigations indicated that higher Shiva- 1 expression correlated with fewer phytoplasma and less symptoms in diseased transgenic Paulownia. Together, our findings strongly suggest that breeding shiva-1-Paulownia is an effective strategy to control PWB disease.

论巫、瞽史口述与《左传》的诗性特征

巫、瞽史一体的职官传统,使“史”与“诗”在三代有着高度的相关性和同步性。巫、瞽史口述的历史是《左传》的早期史料来源;巫、瞽史口述的方法为《左传》所继承,并发展成一种“史有诗笔”的表现方法;巫、瞽史独立的、批判性的话语权力,构成了贯穿于《左传》中的史诗精神,具体表现为天命意识和道德意识的统一。对巫、瞽史口述与《左传》诗性特征的关系研究,对我们进一步从诗学的角度解读周代经典文本,有着重要启示作用。

文艺复兴时期的恶魔学与猎巫运动关系探讨

就时间上而言,猎巫运动的高潮在于文艺复兴之后,其本质是一种宗教性狂热。文艺复兴所带来的不仅是启蒙和理性,也复兴了异教的神秘信仰,并与传统的基督教神秘主义融合。恶魔学说从早期的柏拉图主义转向亚里士多德主义,恶魔从古希腊时期的精神体转向文艺复兴的物质体,教会对恶魔的态度也从不甚在意转向了物质消灭。伴随着恶魔学的物质转向,猎巫运动愈演愈烈。

福建陈靖姑信仰中巫文化的源流与发展

巫文化特质是早期陈靖姑信仰的基本内涵之一。陈靖姑信仰中的巫文化内涵既可以通过巫医群体在人类文明演进过程中承担着重要职责的意义来加以透视,也可以将其追溯到原始社会时期具有生殖巫术与图腾巫术象征意义的蛇神信仰。在两宋时期,随着王朝政府推行的“禁巫运动”与“封神运动”,陈靖姑实现了由“巫”而“神”的形象蜕变。在明清时期,陈靖姑信仰则与南方巫教相结合,并催生出了一支新的闾山法支系——夫人教,陈靖姑成为这支派的法主神。陈靖姑信仰与闾山教派的互相吸纳,为推动彼此文化的繁荣昌盛注入了新的动力。

《薄如晨曦》中蒂图巴黑奴女巫身份认同研究

法属瓜德罗普裔作家玛丽斯·孔戴的小说《薄如晨曦》围绕黑奴、女巫等多重身份的主角蒂图巴展开,探索17世纪巴巴多斯和美洲大陆的少数族裔女性身份认同危机以及自我身份重建的过程。基于萨特存在主义思想“存在先于本质”“自由选择”,分析蒂图巴在宗教、种族和性别的冲突中,采取一系列积极、不懈的行动,反抗与报复命运的不公、通过工作创造并实现自我价值、与其他女性互相扶持形成互助同盟等,走上并完成重建自我身份认同之路。